Important Questions & Answers
Physics | Chemistry | Biology — Class 9 Science
PHYSICS — Force and Laws of Motion
■ Important Full Forms
Abbreviation Full Form
N Newton (SI unit of force)
kg Kilogram
m/s Metre per second (velocity unit)
m/s² Metre per second squared (acceleration unit)
F Force
m Mass
a Acceleration
p Momentum (mass × velocity)
NLM Newton's Laws of Motion
■ MCQs — Force and Laws of Motion
Q1. Newton's first law of motion is also known as:
(a) Law of acceleration
(b) Law of inertia
(c) Law of momentum
(d) Law of gravity
Ans: (b) Law of inertia
Q2. The SI unit of force is:
(a) Joule
(b) Watt
(c) Newton
(d) Pascal
Ans: (c) Newton
Q3. Which of the following has the greatest inertia?
(a) A cricket ball
(b) A rubber ball
(c) A stone
(d) A 10 kg iron ball
Ans: (d) A 10 kg iron ball
Q4. The momentum of an object is defined as:
(a) Mass / Velocity
(b) Mass × Velocity
(c) Force × Time
(d) Force / Mass
Ans: (b) Mass × Velocity
Q5. According to Newton's third law, action and reaction forces are:
(a) Equal and in the same direction
(b) Equal and in opposite directions
(c) Unequal
(d) None of these
Ans: (b) Equal and in opposite directions
Q6. A body of mass 5 kg moving at 10 m/s has momentum:
(a) 2 kg m/s
(b) 0.5 kg m/s
(c) 50 kg m/s
(d) 15 kg m/s
Ans: (c) 50 kg m/s
■ Short Answer Questions — Force and Laws of Motion
Q1. State Newton's First Law of Motion.
An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the
same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced external force. This property is called inertia.
Q2. State Newton's Second Law of Motion.
The rate of change of momentum of an object is proportional to the applied unbalanced force in the
direction of force. Mathematically: F = ma, where F = Force, m = mass, a = acceleration.
Q3. State Newton's Third Law of Motion.
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. The action and reaction forces act on two
different objects simultaneously.
Q4. What is inertia? Give its types.
Inertia is the tendency of an object to resist any change in its state of rest or uniform motion. Types: (i)
Inertia of rest – resistance to change from rest. (ii) Inertia of motion – resistance to change from motion.
(iii) Inertia of direction – resistance to change in direction.
Q5. Define momentum and give its SI unit.
Momentum is the product of the mass and velocity of a body. p = m × v. SI unit is kilogram metre per
second (kg m/s). It is a vector quantity.
Q6. What is the law of conservation of momentum?
The total momentum of an isolated system (no external force) remains constant before and after collision.
If m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2v2, the total initial momentum equals total final momentum.
Q7. A force of 10 N acts on a body of mass 2 kg. Find the acceleration.
Using F = ma → a = F/m = 10/2 = 5 m/s². The acceleration of the body is 5 m/s².
Q8. Why do passengers jerk forward when a moving bus suddenly stops?
Due to inertia of motion, the passengers' bodies tend to remain in motion even when the bus suddenly
stops, causing them to jerk forward. This is an example of Newton's First Law.
CHEMISTRY — Is Matter Around Us Pure?
■ Important Full Forms
Abbreviation Full Form
RO Reverse Osmosis
TDS Total Dissolved Solids
BP Boiling Point
MP Melting Point
NaCl Sodium Chloride (common salt)
H2O Water (dihydrogen monoxide)
CO2 Carbon Dioxide
AuNPs Gold Nanoparticles (colloidal)
■ MCQs — Is Matter Around Us Pure?
