MODULE1CONSTI

TUTI
ON

WHATI
SACONSTI
TUTI
ON?

Const
it
uti
oni
sasetofl
awsandr
ulest
osetupamachi
ner
yoft
hegov
ernment
.These
ar
ethebasi
crul
esal
l
owedf
ormi
nimalcoor
dinat
ionamongstmember
sofasoci
ety
.It
speci
fi
eswhohast
hepowert
omakedeci
sionsi
nasoci
ety
.Itspeci
fi
est
hebasi
c
al
l
ocat
ionofpoweri
nasoci
ety
.Itset
ssomel
i
mit
sonwhatagov
ernmentcani
mpose
oni
tsci
ti
zens.

A const
it
uentassembl
ywas f
ormed af
terI
ndependence f
ort
he pr
epar
ati
on ofa
const
it
uti
onf
ori
ndependentI
ndi
[Link]
y26,
1950,t
heconst
it
uti
onofI
ndi
acame
i
ntobei
[Link]
er,v
ari
ousf
eat
uresoft
heI
ndi
anConst
it
uti
onandpol
i
tyhav
ethei
r
r
oot
sint
heBr
it
ishr
ule.

WHATARETHESALI
ENTFEATURESOFI
NDI
ANCONSTI
TUTI
ON?

TheI
ndi
anConst
it
uti
oni
suni
quei
nit
scont
ent
sandspi
ri
[Link]
rowedf
rom
al
mostev
eryconst
it
uti
onoft
hewor
ld,t
heconst
it
uti
onofI
ndi
ahassev
eralsal
i
ent
f
eat
urest
hatdi
sti
ngui
shi
tfr
om t
heconst
it
uti
onofot
hercount
ri
es.

[Link]
hiestwr
it
tenconst
it
uti
on.

Theconst
it
uti
onofI
ndi
aist
hel
engt
hiestofal
lthewr
it
tenconst
it
uti
onoft
hewor
ld.
Theconst
it
uti
oncont
ainsnotonl
ythef
undament
alpr
inci
plesofgov
ernancebutal
so
det
ail
edadmi
nist
rat
ivepr
ovi
sions.

[Link]
awnf
rom Var
ioussour
ces.

TheI
ndi
anconst
it
uti
oni
sabor
rowedconst
it
uti
[Link]
chmeanst
heconst
it
uti
onof
I
ndi
a hasbor
rowed mostofi
tspr
ovi
sionsf
rom t
heconst
it
uti
on ofv
ari
ousot
her
count
ri
[Link]
ethepr
ovi
sionsoff
undament
alr
ight
sandDi
rect
ivepr
inci
plesof
st
atepol
i
cyder
ivet
hei
rinspi
rat
ionf
rom Amer
icanconst
it
uti
onandI
ri
shconst
it
uti
on
r
espect
ivel
[Link]
li
ament
aryf
orm ofgov
ernmenthav
ebeenl
argel
ydr
awnf
rom t
he
Br
it
ishConst
it
uti
on.
[Link]
endofr
igi
dit
yandf
lexi
bil
it
y

Ar
igi
dconst
it
uti
oni
sonet
hatr
equi
resaspeci
alpr
ocedur
efori
tsamendment
.A
f
lexi
bleconst
it
uti
on,
ont
heot
herhandi
sonet
hatcanbeamendedi
nthesamemanner
ast
heor
dinar
ylawsar
[Link]
it
uti
onofI
ndi
aisnei
therr
igi
dnorf
lexi
blebuta
sy
nthesi
sofbot
[Link]
ovi
sionscanbeamendedbyaspeci
almaj
ori
tyof
t
hepar
li
amentandsomeot
herpr
ovi
sionscanbeamendedbyasi
mpl
emaj
ori
tyoft
he
par
li
amenti
nthemannerofor
dinar
ylegi
slat
ivepr
ocess.

