LIFE AND

WORKS OF
JOSE RIZAL
Khimverly Anne N. Cruz, LPT
 Objectives:
• Analyze the factors that led to Rizal's
execution
• Analyze the effects of Rizal's execution
on Spanish colonial rule and the
Philippine Revolution
MIDTERM
MODULE 1
 Subject Overview:
• RIZAL’S ROMANCES
• RIZAL’S EXILE, TRIAL AND DEATH
PART 1
• Knowing about Rizal’s love life allows us
to see him not only as a hero in history
books but as a real person who
experienced the same emotions and
struggles that people face today.
• SINING
• PANITIKAN
• MEDISINA
• KABAYANIHAN at iba
pa
 CHICK BOY
BABAERO
PLAYBOY

WOMANIZER HOKAGE

MR. SUAVE

PAMBANSANG BOLERO
F*CKBOI
 QUESTION:
Do you believe love can affect a person’s
decisions and life path? In what ways?
 RIZAL
ROMANCES
SEGUNDA KATIGBAK
• A girl from a wealthy clan
in Lipa
• She was Rizal’s puppy
love at age 16.
• Unang pag-ibig
HOW DID IT ENDED?
• Segunda was already engaged to her
town mate, Manuel Luz.
Rizal was involved with two different women
named Leonor at the same time during his
early medical studies in Manila
LEONOR VALENZUELA
• Daughter of Rizal’s
landlady in Manila.
• Interesting Fact: Rizal
used invisible ink (lemon
juice) in his letters to her!
 LEONOR RIVERA
• Rizal’s greatest love and
long-time sweetheart.
• Relationship lasted about
11 years.
• Her mother hid Rizal’s
letters.
• She married Henry Kipping
(a British engineer).
CONSUELO ORTIGA Y REY
• A Spanish mestiza from a
wealthy family in Madrid.
• Rizal admired her beauty
and intelligence.
• He stopped pursuing her
out of respect for his friend
Eduardo de Lete.
 SEIKO USUI
• O SEI SAN
• A Japanese woman Rizal
met in Yokohama.
• Rizal considered settling in
Japan.
• He admired her loyalty and
simplicity.
• He left Japan for political
reasons.
 GERTRUDE BECKETT
• Daughter of Rizal’s landlady
in London.
• She reportedly fell deeply in
love with Rizal.
• Rizal did not reciprocate
strongly.
• He avoided hurting her
feelings.
 SUZANNE JACOBY
• A Belgian woman Rizal
met in Brussels.
• She reportedly fell in love
with Rizal.
• Rizal left Belgium soon
after.
 AUNT
SUZANNE
REBOUND
 NELLIE BOUSTED
• A wealthy Filipina-French
mestiza in Paris.
• Rizal almost proposed to her.
• Marriage did not happen due
to religious differences.
• Rizal refused to convert to
Protestantism.
JOSEPHINE BRACKEN
• It’s yo gurl!
• Kilala na natin ‘to
JOSEPHINE BRACKEN
• An Irish woman who
came to Dapitan with
her stepfather.
JOSEPHINE BRACKEN
• Rizal and Josephine
lived together in Dapitan.
• They reportedly
attempted to marry.
• She was with him before
his execution.
• Jose Rizal's son with his
common-law wife, Josephine
Bracken, was named
Francisco Rizal y Bracken.
The baby was born
prematurely in Dapitan in
early 1896 and lived for only
a few hours after birth.
 Question:
After learning about the women in Rizal’s
life, what do his relationships reveal about
his personality as a man, not just as a
hero?
 Part 1

