Basic Science Basic 1 Note
Week 1
Revision
Week 2
HARMFUL SUBSTANCES AND HOW TO AVOID TAKING THEM Meaning of harmful
substances.
Harmful substances are things that can hurt people, animals, or plants if we touch, eat, drink, or
breathe them in.
Examples of harmful substances:
● Dirty water (can make you sick if you drink it)
● Smoke from cars or burning things (can make it hard to breathe)
● Expired or spoiled food (can give you a stomach ache)
● Cleaning liquids (like bleach or soap—never drink or touch them)
● Sharp objects (like broken glass)
How to identify harmful substances:
● If it smells bad or strong, don’t touch or taste it.
● If it has a warning sign or a picture of a skull, it’s dangerous.
● If an adult says “Don’t touch that,” it’s probably harmful.
Week 3
DANGERS OF TAKING HARMFUL SUBSTANCES INTO THE BODY
Using harmful substances or abusing drugs can seriously hurt your body and mind. It can cause
problems like:
● Feeling very sick or weak
● Trouble thinking clearly or remembering things
● Getting addicted, which means you feel like you can’t stop
● Problems with family, friends, and school
● Risk of accidents or injuries
It’s super important to stay away from harmful substances and make healthy choices. Using
harmful substances or abusing drugs can seriously hurt your body and mind. It can make you
feel sick, confused, or very tired. It can also stop your brain from working well, making it hard to
think or remember things. Over time, it can cause diseases and even make life dangerous.
Staying away from these substance.
Week 4
HARMFUL AND SHARP OBJECTS
Harmful and sharp objects are things that can hurt you if you’re not careful. Examples include:
Knives or scissors (they can cut skin)
Broken glass (can cause cuts)
Needles or pins (can poke or stab)
Sharp tools like nails or blades
DANGERS OF USING HARMFUL AND SHARP OBJECTS
● They can cut or poke your skin, causing pain and bleeding.
● Sometimes, cuts can get infected if not cleaned properly.
● Sharp objects can cause serious injuries if they hit important parts like eyes or hands.
● Using them carelessly can lead to accidents that might need a doctor.
Always be careful and ask an adult for help when using knives, scissors, or any sharp tools.
Safety first!
Week 5
COMMON PLANTS AND THEIR FRUITS
● Mango tree – gives us mangoes (sweet, juicy fruit, usually green or yellow when ripe)
● Orange tree – gives us oranges (round, orange-colored fruit, very juicy)
● Banana plant – gives us bananas (long, yellow fruit, soft and sweet inside)
● Pawpaw (Papaya) tree – gives us pawpaw (large, oval fruit with orange flesh and black
seeds)
● Guava tree – gives us guava (small, round or oval fruit, green or yellow skin, pink or
white inside)
● Cashew tree – gives us cashew apples (yellow or red fruit) and cashew nut
WEEK 6
THE USES OF PLANTS
Food medicine
A plant is a living thing that usually grows in the ground and makes its own food using sunlight,
water, and air. Plants have roots, stems, and leaves. Some common examples are trees,
grasses, and flowers.
Uses of plants:
● Food: We eat many plants, like rice, yam, beans, and fruits.
● Oxygen: Plants give us oxygen to breathe.
● Medicine: Some plants are used to make medicine, like bitter leaf and neem.
● Shelter: Wood from trees is used to build houses and furniture.
● Clothing: Cotton plants give us cotton for making clothes.
● Shade: Trees give us shade from the hot sun.
● Beauty: Flowers and gardens make our surroundings beautiful.
Plants are very important for people, animals, and the environment!
Week 7
ANIMAL IDENTIFICATION
Domestic animals are animals that people keep at home or on farms. They depend on humans
for food, shelter, and care. Some examples you might see in Nigeria are:
Goats
Cows
Chickens
Dogs
Cats
Wild animals live in nature, like forests, rivers, or grasslands. They find their own food and
shelter and are not cared for by people. Examples you might know are:
Lions
Elephants
Monkeys
Crocodiles
Antelopes
Week 8
IDENTIFYING ANIMALS AND THEIR BABIES. Pig piglet Cat kitten
Goat: A baby goat is called a kid.
Cow: A baby cow is called a calf.
Dog: Baby is called a puppy.
Cat: Baby is called a kitten.
Chicken: Baby is called a chick.
Sheep: Baby is called a lamb.
Horse: Baby is called a foal.
Pig: Baby is called a piglet.
Week 9
Technology is the use of tools, machines, and knowledge to solve problems and make life
easier.
Benefits of technology to humans include:
Improves communication: We can talk to people anywhere in the world quickly.
Makes work easier: Machines help us do jobs faster and with less effort.
Advances medicine: Technology helps doctors treat illnesses and save lives.
Enhances learning: We can access information and learn new things easily.
Increases comfort: Technology provides us with electricity, transportation, and entertainment.
Technology helps improve many parts of our daily life.
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Week 10:
Beaker: A glass or plastic container used for mixing and heating liquids.
Test tube: A small glass tube used to hold small amounts of substances for experiments.
Bunsen burner: A small gas burner used for heating things.
Measuring cylinder: A tall, narrow container used to measure liquids accurately.
Microscope: A tool that makes tiny things look bigger so you can see them clearly.
Thermometer: Used to measure temperature.
Tripod stand: A three-legged stand used to hold equipment above a flame.
Funnel: Used to pour liquids into containers without spilling.
Petri dish: A shallow dish used to grow bacteria or observe small things.