[Link]
-Feder
al

Theconst
it
uti
onofi
ndi
aest
abl
i
shesaf
eder
alsy
stem ofgov
ernment
.Twogov
ernment
,
di
vi
sionofpower
s,wr
it
tenconst
it
uti
on,supr
emacyoft
heconst
it
uti
on,i
ndependent
j
udi
ciar
yet
[Link]
eexampl
esoff
eder
alf
eat
[Link]
er,t
heI
ndi
anconst
it
uti
onal
so
cont
ainsl
argenumberofuni
tar
yornonf
eder
alf
eat
uresl
i
kest
rongcent
re,si
ngl
e
const
it
uti
on,si
ngl
eci
ti
zenshi
pet
c..
SoI
ndi
anconst
it
uti
onhasbeenv
ari
ousl
ydescr
ibed
asf
eder
ali
nfor
m butuni
tar
yinspi
ri
t.

[Link]
li
ament
aryf
orm ofgov
ernment

Thepar
li
ament
arysy
stem i
sbasedont
hepr
inci
plesofCooper
ati
onandcoor
dinat
ion
bet
weent
hel
egi
slat
iveandexecut
iveor
[Link]
spr
ovi
sionsi
sbor
rowedf
rom t
he
Br
it
ishconst
it
uti
[Link]
it
uti
onest
abl
i
shest
hepar
li
ament
arysy
stem notonl
yat
t
heCent
rebutal
soi
nthest
ates.
Inapar
li
ament
arysy
stem t
her
oleofpr
imemi
nist
er
hasbecomesosi
gni
fi
cantandcr
uci
al.

[Link]
arst
ate

Theconst
it
uti
onofI
ndi
ast
andsf
orasecul
arst
[Link],i
tdoesnotuphol
dany
par
ti
cul
arr
eli
gion ast
heof
fi
cialr
eli
gion oft
heI
ndi
an st
ates. I
ndi
an const
it
uti
on
embodi
est
heposi
ti
veconceptofequalr
espectt
oal
lrel
i
gionsorpr
otect
ingal
lrel
i
gions
equal
l
y.

[Link]
ngl
eCi
ti
zenshi
p

I
nindi
a,al
lci
ti
zensi
rr
espect
iveoft
heSt
atei
nwhi
cht
heyar
ebor
norr
esi
deenj
oyt
he
samepol
i
ticalandci
vi
lri
ght
sofci
ti
zenshi
pal
lov
ert
hecount
ryandnodi
scr
imi
nat
ioni
s
madebet
weent
hem.I
ncount
ri
esl
i
keUSA,
ont
heot
herhand,
eachper
soni
snotonl
ya
ci
ti
zenofUSAbutal
soaci
ti
zenoft
hepar
ti
cul
arst
atet
owhi
chhebel
ongs.
8.I
ndependentbodi
es

TheI
ndi
anconst
it
uti
oni
sment
ionedaboutcer
tai
nindependentbodi
esf
orpar
ti
cul
ar
pur
[Link]
eel
ect
ioncommi
ssi
ont
oensur
efr
eeandf
airel
ect
ions,Uni
on
Publ
i
cSer
viceCommi
ssi
ont
oconductexami
nat
ionsf
orr
ecr
uit
mentt
oal
lIndi
aser
vices.
Compt
rol
l
erandAudi
torGener
alofI
ndi
atoaudi
ttheaccount
soft
heCent
ralandst
ate
gov
ernment
s.

[Link]
ver
salAdul
tFr
anchi
se

Ev
eryci
ti
zenswhoi
snotl
esst
han18y
ear
sofagehasar
ightt
ovot
ewi
thoutany
di
scr
imi
nat
ionofcast
e,r
ace,r
eli
gion,sex,
weal
thet
c..
thi
smakesdemocr
acybr
oad-
based,enhancest
hesel
frespectandpr
est
igeoft
hecommonpeopl
eanduphol
dthe
pr
inci
pleofequal
i
ty.

