📖 Original Text:
📘 GEC103 REVIEWER: THE GLOBAL
INTERSTATE SYSTEM
● Each state governs itself and has its
own laws.
🔑 Key Points:
🎯 LEARNING OBJECTIVES ● Countries are self-governing
📖 Original Text: ● No higher authority controlling all states
1. Explain internationalization and its role
in global politics. 2. DIPLOMACY
📖 Original Text:
2. Define the state and the nation.
3. Distinguish between conceptions of
internationalism.
4. Identify key thinkers (Kant, Bentham, ● Means peaceful communication and
Mazzini, Wilson) and their main negotiation between states.
contributions.
5. Discuss the historical evolution of 🔑 Key Points:
international politics.
🔑 Key Points:
● Used to avoid conflict
● Includes:
○ Negotiations
● Know definitions (state, nation, ○ Agreements
internationalization) ○ Alliances
● Be ready to differentiate concepts
● Memorize key thinkers +
contributions
● Understand history of global political 3. INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
system
📖 Original Text:
● Organizations like the United Nations
🌍 INTERNATIONALIZATION help countries cooperate and solve
global problems.
📖 Original Text: 🔑 Key Points:
● Internationalization refers to the
● Promote cooperation
deepening of interactions between
● Solve global issues:
states.
○ War
● This means that countries are becoming
○ Climate change
more connected through trade,
○ Poverty
communication, diplomacy, and
cooperation.
🔑 Key Points: 4. INDEPENDENT INTERNATIONAL BODIES
● Countries are becoming more
connected
📖 Original Text:
● Happens through: ● Some organizations take on lives of
○ Trade their own.
🔑 Key Points:
○ Communication
○ Diplomacy
○ Cooperation
● Important in global politics and ● Not controlled by one country
globalization ● Act independently in global affairs
🌐 WHAT DEFINES TODAY’S GLOBAL
SYSTEM?
🏛️ NATION-STATE
THE 4 ATTRIBUTES OF TODAY’S GLOBAL 📖 Original Text:
SYSTEM
● A nation-state is a group of people who
share the same identity (nation)
governed under one political system
1. INDEPENDENT STATES (state).
● It is composed of two ● Have a clear and defined geographic
non-interchangeable terms. area.
● Not all states are nations.
● Not all nations are states. 🔑 Key Points:
🔑 Key Points: ● Physical land boundaries
● Nation = shared identity
● State = political system/government
● Nation-state = both combined 3. GOVERNMENT
📖 Original Text:
NOT ALL STATES ARE NATIONS ● There must be a governing body that
📖 Original Text:
creates and enforces laws.
🔑 Key Points:
● A state can have many different nations
inside it. ● Maintains order
🔑 Key Points:
● Creates laws
● Example: multi-ethnic countries
● Different cultures in one country 4. SOVEREIGNTY
📖 Original Text:
NOT ALL NATIONS ARE STATES ● Means supreme authority.
📖 Original Text: 🔑 Key Points:
● Some groups of people feel like one ● Most important element
nation but do not have their own country. ● Without sovereignty → no real state
🔑 Key Points:
● Nation without territory 🔑 2 PARTS OF SOVEREIGNTY
● No official government
📖 Original Text:
● Internal Sovereignty – authority within its
🏛️ WHAT IS A STATE? territory
● External Sovereignty – independence
📖 Original Text: from other states
● A state refers to a country and its
🔑 Key Points:
government. ● Internal = control inside country
● Not all territories are considered states. ● External = freedom from outside control
4 ATTRIBUTES OF A STATE
⚖️ RIGHTS OF A STATE
1. POPULATION
📖 Original Text:
📖 Original Text: ●
●
Right to govern its people
Right for self-determination
● Right to impose policies
● Its citizens ● Right to take over issues in its
🔑 Key Points: jurisdiction
● People living in the state
🔑 Key Points:
● States have legal authority
● Can make decisions independently
2. TERRITORY
📖 Original Text:
🌍 WHAT IS A NATION? 🕰️ ORIGIN: TREATY OF WESTPHALIA
📖 Original Text: (1648)
📖 Original Text:
● A nation is an “imagined community”
(Benedict Anderson). ● Signed in 1648
● A nation is given an official boundary, ● Ended the Thirty Years War
and rights and responsibilities belong to ● Agreement among European powers
citizens.
● Calling it “imagined” allows people to 🔑 Key Points:
feel connection with a community.
● Beginning of modern international
Example: system
● Established sovereignty
● Cheering for a Filipino athlete even if
you don’t know them personally.