Q1. A mixture of salt and water is an example of:
(a) Compound
(b) Element
(c) Homogeneous mixture
(d) Heterogeneous mixture
Ans: (c) Homogeneous mixture
Q2. The process used to separate two miscible liquids is:
(a) Filtration
(b) Distillation
(c) Crystallisation
(d) Sublimation
Ans: (b) Distillation
Q3. Tyndall effect is shown by:
(a) True solutions
(b) Compounds
(c) Colloidal solutions
(d) Suspensions only
Ans: (c) Colloidal solutions
Q4. Which of the following is a pure substance?
(a) Air
(b) Milk
(c) Copper
(d) Sea water
Ans: (c) Copper
Q5. Which technique is used to separate coloured components of a mixture?
(a) Distillation
(b) Sublimation
(c) Chromatography
(d) Crystallisation
Ans: (c) Chromatography
Q6. An element is made of:
(a) Only one kind of atoms
(b) Two kinds of atoms
(c) Multiple compounds
(d) Mixtures
Ans: (a) Only one kind of atoms
■ Short Answer Questions — Is Matter Around Us Pure?
Q1. Distinguish between a mixture and a compound.
Mixture: Components retain properties, variable composition, separated by physical methods, no energy
change. Compound: New properties formed, fixed composition, separated by chemical methods, energy
change occurs. Example – Air is a mixture; Water (H2O) is a compound.
Q2. What is the Tyndall effect?
The scattering of a beam of light by colloidal particles is called the Tyndall effect. It is used to distinguish
colloids from true solutions. Example: When sunlight passes through a smoky room, the path of light is
visible due to Tyndall effect.
Q3. Define: (a) Solute (b) Solvent (c) Solution
(a) Solute: The substance that is dissolved in a solution (present in lesser quantity). (b) Solvent: The
substance that dissolves the solute (present in greater quantity). (c) Solution: A homogeneous mixture of
a solute and a solvent.
Q4. What is crystallisation? Give one example.
Crystallisation is a process of obtaining pure solid crystals from a solution by slow evaporation. It gives
purer substances than simple evaporation. Example: Purification of impure copper sulphate crystals.
Q5. What are the differences between a solution, colloid, and suspension?
Solution: Homogeneous, particle size <1 nm, transparent, stable. Colloid: Heterogeneous, particle size
1-100 nm, translucent, stable, shows Tyndall effect. Suspension: Heterogeneous, particle size >100 nm,
opaque, unstable, particles settle.
Q6. What is sublimation? Name two substances that sublime.
Sublimation is the process by which a solid directly converts into vapour without passing through the
liquid state on heating, and the vapour solidifies on cooling. Examples: Ammonium chloride, Camphor,
Naphthalene, Iodine.
BIOLOGY — Cell: The Fundamental Unit of Life
Focus: Mitochondria | Endoplasmic Reticulum | Lysosomes | Golgi Apparatus | Ribosomes
■ Important Full Forms
Abbreviation Full Form
ER Endoplasmic Reticulum
SER Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
RER Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
ATP Adenosine Triphosphate
DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid
RNA Ribonucleic Acid
mRNA Messenger Ribonucleic Acid
rRNA Ribosomal Ribonucleic Acid
tRNA Transfer Ribonucleic Acid
ADP Adenosine Diphosphate
GERL Golgi-Endoplasmic Reticulum-Lysosomes
■ MCQs — Cell Organelles
Q1. Mitochondria is known as the:
(a) Brain of the cell
(b) Powerhouse of the cell
(c) Kitchen of the cell
(d) Suicide bag of the cell
Ans: (b) Powerhouse of the cell
Q2. Which organelle is called the 'suicide bag' of the cell?