10.
fundament
alr
ight
sandf
undament
aldut
ies

Par
t3oft
heI
ndi
anConst
it
uti
onguar
ant
eessi
xfundament
alr
ight
stoal
ltheci
ti
zens.
Thef
undament
alr
ight
sar
emeantf
orpr
omot
ingt
hei
deaofpol
i
ticaldemocr
acy
.They
ar
ejust
ici
abl
einnat
ure,t
hati
s,t
heyar
eenf
orceabl
ebyt
hecour
tsf
ort
hei
rvi
olat
ion.
Fundament
aldut
iesser
veasar
emi
ndert
oci
ti
zenst
hatwhi
l
eenj
oyi
ngt
hei
rri
ght
s,t
hey
hav
eal
sot
obequi
teconsci
ousofdut
iest
heyowet
othei
rcount
ry,
thei
rsoci
etyandt
o
t
hei
rfel
l
ow-ci
ti
[Link]
er,
fundament
aldut
iesar
enon-j
ust
ici
abl
einnat
ure.

[Link]
rect
ivepr
inci
plesofst
atepol
icy

Theyar
eenumer
atedi
npar
t4oft
heconst
it
uti
[Link]
emeantf
orpr
omot
ing
t
hei
dealofsoci
alandeconomi
cdemocr
acy
.Theyseekt
oest
abl
i
shawel
far
est
atei
n
I
ndi
[Link]
er,unl
i
ket
heFundament
alr
ight
stheDPSPsar
enonj
ust
ici
abl
einnat
ure,
t
hati
stheyar
enotenf
orceabl
ebyt
hecour
tsf
ort
hei
rvi
olat
ion.
 PREAMBLEOFTHECONSTI
TUTI
ON

ThePr
eambl
eini
tspr
esentf
ormr
eads:

"
We,THE PEOPLE OFI
NDI
A,hav
ing sol
emnl
yresol
ved t
o const
it
uteI
ndi
aint
oa
SOVEREI
GN,SOCI
ALI
STSECULARDEMOCRATI
C REPUBLI
C andt
osecur
etoal
lit
s
ci
ti
zens:

JUSTI
CE,
Soci
al,
Economi
candPol
i
tical
;

LI
BERTYoft
hought
,expr
essi
on,
bel
i
ef,
fai
thandwor
shi
p;

EQUALI
TYofst
atusandofoppor
tuni
ty;
andt
opr
omot
eamongt
hem al
l
;

FRATERNI
TYassur
ingt
hedi
gni
tyoft
hei
ndi
vi
dualandt
heuni
tyandi
ntegr
it
yoft
he
Nat
ion;

I
N OUR CONSTI
TUENT ASSEMBLY t
hist
went
y-si
xth dayofNov
ember
,1949,do
HEREBYADOPT,
ENACTANDGI
VETOOURSELVESTHI
SCONSTI
TUTI
ON"
.

KeyWor
dsI
nThePr
eambl
e

1.
SOVEREI
GN

Thewor
d'sov
erei
gn'meanst
hatI
ndi
aisnotadependentst
atebutanI
ndependent
st
ate.I
tmeanst
hatI
ndi
aisf
reet
oconducti
t'
sownaf
fai
rs(
bot
hint
ernalandext
ernal
).
Bei
ngasov
erei
gncount
ry,I
ndi
acanei
theracqui
reaf
orei
gnt
err
it
oryorcedeapar
tof
i
tst
err
it
oryi
nfav
ourofaf
orei
gnst
ate.

[Link]
ALI
ST

Ther
ear
etwot
ypesofsoci
ali
sm onei
sdemocr
ati
csoci
ali
sm andsecondonei
s
communi
sti
c soci
ali
[Link]
sti
c soci
ali
sm i
nvol
ves t
he nat
ional
i
sat
ion ofal
l
meansofpr
oduct
ionanddi
str
ibut
ionandabol
i
tionofpr
ivat
epr
oper
[Link]
heot
her
handDemocr
ati
csoci
ali
sm meansco-
exi
stenceofbot
hpubl
i
candpr
ivat
esect
orsor
si
mpl
yitmeans'mi
xedeconomy
'.I
ndi
ansoci
ali
sm i
sademocr
ati
csoci
ali
sm nota
Communi
sti
csoci
ali
[Link]
it
uti
onhad asoci
ali
stcont
enti
nthef
ormerof
cer
tai
nDi
rect
ivePr
inci
plesofSt
atePol
i
cy.

[Link]

TheI
ndi
anConst
it
uti
onembodi
est
heposi
ti
veconceptofsecul
ari
sm i
e,al
lrel
i
gionsi
n
ourcount
ryhav
ethesamest
atusandsuppor
tfr
om t
heSt
ate.