🔑 Key Points: THIRTY YEARS WAR
● Nation = shared identity + sense of
belonging
📖 Original Text:
● “Imagined” = people feel connected ● Conflict between Catholics and
● Not based on personal relationships Protestants
● Involved major European powers
● Caused massive destruction
🇵🇭 NATIONALISM 🔑 Key Points:
📖 Original Text: ● Religious + political conflict
● Led to need for peace system
● Nationalism is the driving force that
connects a nation to the creation of a
formal state. KEY FEATURES OF WESTPHALIAN
● Facilitator of state formation SYSTEM
● Creation of nation-states
● Driver of independence 📖 Original Text:
🔑 Key Points: ● Sovereignty
● Non-interference
● Nationalism = love for country ● Legal equality of states
● Leads to:
○ Independence
○ State formation
🔑 Key Points:
● Strong political force ● Foundation of modern diplomacy
● All states are equal legally
🌍 THE INTERSTATE SYSTEM ⭐ IMPORTANCE
📖 Original Text: 📖 Original Text:
● The Interstate System is a system ● Created foundation of modern
where: international relations
○ The world is divided into ● Established independent nation-states
independent states ● Influenced international law and
○ Each state has sovereignty diplomacy
○ States do not interfere in each
other’s internal affairs 🔑 Key Points:
🔑 Key Points: ● Still used today
● Basis of global politics
● Based on:
○ Independence
○ Sovereignty
○ Non-interference
⚔️ NAPOLEON & EUROPE
📖 Original Text:
● Napoleon spread ideals of French
Revolution:
○ Liberty IMMANUEL KANT
○ Equality
○ Fraternity 📖 Original Text:
● Napoleon Code:
○ Meritocracy ● Proposed “Perpetual Peace”
○ Equality ● Suggested a federation of states
○ Challenged aristocracy ● Democracies are less likely to go to war
● Defeated at Battle of Waterloo (1815)
🔑 Key Points:
🔑 Key Points: ● Peace through cooperation
● Promoted equality and rights ● International system of laws
● Changed European political systems
JEREMY BENTHAM
🤝 CONCERT OF EUROPE 📖 Original Text:
📖 Original Text: ● Coined “international”
● Supported international law
● A diplomatic system formed by major
● Promoted peaceful conflict resolution
European powers
● Goal: restore monarchies and balance
power
🔑 Key Points:
🔑 Key Points: ● Law reduces conflict
● Diplomacy over war
● Prevent domination by one country
● Maintain peace
GIUSEPPE MAZZINI
📖 Original Text:
🌐 INTERNATIONALISM ● Supported nationalism and international
⚖️ NATIONALISM vs GLOBALISM cooperation
● Believed strong nations can cooperate
🔑 Key Points: 🔑 Key Points:
● Nationalism → focus on own country ● Nationalism + cooperation can coexist
● Globalism → cooperation with others
WOODROW WILSON
🌍 LIBERAL INTERNATIONALISM 📖 Original Text:
📖 Original Text: ● Promoted self-determination
● Proposed League of Nations
● Belief that countries should cooperate
instead of compete 🔑 Key Points:
● Promotes:
○ Peace ● Democracy promotes peace
○ International law ● Led to modern global institutions
○ Democracy
○ Human rights
○ Global organizations
🔑 Key Points: 🌍 IMPORTANCE TODAY
● Cooperation reduces conflict
📖 Original Text:
● Basis of modern global system ● Influences:
○ United Nations
○ International law
🧠 KEY THINKERS
○ Human rights
○ Global trade
🔑 Key Points: 📖 Original Text:
● Needed for solving global problems ● Founded in 1889
● Cooperation is essential ● Achievements:
○ Labor Day
○ Women’s Day
○ 8-hour workday
🔴 SOCIALIST INTERNATIONALISM ● Collapsed during WWI
📖 Original Text: 🔑 Key Points:
● Promoted worker rights
● Karl Marx rejected nationalism ● Failed due to nationalism
● Focused on economic equality
🔴 RUSSIAN REVOLUTION (1917)
Classes:
📖 Original Text:
● Capitalist class (owners)
● Proletariat class (workers)
🔑 Key Points: ● Overthrew Czar Nicholas II
● Led by Lenin
● Focus on class struggle ● Created USSR
🔑 Key Points:
● Global unity of workers
🧠 KARL MARX ● Beginning of communist state
● Radical political change
📖 Original Text:
● “Workers of the world, unite!” 🌍 COMMUNIST INTERNATIONAL
🔑 Key Points: 📖 Original Text:
● Workers should unite globally ● Founded by Lenin (1919)
● Against exploitation ● Promoted global socialist revolution
🔑 Key Points:
🏛️ SOCIALIST INTERNATIONAL ● Spread communism worldwide
● More radical than Socialist International