Strings
• String is a sequence of characters.
• String may contain alphabets, numbers and special characters.
• Usually strings are enclosed within a single quotes and double
quotes.
• Strings is immutable in nature.
Inbuilt String functions
• Python mainly contains 3 inbuilt string functions.
• They are
– len()
– max()
– min()
• len()- Find out the length of characters in string
• min()- Smallest value in a string based on ASCII values
• max()- Largest value in a string based on ASCII values
What is A SCIIvalues 4
Problem Solving and Python
Programming
Example for Inbuilt string functions
name=input("Enter Your name:")
print("Welcome",name)
print("Length of your name:",len(name))
print("Maximum value of chararacter in your name", max(name))
print("Minimum value of character in your name",min(name))
OUTPUT
Enter Your name:PRABHAKARAN
Welcome PRABHAKARAN
Length of your name: 11
Maximum value of chararacter in your name R
Minimum value of character in your nameA
Strings Concatenation
• The + operator used for string concatenation.
Example:
a=“Hai”
b=“how are you”
c=a+b
print(c)
Operators on String
• The Concatenate strings with the “*” operator
can create multiple concatenated copies.
• Example:
>>> print("Python"*10)
PythonPythonPythonPythonPythonPython
PythonPythonPythonPython
String Slicing
• Slicing operation is used to return/select/slice
the particular substring based on user
requirements.
• A segment of string is called slice.
• Syntax: string_variablename [ start:end]
String Slice example
s=“Hello”
H e l l o
0 1 2 3 4
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1
Strings are immutable
• Strings are immutable character sets.
• Once a string is generated, you cannot change
any character within the string.
String Comparision
• We can compare two strings using comparision
operators such as ==, !=, <,<=,>, >=
• Python compares strings based on their
corresponding ASCII values.
Example of string comparision
str1="green"
str2="black"
print("Is both Equal:", str1==str2)
print("Is str1> str2:", str1>str2)
OUTPUT:
print("Is str1< str2:", str1<str2) Is both Equal:
False Is str1>
str2: True Is
str1< str2: False
String formatting operator
• String formatting operator % is unique to strings.
• Example:
print("My name is %s and i secured %d marks in
python” % ("ABC",92))
• Output:
My name is ABC and i secured 92 marks in python
String functions and methods
len() min() max() isalnum() isalpha()
isdigit() islower() isuppe() isspace() isidentifier()
endswith() startswith() find() count() capitalize()
title() lower() upper() swapcase() replace()
center() ljust() rjust() center() isstrip()
rstrip() strip()
i) Converting stringfunctions
captitalize() Only First character capitalized
lower() All character converted to lowercase
upper() All character converted to uppercase
title() First character capitalized in each word
swapcase() Lower case letters are converted to
Uppercase and Uppercase letters are
converted to Lowercase
replace(old,new) Replaces old string with nre string
Program:
str=input("Enter any string:")
print("String Capitalized:", [Link]())
print("String lower case:", [Link]())
print("String upper case:", [Link]())
print("String title case:", [Link]())
print("String swap case:", [Link]())
print("String replace case:",[Link]("python","python programming"))
Output:
Enter any string: Welcome to python String Capitalized: Welcome
to python String lower case: welcome to python String upper
case: WELCOME TO PYTHON String title case: Welcome To
Python String swap case: wELCOME TO PYTHON
String replace case: Welcome to python programming
ii)Formatting String functions
center(width) Returns a string centered in a field of given width
ljust(width) Returns a string left justified in a field of given width
rjust(width) Returns a string right justified in a field of given width
format(items) Formats a string
Program: 19
a=input("Enter any string:")
print("Center alignment:", [Link](20))
print("Left alignment:", [Link](20))
print("Right alignment:", [Link](20))
Output
:
iii) Removing whitespace characters
Returns a string with
lstrip() leading whitespace
characters removed
Returns a string with
trailing whitespace
rstrip() characters removed
Returns a string with
leading and trailing
strip() whitespace characters
removed
Program 21
a=input("Enter any string:")
print("Left space trim:",[Link]())
print("Right space trim:",[Link]())
print("Left and right trim:",[Link]())
Output
:
iv) Testing String/Character
Returns true if all characters in string are alphanumeric and there is
isalnum()
atleast one character
Returns true if all characters in string are alphabetic
isalpha()
Returns true if string contains only number character
isdigit()
Returns true if all characters in string are lowercase letters
islower()
Returns true if all characters in string are uppercase letters
isupper()
isspace() Returns true if string contains only whitespace characters.
Problem Solving and Python Programming
2
Program
a=input("Enter any string:")
print("Alphanumeric:",[Link]())
print("Alphabetic:",[Link]())
print("Digits:",[Link]()) Output
:
print("Lowecase:",[Link]())
print("Upper:",[Link]())
v) Searchingfor substring
Endswith() Returns true if the strings ends with the substring
Returns true if the strings starts with the substring
Startswith()
Returns the lowest index or -1 if substring not found
Find()
Count() Returns the number of occurrences of substring
Program
a=input("Enter any string:")
print("Is string ends with thon:", [Link]("thon"))
print("Is string starts with good:", [Link]("good"))
print("Find:", [Link]("ython"))
print("Count:", [Link](“o"))
String Modules
• String module contains a number of functions to
process standard Python strings
• Mostly used string modules:
[Link]()
[Link]()
[Link]()
[Link]()
[Link]()
[Link]()
[Link]()
Example
import string
text="Monty Python Flying Circus"
print("Upper:", [Link](text))
print("Lower:", [Link](text))
print("Split:", [Link](text))
print("Join:", [Link]([Link](test),"+"))
print("Replace:", [Link](text,"Python", "Java"))
print("Find:", [Link](text,"Python"))
print("Count", [Link](text,"n"))
Output
Upper: “MONTY PYTHON FLYING CIRCUS”
Lower: “monty python flying circus”
Split: ["Monty‟, "Python‟, "Flying‟,”circus”]
Join : Monty+Python+Flying+Circus
Replace: Monty Java Flying Circus
Find: 7
Count: 3