[Link]
C

Ther
ear
etwot
ypesofdemocr
acy
.Di
rectdemocr
acyandI
ndi
rectdemocr
acy
.Indi
rect
democr
acy
,thepeopl
eexer
ciset
hei
rsupr
emepowerdi
rect
[Link]
heot
herhandi
n
i
ndi
rectdemocr
acy
,ther
epr
esent
ati
vesel
ect
edbyt
hepeopl
eexer
ciset
hesupr
eme
powerandmakel
awsf
ort
hecount
[Link]
wot
ypesofdemocr
acyhasbeenex
ist
ing
i
nIndi
[Link]
rectdemocr
acy f
orexampl
e Gr
amasabha and I
ndi
rectdemocr
acy f
or
exampl
epar
li
amentandst
atel
egi
slat
ure.

[Link]
C
Democr
ati
ccount
ri
esar
ound t
he wor
ld can be cl
assi
fi
ed i
ntot
wo cat
egor
ies-
monar
chyandRepubl
i
c.I
namonar
chy
,thepostofheadoft
heSt
atei
sher
edi
tar
y,t
hat
i
s,hecomesi
ntoof
fi
cet
hroughsuccessi
[Link],
Bri
tai
n.I
nar
epubl
i
cont
heot
herhand
headoft
heSt
atei
sal
way
sel
ect
ed.I
tmaybedi
rectel
ect
ionori
ndi
rectel
ect
[Link],
USA
andI
ndi
a.I
nUSAt
heheadoft
heSt
atet
hati
sPr
esi
denti
sdi
rect
lyel
ect
edandi
nIndi
a
headoft
heSt
atei
sindi
rect
lyel
ect
ed.

[Link]
CE
I
ndi
anconst
it
uti
onensur
essoci
al,
economi
candpol
i
ticalj
ust
icet
oal
lit
sci
ti
zens.
Soci
alj
ust
icei
mpl
i
esequalt
reat
mentofal
lci
ti
zenswi
thoutanysoci
aldi
scr
imi
nat
ion
basedoncast
e,col
our
,race,
rel
i
gion,
[Link]
cjust
icei
mpl
i
est
henon
di
scr
imi
nat
ion bet
ween peopl
eon t
hebasi
sofeconomi
cfact
orssuch asweal
th,
i
ncomeandpr
oper
[Link]
i
ticalj
ust
icei
mpl
i
est
hatal
lci
ti
zensshoul
dhav
eequalpol
i
tical
r
ight
s,equal
accesst
oal
lpol
i
tical
off
icesandequal
voi
cei
nthegov
ernment
.
 [Link]
BERTY
Thet
erml
i
ber
tymeansf
[Link]
tisabr
oaderconceptt
hanf
[Link]
erm
l
i
ber
tymeanst
heabsenceofr
est
rai
nsont
heact
ivi
ti
esofi
ndi
vi
dual
sandatt
hesame
t
ime pr
ovi
ding oppor
tuni
ti
es f
ort
he dev
elopmentofi
ndi
vi
dualper
sonal
i
[Link]
Pr
eambl
eguar
ant
eest
oal
lci
ti
zensofI
ndi
ali
ber
tyoft
hought
,expr
essi
on,bel
i
ef,f
ait
h
andwor
shi
[Link]
er,
li
ber
tydoesnotmean'
l
icense'
todowhatonel
i
kes,
andhast
obe
enj
oyedwi
thi
nthel
i
mit
ati
onsment
ionedi
ntheconst
it
uti
on.