(a) Mitochondria
(b) Golgi apparatus
(c) Lysosomes
(d) Ribosomes
Ans: (c) Lysosomes
Q3. Ribosomes are the site of:
(a) Lipid synthesis
(b) Protein synthesis
(c) DNA replication
(d) Photosynthesis
Ans: (b) Protein synthesis
Q4. The Golgi apparatus was discovered by:
(a) Robert Hooke
(b) Camillo Golgi
(c) Schleiden
(d) Virchow
Ans: (b) Camillo Golgi
Q5. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) has ___ attached to its surface:
(a) Mitochondria
(b) Lysosomes
(c) Ribosomes
(d) Golgi bodies
Ans: (c) Ribosomes
Q6. Mitochondria has its own DNA and ribosomes, which shows it is:
(a) Dependent on nucleus
(b) Semi-autonomous
(c) Fully autonomous
(d) Non-functional
Ans: (b) Semi-autonomous
Q7. Lysosomes are formed by:
(a) Mitochondria
(b) Nucleus
(c) Golgi apparatus
(d) Endoplasmic Reticulum alone
Ans: (c) Golgi apparatus
Q8. Which organelle is responsible for the transport of materials within the cell?
(a) Mitochondria
(b) Ribosome
(c) Endoplasmic Reticulum
(d) Lysosome
Ans: (c) Endoplasmic Reticulum
■ Short Answer Questions — Cell Organelles
Q1. Why is mitochondria called the 'powerhouse of the cell'?
Mitochondria is called the powerhouse of the cell because it produces energy in the form of ATP
(Adenosine Triphosphate) through the process of cellular respiration. This energy is used for all cellular
activities. Mitochondria have a double membrane — the inner membrane is folded into cristae, which
increases surface area for energy production.
Q2. What are lysosomes? Why are they called 'suicide bags'?
Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles containing powerful digestive (hydrolytic) enzymes. They
are called 'suicide bags' because when a cell is damaged or worn out, the lysosomes burst and release
their enzymes, which digest the entire cell (autolysis). This self-destruction helps in cell renewal and
immune responses.
Q3. Differentiate between SER and RER.
SER (Smooth ER): No ribosomes on surface, involved in lipid and steroid synthesis, detoxification. RER
(Rough ER): Ribosomes attached on surface, involved in protein synthesis, gives a rough appearance
under electron microscope. RER is connected to the nuclear envelope; SER connects to the cell
membrane.
Q4. What are the functions of the Golgi apparatus?
Functions of Golgi Apparatus: (i) Packaging and dispatching proteins and lipids synthesized in the ER. (ii)
Formation of lysosomes. (iii) Formation of secretory vesicles. (iv) Synthesis of cell wall polysaccharides in
plants. (v) Acts as the 'post office' of the cell — modifies, sorts, and ships cell products.
Q5. What are ribosomes? Where are they found?
Ribosomes are tiny, non-membrane-bound organelles made of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins.
They are the sites of protein synthesis. Found: (i) Free in the cytoplasm — synthesize proteins used
inside the cell. (ii) Attached to RER — synthesize proteins for export. In prokaryotes, ribosomes are 70S;
in eukaryotes, they are 80S.
Q6. What is the role of the Endoplasmic Reticulum in the cell?
The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) serves as: (i) An internal transport system — carries materials between
different parts of the cell. (ii) RER produces proteins with the help of ribosomes. (iii) SER synthesizes
lipids, fats, and steroids. (iv) Provides a large surface area for metabolic reactions. (v) Forms the nuclear
envelope and connects nucleus to cell membrane.
Q7. How does a lysosome carry out autophagy?
Autophagy is the process by which a cell digests its own old, damaged, or non-functional organelles. The
lysosome engulfs the organelle by forming an autophagic vacuole and releases its hydrolytic enzymes
inside it. These enzymes break down the contents, which are then recycled by the cell for building new
structures.
Q8. State any three functions of mitochondria.
(i) Energy production: Carries out cellular respiration to produce ATP for cellular activities. (ii) Heat
production: Generates heat to maintain body temperature. (iii) Calcium storage: Stores calcium ions
needed for muscle contraction and cell signalling. Note: Mitochondria has its own DNA and reproduces
by division, which is why it is called a semi-autonomous organelle.
■ All questions are based on NCERT Class 9 Science syllabus. Prepared for exam revision.