RIZAL'S LIFE:
EXILE, TRIAL, AND
DEATH
 EXILE
RIZAL’S LIFE IN DAPITAN
FROM 1892 TO 1896
Rizal's friends and relatives warned him
against returning to the Philippines.
But despite their warnings, Rizal, firmly
believing that the battlefield was in the
Philippines, sailed to Manila on June 21, 1892,
with his sister Lucia.
 RIZAL’S EXILE
• Jose Rizal’s arrival in Manila on June 26,
1892 had become very sensational among
the Filipinos. His popularity feared the
Spaniards, and such paid careful attention
to his every move−all houses where he had
been were searched and the Filipinos seen
his company were suspected.
 RIZAL’S EXILE
• As he had planned, on July 3, 1892
he founded LA LIGA FILIPINA in
the house of Doroteo Ongjunco in
Tondo, Manila.
Together, they founded La Liga Filipina,
which means "The Filipino League."
 La Liga Filipina
• Motto: Unus Instar Omnimium (One Like
All)
• All Filipinos who have the welfare of their
country and their fellowmen were
qualified for membership.
• Membership fee: 10 centavos
 Rizal and his sister were
greeted by carabiniers and a
major upon arrival in Manila.
Their luggage were
inspected at the customs
house.
A package of "seditious paper“ satirizing wealthy
Dominican friars was confiscated and brought to
the attention of Governor-General Despujol.
Rizal denied that the leaflets belonged to him or his sister
but was arrested anyway and escorted to Fort Santiago.
Manila newspapers published the Governor General's
decree, outlining four charges that led to Rizal's exile.
 RIZAL’S EXILE
• Four days after the civic
organization’s foundation, Jose
Rizal was arrested by the
Spanish authorities on four
grounds:
1. For publishing anti-Catholic and anti-friar books and
articles;
2. For having in possession, a bundle of handbills, the Pobres
Frailes, in which advocacies were in violation of the Spanish
orders;
3. For dedicating his novel El Filibusterismo to the three
martyrs (GOMBURZA) and emphasizing on the novel’s title
page that “the only salvation for the Philippines was
separation from the mother country; and
4. For simply criticizing the religion and aiming for its
exclusion from the Filipino culture
 Now that Rizal is gone, La Liga Filipina
became inactive and began to fell apart.
Sure, the island sounds like a
paradise…
…but it was remote and unfamiliar, far from the
civilization to which Rizal was accustomed.
From 1892 to1896,Rizal lived in exile in
Dapitan, a remote town in Mindanao.

Why Dapitan? Well, it was

inaccessible, underdeveloped,
and under the control of the
Jesuits, who hoped to reform
his Catholic faith.
 RIZAL’S EXILE IN DAPITAN
• July 17, 1892- Rizal, together with his
guard Captain Ricardo Carnicero, arrived
in Dapitan.
• Rizal was given a choice to live in the
house of the Parish Priest−Fr. Antonipo
Obach or at Carnicero’s house.
 RIZAL’S EXILE IN DAPITAN
• He could live in the Priest’s quarters only
if:
He publicly retracted his Masonic and
antichurch beliefs
He regularly participate in church rites
He conduct himself as a good Spanish
subject and a man of religion.
Captain Carnicero Fr. Obach
• Rizal and Captain Carnicero became
good friends.
• Rizal made a poem in honor of Don
Ricardo Carnicero’s birthday on August
26, 1892
Before we talk about his life in Dapitan,
we should first talk about his lottery win.
Rizal was a teetotaler and non-smoker,
but he had a fondness for the lottery.
Note: Zaide said it, not
me!
 Months after being exiled to Dapitan, Rizal,
along with two other people, bought a lottery
ticket, winning the second prize of P20,000.
 Their combined winnings were divided,
leaving Rizal with a substantial sum of P6,200.

Lottery Ticket Number: 9736

 Instead of losing hope in life, Rizal transformed
his exile into a period of meaningful contribution.
On his purchased land, he built a house, established
a farm, set up a school, and even opened a clinic.
 Rizal also discovered new species of
animals, which were named after him.

Flying Lizard A flying beetle A tree frog

 Rizal's medical profession also
led to a remarkable encounter.
Josephine, an 18-year-old Irish woman, was
likely captivated by Rizal's intellect, charm,
and wit, and fell deeply in love with him.
 Rizal, in turn, was smitten by
Josephine's beauty and eagerness.
 After just one month of romance, they
expressed their desire to marry each other.
 Life in Talisay
• Rizal and Josephine tried to have
themselves married in Catholic rites but
Fr. Obach required Rizal retract his
beliefs.
• Rizal’s relatives and friends looked at
Josephine with suspicion.
Rizal’s exile in Dapitan coincided with the
growing revolutionary movement against
Spanish rule.
 While attempts were made to reorganize Rizal's
organization, the La Liga Filipina ultimately split into
two groups:

Conservatives (peaceful; Radicals

advocate reforms) (Waaaaaahhhh!)
To inform Rizal of Katipunan's founding and
planned revolution, Pio Valenzuela and
Raymundo Mata visited him in Dapitan.
However, Rizal declined the offer
and stated that the people were
not ready for a revolution.

NO
 QUESTION:

Why did Rizal object? Do you

agree with Jose Rizal that the
Philippines was not yet ready for a
revolution? Why or why not?
 The End of Dapitan Exile