[Link]
TY
Thet
erm equal
i
tymeanst
heabsenceofspeci
alpr
ivi
l
egest
oanysect
ionoft
he
soci
ety
,andt
hepr
ovi
sionofadequat
eoppor
tuni
ti
esf
oral
lindi
vi
dual
swi
thoutany
di
scr
imi
nat
ion. Ther
e ar
e t
hree di
mensi
ons of equal
i
ty - ci
vi
c, pol
i
tical and
economi
[Link]
vi
cequal
i
tyensur
est
hroughv
ari
ousf
undament
alr
ight
sfr
om ar
ti
cle14t
o
ar
ti
[Link]
ear
etwopr
ovi
sionst
oensur
epol
i
ticalequal
i
[Link],noper
soni
stobe
decl
aredi
nel
i
gibl
efori
ncl
usi
oni
nel
ect
oralr
oll
songr
oundsofr
eli
gion,r
ace,
cast
eor
[Link],uni
ver
salAdul
tsuf
frage.
.ev
ery
,menandwomenabov
etheageof18can
enj
oyequalr
ightt
ovot
eir
respect
iveoft
hei
rsoci
alandeconomi
cfact
[Link]
c
equal
i
tyi
sensur
edt
hroughDi
rect
ivePr
inci
plesofSt
atePol
i
[Link]
eoneoft
he
DPSPSsecur
est
omenandwomenequalr
ightt
oanadequat
emeansofl
i
vel
i
hoodand
equal
payf
orequal
wor
k.

[Link]
TY
Fr
ater
nit
ymeansasenseofbr
other
[Link]
it
uti
onpr
omot
est
hisf
eel
i
ngof
Fr
ater
nit
ybyt
hesy
stem ofsi
ngl
eci
ti
zenshi
p.I
ntheFundament
alDut
ies,oneoft
he
f
undament
aldut
ythatev
eryci
ti
zenshoul
ddoi
stopr
omot
ehar
monyandt
hespi
ri
tof
commonbr
other
hoodamongstal
lthepeopl
eofI
ndi
a.
 Component
sofPr
eambl
e

[Link]
ceofaut
hor
it
yoft
heconst
it
uti
on:ThePr
eambl
est
atest
hatt
heconst
it
uti
on
der
ivesi
t'
saut
hor
it
yfr
om t
hepeopl
eofI
ndi
a.
[Link]
ureoft
hest
ate:Const
it
uti
ondecl
arest
hatI
ndi
aist
obeasov
erei
gn,soci
ali
st,
secul
ardemocr
ati
candr
epubl
i
cancount
ry.
[Link]
ect
ivesoft
heConst
it
uti
on:Obj
ect
iveofourconst
it
uti
oni
stoensur
ejust
ice,
l
i
ber
ty,
equal
i
tyandFr
ater
nit
ytoal
li
tsci
ti
zens.
4.
Dat
eofadopt
ionoft
heconst
it
uti
on:I
tment
ionedt
haton26t
hofNov
ember1949
ast
hedat
eofadopt
ion.
 CI
TIZENSHI
P

Li
keanymoder
nst
ate,t
hepopul
ati
onofI
ndi
aisdi
vi
dedi
ntot
wobr
oadcat
egor
iesor
t
hosewhoar
eresi
dingwi
thi
nthecount
ryi
ntot
woci
ti
zensandal
i
[Link]
ti
zensar
ethose
who shar
ea sy
mbi
oti
crel
ati
onshi
p wi
tht
heSt
[Link]
i
ensar
efor
eigner
swho ar
e
r
esi
dingi
nIndi
aandt
heseAl
i
enscanbef
urt
hercat
egor
isedi
ntot
wobr
oadcat
egor
ies
f
ri
endl
yal
i
ensandenemyal
i
[Link]
iendl
yal
i
ensar
eci
ti
zensoft
hosecount
ri
eswho
shar
eaf
ri
endl
yrel
ati
onwi
thI
ndi
[Link]
i
ensar
eci
ti
zensoft
hosecount
ri
eswi
th
whi
chI
ndi
aisatwar
.
Thei
deaofci
ti
zenshi
pasal
egalcont
ractbet
weenani
ndi
vi
dualandanat
ionst
ates.I
t
i
sal
egalst
atusandr
elat
ionbet
weenani
ndi
vi
dualandast
atet
hatent
ail
sspeci
fi
clegal
r
ight
sanddut
iesoni
ndi
vi
dual
.Whogi
vest
hisl
egalst
atus?I
ncaseofI
ndi
aiti
sour
const
it
uti
ongi
vest
hel
egal
stat
us.
Fr
om ar
ti
cle5t
oar
ti
cle11underpar
t2oft
heconst
it
uti
ondeal
swi
thci
ti
zenshi
[Link]
const
it
uti
on does notdealwi
th any per
manentpr
ovi
sion r
elat
ing t
o ci
ti
zenshi
p.
Const
it
uti
onment
ioneddi
ff
erentcat
egor
iesofper
sonswhobecameci
ti
zensofI
ndi
a,
const
it
uti
onempower
sthepar
li
amentt
oenactl
awsi
ncaseofaacqui
sit
ionorl
ossof
ci
ti
zenshi
poranymat
terr
elat
edt
oit
.

