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? Problem 1

The document contains a series of problems and solutions related to quantum numbers and electron configurations in atomic physics. It covers topics such as identifying quantum numbers for electrons, determining the number of orbitals in subshells, and explaining principles like the Pauli Exclusion Principle. Each problem is clearly stated with corresponding solutions and explanations.

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fyic.chemistry009
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6 views7 pages

? Problem 1

The document contains a series of problems and solutions related to quantum numbers and electron configurations in atomic physics. It covers topics such as identifying quantum numbers for electrons, determining the number of orbitals in subshells, and explaining principles like the Pauli Exclusion Principle. Each problem is clearly stated with corresponding solutions and explanations.

Uploaded by

fyic.chemistry009
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Problem 1

Write all four quantum numbers for the last electron of Sodium (Na, Z = 11)

Solution

Electronic configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s¹

Last electron → 3s orbital

• n = 3 → denotes principal energy level (shell number)

• l = 0 → denotes subshell / shape (s orbital = spherical)

• mₗ = 0 → denotes orientation of orbital in space

• mₛ = +½ → denotes spin of electron

Final Answer: (3, 0, 0, +½)

Problem 2

Which set is NOT possible?

B. n=3, l=3, mₗ=−2

Solution
• n (principal quantum number) → energy level

• l (azimuthal quantum number) → shape; must be 0 to (n−1)

For n=3 → l must be 0,1,2

Given l=3 invalid

• mₗ (magnetic quantum number) → orientation (depends on l)

• mₛ (spin quantum number) → spin (±½)

Answer: Not possible

Problem 3

Number of orbitals in d-subshell

Solution

• l = 2 → denotes d-subshell (shape)

• Orbitals = 2l + 1 = 5

• mₗ values (orientation) → −2, −1, 0, +1, +2

Each orbital can hold electrons with:

• mₛ = ±½ (spin)

Answer: 5 orbitals

Problem 4

Maximum electrons in n = 3 shell

Solution

• n = 3 → denotes energy level / shell size

Formula:

𝑁 = 2𝑛2

→ 2 × 3² = 18

• l values (shape) → 0,1,2


• mₗ (orientation) varies per subshell

• mₛ (spin) → ±½

Answer: 18 electrons

Problem 5

Identify subshell for n = 4, l = 3

Solution

• n = 4 → denotes 4th energy level

• l = 3 → denotes f subshell (complex shape)

• mₗ → −3 to +3 (7 orientations)

• mₛ → ±½

Answer: 4f

Problem 6

Find all mₗ values for l = 2

Solution

• l = 2 → denotes d-subshell (shape)

• mₗ (magnetic quantum number) → denotes orientation

Range: −l to +l

→ −2, −1, 0, +1, +2

• n → energy level (not given here)

• mₛ → spin ±½

Answer: 5 orientations

Problem 7

Maximum electrons in p subshell


Solution

• l = 1 → denotes p-subshell (dumbbell shape)

• Orbitals = 2l + 1 = 3

Each orbital:

• mₗ = −1, 0, +1 → orientations

• Each holds 2 electrons with mₛ = ±½ (spin)

Total electrons = 6

Problem 8

Which represents 3d electron?

A. (3, 2, 1, −½)

Solution

• n = 3 → denotes 3rd energy level

• l = 2 → denotes d-subshell (shape)

• mₗ = 1 → denotes orientation of orbital

• mₛ = −½ → denotes spin

Matches 3d electron

Problem 9

Total orbitals in n = 2 shell

Solution

• n = 2 → denotes energy level

Formula:

Total orbitals = 𝑛2

→ 2² = 4 orbitals

• l values → 0,1 (s and p shapes)


• mₗ → orientations within subshells

• mₛ → spin

Answer: 4 orbitals

Problem 10

Why electrons in same orbital have opposite spin?

Solution

• mₛ (spin quantum number) → denotes spin direction

• Can be only +½ or −½

According to Pauli Exclusion Principle:

• No two electrons can have same set of (n, l, mₗ, mₛ)

Therefore spins must be opposite

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