• When Cuba was under

revolution and epidemic,
Rizal wrote to Governor
General Ramon Blanco
offering his service as a
military doctor.
• Gov. General Ramon Blanco
approved the request of Rizal
on July 1, 1896
• At midnight of that day, he left aboard the
steamer Espana (Ship).
• The townspeople of Dapitan wept
because they considered Rizal as a
good son and neighbor.
• August 6, 1896 – Rizal was not able to
leave immediately for spain since the
vessel Isla de Luzon already left.
• He was transferred to Spanish cruiser
Castilla and stayed there for a month
August 6 to September 2, 1896
• At that time, Katipunan was already
discovered and the Philippine Revolution
was already raging.
• August 26, 1896 – Bonifacio and
Katipunan raised the Cry of Revolution
(Sigaw ng Pugadlawin)
• In the afternoon, Governor General
Blanco proclaimed a state of war in the
first eight provinces for rising arms
Spain.
• Rizal received letters from Governor
General Blanco which absolved him from
all the blame for the raging revolution.
• He transferred to Isla de Panay which
was sailing for Barcelona, Spain
TRIAL
ARREST AND TRIAL
 ARREST AND TRIAL
• September 30 – the Isla de Panay had
already sailed past Port Said in Egypt and
was now sailing in the Mediterranean
• A telegraphic message was received ordering
that Rizal be placed under arrest.
• Bernardino Nozaleda – Archbishop of Manila
who clamored for the arrest of Rizal who was
said to be spirit of Philippine Revolution.
 ARREST AND TRIAL
• October 3 – the Isla de Panay arrived in
Barcelona and Rizal was sent to a prison-
fortress, Montjuich Castle
• Rizal’s interview with Despujol he would be
shipped back to Manila.
• On the night of the same day, after the
interview, Rizal was taken aboard the Colon
which was loaded with Spanish troops sailed
for Manila.
• Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor and
Sixto Lopez – they exerted all
their efforts to find a lawyer in
Singapore who could aid their
friend.
• Attorney Hugh Fort – an
English lawyer in Singapore.
• Unfortunately, Chief Justice
Lionel, the judge in Singapore
denied the request.
• Writ of Habeas corpus
• November 3, 1896 – the Colon arrived in
Manila Bay and Rizal was taken to Fort
Santiago
• November 20, 1896 – Rizal was brought
before a Spanish military tribunal headed
by Colonel Francisco Olive
• Oral testimonies were taken and were
used to implicate Rizal in the Philippine
Revolution
Rizal was charged with three crimes:
• Rebellion – fighting against the
government.
• Sedition – encouraging people to oppose
the government.
• Illegal association – joining or creating a
group that the government says is illegal.
• December 13 – the case was forwarded
to Governor General Camilo de Polavieja
• Rizal’s actual trial began on December
26, 1896 and it was held at the Hall of
Banners of the Cuartel de Espana in Fort
Santiago.
• Defending himself, Rizal presented
twelve arguments.

• The court judged Rizal guilty for the

charges and voted for the death penalty.
• December 28, 1896 – Governor General
Polavieja signed Rizal’s death warrant
ordering him to be shot at 7:00 o’clock in
the morning at Bagumbayan.

• Rizal signed it saying that he was

innocent.
 Rizal’s Final Days
• Rizal was transferred to prison chapel
• Visitors:
 Fr. Miguel Sedarra Mata – Rector of the Ateneo Municipal
 Fr. Luis Viza- brought the image of the Sacred Heart of
Jesus
 Fr. Antonio Rosell – he ate breakfast with Rizal
 Lt. Taviel de Andrade – also arrived and Rizal thanked him
for his gallant services. (his lawyer)
 Fr. Balaguer – he remained with Rizal around noon
 Rizal’s mother and sisters arrived
 Rizal’s Final Day
• Rizal gave an alcohol
stove to Trinidad which
was a gift from Pardo
de Tavera and
whispered to her in
English “There is
something inside”
• December 30, at 5:00 am Rizal had his last
breakfast, autographed his remaining
books which became his last souvenirs.
• Fr. Balaguer – he performed the marriage
rites of Rizal and Josephine
• Rizal gave a book to Josephine, Imitacion
de Cristo by Thomas Kempis which he
autographed
• Afterwards, he wrote three farewell
letters: to Parents, Dr. Blumentritt and
Paciano
• Around 6:30 am, Rizal was taken from
cell and the march to Bagumbayan
began.
• A colonel took Rizal to the site of his
execution
• Rizal requested the firing squad to spare
his head which was granted
• He also requested to be shot at his front,
but it was denied
DEATH
The Execution
• Dr. Felipe Ruiz Castillo took Rizal’s pulse
and found that it was normal

• Rizal’s last words: “Consummatum

Est!” means “It is finished”
• The commanding officer ordered his men
to aim by means of his saber and there
was a simultaneous crack of gunfire and
Jose Rizal made one last effort to drop
on his back with his face facing the sun.
• The Spanish spectators shouted Viva Espana!
• The military band played Marcha de Cadiz
• Rizal’s body was secretly buried at Paco Cemetery
where later it was traced by his sister. (Narcisa)
• The remains of Rizal’s were cleaned in Higino
Mercado’s house in Binondo and were given to
Dona Teodora.
• His remains were laid to rest inside the Rizal
monument in Luneta.