Ar
ti
cle-
5

Thi
sar
ti
cledeal
swi
thci
ti
zenshi
patt
het
imeoft
hecommencementoft
heconst
it
uti
on.
Condi
ti
ons
[Link]
nint
het
err
it
oryofI
ndi
a.
[Link]
therofwhosepar
ent
swasbor
nint
het
err
it
oryofI
ndi
a.
c.I
f one has been a r
esi
dent of I
ndi
afor 5 y
ear
simmedi
atel
y bef
oret
he
commencementoft
heconst
it
uti
on.

Ar
ti
cle6
Thi
sar
ti
cledeal
swi
thci
ti
zenshi
poft
hosepeopl
ewhoar
emi
grat
edt
oIndi
afr
om
Paki
stan.
Condi
ti
on
[Link]
sonhasmi
grat
edbef
ore19Jul
y1948andhasbeenor
dinar
il
yresi
denti
n
I
ndi
asi
ncehi
smi
grat
ion.
[Link]
sonwhohasmi
grat
edf
rom Paki
stanshal
lbeaci
ti
zenofI
ndi
aatt
het
imeof
commencementoft
heconst
it
uti
on.

Ar
ti
cle7
Thi
sar
ti
cledeal
swi
thci
ti
zenshi
poft
hosepeopl
ewhoar
emi
grat
edt
oPaki
stanaf
ter
Mar
ch11947butsubsequent
lyr
etur
nedt
oIndi
abyJanuar
y26,
1950.
Condi
ti
on
Heorshehast
obear
esi
dentofI
ndi
afor6mont
hspr
ecedi
nghi
sorherdat
eof
appl
i
cat
ion.(
Mar
ch1t
hiswast
hedaywhent
hechaosr
egar
dingpar
ti
ti
onact
ual
l
y
beganduet
owhi
chl
acksofpeopl
est
art
edmi
grat
ing)

Ar
ti
cle8
Thi
sar
ti
cledeal
swi
thci
ti
zenshi
pofpeopl
eofI
ndi
anor
igi
nbutr
esi
dingout
sideI
ndi
a.
Condi
ti
on
Ei
thert
heper
sonoroneoft
hei
rpar
ent
sorgr
andpar
ent
smusthav
ebeenbor
nin
undi
vi
dedI
ndi
a.

Ar
ti
cle9
Thi
sar
ti
clesay
sthati
ndi
anconst
it
uti
onal
l
owsonl
ysi
ngl
eci
ti
zenshi
[Link]
per
sonwhoi
svol
unt
ari
l
yacqui
ri
ngci
ti
zenshi
pofaf
orei
gnst
atenott
obeci
ti
zensof
I
ndi
[Link]
aluedualCi
ti
zenshi
[Link]
heot
herhand,USconst
it
uti
on
al
l
owsdualci
ti
zenshi
pwhi
chmeansaper
soncanbeaci
ti
zenofUSAandaci
ti
zenof
someot
hercount
rywhi
chal
soal
l
owsdual
cit
izenshi
p.

