BUILDING DESIGN

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CIVIL ENGINEERING
CODES AND STANDARDS

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PLUMBING CODE OF THE
PHILIPPINES

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Clean Water Supply: All locations should have access to pure and clean water. The water sources should be safe, free
from contaminants, and suitable for consumption and daily use.

Sufficient Water Volume and Pressure: Plumbing fixtures require an adequate water supply with sufficient pressure
to function properly. Sufficient volume ensures that fixtures like showers, faucets, and toilets receive the necessary
water for their intended use. Adequate pressure ensures efficient flow and operation.

Water Conservation: This is a fundamental aspect of plumbing codes in the Philippines. It encourages efficient water
use by promoting the design and implementation of water-saving fixtures and technologies. For instance, low-flow
faucets, toilets, and showerheads are used to minimize water consumption and reduce wastage.

Backflow Prevention: Backflow occurs when contaminated water flows back into the main water supply due to
changes in pressure. Plumbing codes in the Philippines require the implementation of backflow prevention
measures, such as the installation of backflow prevention devices.

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Connection to Public Sewer: Buildings located along public sewers are required to connect their plumbing fixtures to
the sewer system. There must be proper waste disposal for those buildings to prevent pollution of the environment or
groundwater sources.

Required Plumbing Fixtures: Plumbing codes specify the minimum required fixtures for each household in the
Philippines. This typically includes water closets (toilets), kitchen sinks, lavatories (bathroom sinks), and showers. These
essential fixtures are essential in every household for promoting proper sanitation, hygiene, and convenience for
residents.

Quality and Location of Fixtures: Plumbing codes also emphasize using high-quality fixtures. They should be made of
smooth, non-absorbent materials. They also must pass approval by the regulating bodies. This ensures durability, ease
of cleaning, and corrosion resistance. Additionally, the codes prescribe appropriate locations for fixtures. They
emphasize proper ventilation and enclosure to prevent moisture buildup and maintain a healthy environment.

Proper Drainage Design: To facilitate proper drainage, you must design all drainage systems. This includes
considerations for slope, pipe size, and the provision of appropriate cleanouts. There should be no buildup of foul
odors, deposits, and clogs. This ensures efficient wastewater removal and minimizes the risk of plumbing system
failures.

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Water-Sealed Traps: Each fixture connected to the drainage system should have a water-sealed trap. These traps
create a water barrier that prevents foul odors and gases from entering the living or working space.

Leak Testing: Plumbing systems should undergo periodic testing to identify and address any leaks or complications.
This ensures that the system operates efficiently and prevents water wastage.

Prohibited Substances: The plumbing codes strictly prohibit the introduction of substances that can clog pipes. Also,
those that cause explosions or interfere with the system’s proper functioning are prohibited.

Sewage Disposal: In areas without access to a sewage system, the plumbing codes dictate you must dispose of the
sewage correctly. This involves using septic tanks or other approved methods to ensure safe and hygienic waste
management.

Maintenance by Professionals: Registered master plumbers are responsible for maintaining and servicing plumbing
systems. You cannot work on any plumbing gig if you do not have the right certification.

Prohibited Discharge: Discharge of wastes other than those from the plumbing system into waterways is strictly
prohibited. The waste in your pipes must only be from the plumbing fixtures.

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General Requirements

1. Pipes must be fitted and tightly connected to prevent leakage of liquid or gas.
2. The ventilation must convey gases to the atmosphere where it can do no harm to human health.
3. Each fixture except the water closet shall be -provided with a suitable trap to prevent the backflow of
gases.
4. The fixture with traps should be prevented to avoid siphoning of the water seal.
5. Drainage pipes should be graded properly or sloped for a downward gravity flow of water to the waste
disposal.
6. Drainage pipes should be provided with adequate cleanout that is accessible for repair in case of
stoppages.

Siphoning: Siphoning refers to the process where water flows out of the trap due to pressure differences, usually
caused by a fast flow of water down the drain. This can break the water seal in the trap, allowing sewer gases to enter
the building.

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Degrees of Waste Water

1. Storm Water- from rain

2. Grey water- from laundries, wash basins, sinks, showers, and bathtubs.
3. Black Water- water plus human waste, both solid and liquid that is flushed out of toilets and urinals.

Elements of Plumbing System

1. Soil Pipe- pipe which conveys black water

2. Waste Pipe- pipe which conveys grey water
3. Vent Pipe- a pipe used to ensure the circulation of air in a plumbing system
4. Stack – a general for any vertical line of pipes (sample: soil stock, vent stack)
5. Branch -any part of the piping system other than the main or stack (sample: branch vent)
6. Main Pipe- principal artery of the system to which branches may be connected.

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