Python is a general-purpose, dynamically typed, high-level, compiled and
interpreted, garbage-collected, and purely object-oriented programming language
that supports procedural, object-oriented, and functional programming.
Features of Python:
1. **General-purpose**: Python is designed to be used for a wide variety of
applications and tasks, from web development to scientific computing, to
automation and scripting.
2. **Dynamically typed**: In Python, you don't need to specify the data type of a
variable when you declare it. Python automatically handles the types for you.
4. **Compiled and interpreted**: Python code is first compiled into intermediate
bytecode, which is then interpreted by the Python interpreter. This makes Python
versatile and easy to use across different platforms.
5. **Garbage-collected**: Python has automatic memory management. It
automatically handles memory allocation and deallocation for you, which
simplifies memory management for developers.
6. **Purely object-oriented**: Python supports object-oriented programming
(OOP) paradigm. However, unlike languages like Java, it also supports procedural
and functional programming paradigms.
7. **Supports procedural, object-oriented, and functional programming**: Python
is versatile in terms of programming paradigms. You can write code in a procedural
style (using functions), an object-oriented style (defining classes and objects), or a
functional style (using functions as first-class objects).
3. Applications of Python:
Python is versatile and widely used in various domains, including:
● Web Development: Frameworks like Django and Flask are popular for
building web applications.
● Data Science and Machine Learning: Libraries like NumPy, Pandas,
SciPy, and scikit-learn are widely used in data analysis and machine
learning.
● Game Development: Python can be used for game development with
libraries like Pygame.
● Desktop GUI: Libraries like Tkinter and PyQt allow developers to create
desktop applications.
● Embedded Systems: Python is used for programming embedded systems
and IoT devices.
Variables
Variables are containers for storing data values.
age = 25 # Integer variable
height = 5.9 # Float variable
grade = 'A' # String variable (since Python doesn't have a separate char type)
name = "Alice" # String variable
Variable Names
● A variable name must start with a letter or the underscore character
● A variable name cannot start with a number
● A variable name can only contain alpha-numeric characters and underscores
(A-z, 0-9, and _ )
● Variable names are case-sensitive (age, Age and AGE are three different
variables)
1. Numbers: Represents numeric data to perform mathematical operations.
Numbers can be integers (like 1 and 2), floats (like 1.1 and 1.2), fractions (like 1/2
and 2/3), or even complex numbers.
2. String: Represents text characters, special symbols or alphanumeric data. String
is a sequence of Unicode characters.
x = "Hello World"
3. List: Represents sequential data that the programmer wishes to sort, merge etc.
x = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
4. Tuple: Represents sequential data with a little difference from list.
x = ("apple", "banana", "cherry")
5. Dictionary: Represents a collection of data that associate a unique key with each
Value.
x = {"name" : "John", "age" : 36}
6. Boolean: Represents truth values (true or false).
>>> size = 1
>>> size < 0
False
7. Set: Set is an unordered collection of unique data items.
x = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}