Ar
ti
cle10
Thi
sar
ti
cledeal
swi
thcont
inuanceoft
her
ight
sofci
ti
zenshi
[Link]
smeanst
hatar
ti
cle5
t
oar
ti
cle11deal
swi
thappl
i
cat
ionandcondi
ti
ont
obeaci
ti
zenofI
ndi
aupt
o26t
h
Januar
[Link]
ewi
l
lcont
inuet
obet
heci
ti
zensofI
ndi
aunt
ilt
hepar
li
ament
passesanyl
aw whi
chdoesnotr
ecogni
zet
hem asci
ti
zensany
mor
eori
ncaseof
ci
ti
zenshi
pcancel
l
ati
[Link]
smeanst
hatar
ti
cle10gi
vest
hispowert
opar
li
amentt
o
t
akeawayt
heci
ti
zenshi
pofpeopl
ewhohav
eal
readybeengi
venci
ti
zenshi
p.
Ar
ti
cle11
Thi
sar
ti
clegi
vesr
ightt
opar
li
amentt
oenactanyl
awsonmat
ter
sofacqui
sit
ionand
t
ermi
nat
ionofci
ti
zenshi
p.

WAYSTOACQUI
RECI
TIZENSHI
P

[Link]
ti
zenshi
pbybi
rt
h
Ther
ulesf
oracqui
ri
ngci
ti
zenshi
pthr
ought
hiswayi
skeepsonchangi
[Link]
ear
etwo
concept
sar
ethebasi
sfort
hischangi
ngr
ule.
1)JUSSOLI-Ri
ghtoft
hesoi
l.I
tmeansi
fyouar
ebor
nint
het
err
it
oryofI
ndi
ayouar
ea
ci
ti
zenofI
ndi
aregar
dlessofci
ti
zenshi
p ofhi
sorherpar
ent
[Link]
swast
her
ule
r
egar
dingci
ti
zenshi
punt
il1987.
Ci
ti
zenshi
pActwasamendedi
nthey
[Link]
ntr
oduced.
2)
JUSSANGUI
NIS-Ri
ghtoft
hebl
ood.I
tmeanst
hatonechi
l
dwhoi
sbor
ninI
ndi
a
becameI
ndi
anci
ti
zensonl
ywhenoneofhi
spar
ent
sisanI
ndi
anci
ti
zen.
I
n2003Ci
ti
zenshi
pActwasagai
[Link]
l
dwhoi
sbor
ninI
ndi
abecame
I
ndi
anci
ti
zenonl
yifbot
hpar
ent
sar
eIndi
anci
ti
zensori
fonet
hepar
enti
sanI
ndi
an
ci
ti
zenandot
heronei
snotani
l
legal
migr
antatt
het
imeoft
hebi
rt
h.
(whoi
sani
l
legal
migr
ant
?
1.I
fani
ndi
vi
duali
sov
erst
ayi
ngi
nacount
rymeanshei
sst
ayi
ngmor
ethant
het
ime
ment
ionedi
ntheVi
sahei
snowani
l
legal
migr
ant
.
[Link]
orei
gnernotent
eri
ngi
nacount
ryont
hebasi
soft
hisv
ali
dvi
sadocumentbutI
am
i
l
legal
l
ysneaki
ngi
ntoI
ndi
a)

[Link]
ti
zenshi
pbyDescent

I
fachi
l
disbor
ninUSA,butbot
hofhi
spar
ent
sar
eIndi
anoroneofhi
spar
ent
sisan
I
ndi
ancanbecameI
ndi
anci
ti
zens,despi
tet
hef
actt
hatt
hechi
l
dwasnotbor
ninI
ndi
a.
Par
ent
sofsuchchi
l
dshoul
dregi
stert
hebi
rt
hoft
hei
rchi
l
datanI
ndi
anembassyi
nUSA.
ButUSAf
oll
owst
hel
aw oft
hesoi
l
.Accor
dingt
othi
sconceptachi
l
disbor
ninUSA
becamet
heci
ti
zensofUSAr
egar
dlessoft
heci
ti
zenshi
pofpar
ent
[Link]
l
ows
dualci
ti
zenshi
[Link]
ndi
arecogni
zesi
ngl
eci
ti
zenshi
p.I
nsuchacaset
hatchi
l
dhast
wo
/dualci
ti
zenshi
punt
ilt
[Link]
thi
n6mont
hsoft
hatchi
l
dtur
ning18,
heorshe
hast
omakeachoi
cewhet
hert
ocont
inuei
ndi
anci
ti
zenshi
porUSci
ti
zenshi
p.

[Link]
ti
zenshi
pbyRegi
str
ati
on

I
faper
sonmar
ryanI
ndi
anandi
fthatper
sonar
est
ayi
ngi
nIndi
afor7y
ear
s,t
hent
hat
per
soncanappl
yforI
ndi
anci
ti
zenshi
[Link]
eSoni
aGandhi
-shewasnotbor
nin
I
ndi
ashewasnotbor
ntoI
ndi
anpar
entbutshemar
ri
edanI
ndi
anRaj
i
vGandhi
.

[Link]
ti
zenshi
pbynat
ural
isat
ion

I
faper
sonnotbor
ninI
ndi
a,notmar
ri
edandI
ndi
an,
notbor
ntoI
ndi
anpar
entbutst
il
lhe
orshewantt
obecomeanI
ndi
anci
ti
[Link]
ort
hisst
ri
ctcondi
ti
onshav
etobemet
.
Fi
rstcondi
ti
ony
ouhav
etogi
veupy
ourf
ir
stci
ti
zenshi
[Link]
ndi
anconst
it
uti
on
al
l
owsonl
ysi
ngl
eci
ti
zenshi
[Link]
ti
oni
syouhav
etomakey
ouri
ntent
ioncl
ear
meansy
ouhav
etogi
vecl
earexpl
anat
ionf
ort
hequest
ionwhyIneedI
ndi
anci
ti
zenshi
p?
Thi
rdcondi
ti
oni
sthaty
oushoul
dbewel
lver
sedi
nanyI
ndi
anl
anguagement
ioned
undershedul
e8oft
heconst
it
uti
[Link]
thcondi
ti
oni
syouhav
etost
ayi
nIndi
afor14
y
ear
s.11y
ear
soutoft
his14y
ear
scumul
ati
vel
yyoushoul
dhav
est
ayedi
nIndi
a.14
y
ear
smeansy
oushoul
dhav
enev
erl
eftt
hiscount
ryi
nal
lthese14y
ear
sno,
youcango
onapi
l
gri
m,y
oucangoonf
est
ival
s,y
oucangoonout
sideI
ndi
a.

5ci
ti
zenshi
pbywayofI
ncor
por
ati
onoft
err
it
ory

I
fanyf
orei
gnt
err
it
orybecomesapar
tofI
ndi
a,t
heGov
ernmentofI
ndi
aspeci
fi
est
he
per
sonswhoamongt
hepeopl
eoft
het
err
it
oryshal
lbet
heci
ti
zensofI
ndi
[Link]
per
sonsbecamet
heci
ti
zensofI
ndi
afr
om t
henot
if
ieddat
e.
 LOSSOFCI
TIZENSHI
P

[Link]
ati
on
Anyci
ti
zenofI
ndi
acanmakeaDecl
arat
ionr
enounsi
nghi
sIndi
anci
ti
zenshi
[Link]
he
r
egi
str
ati
onoft
hatdecl
arat
ion,t
hatper
sonceasest
obeaci
ti
zenofI
ndi
[Link]
per
sonr
enounceshi
sIndi
anci
ti
zenshi
p,ev
erymi
norchi
l
doft
hatper
sonal
sol
oses
I
ndi
aci
ti
zenshi
[Link]
er,whensuch achi
l
dat
tai
nst
heageof18,hemayr
esume
I
ndi
anci
ti
zenshi
p.

[Link]
minat
ion
WhenanI
ndi
anci
ti
zenv
olunt
ari
l
yacqui
rest
heci
ti
zenshi
pofanot
hercount
ry,
hisI
ndi
an
Ci
ti
zenshi
paut
omat
ical
l
yter
minat
es.

[Link]
ivat
ion

Thi
smeanscent
ralgov
ernmentcompul
sor
yter
minat
est
heci
ti
zenshi
pofani
ndi
vi
dual
.
I
tisdoneont
hef
oll
owi
nggr
ounds.
1t
heci
ti
zenshasobt
ainedt
heci
ti
zenshi
pbyf
raud.
[Link]
ti
zenshasshowndi
sloy
alt
ytot
heconst
it
uti
onI
ndi
a.
[Link]
ti
zenshasunl
awf
ull
ytr
adedorcommuni
cat
edwi
tht
heenemydur
ingawar
.
[Link]
ti
zenshas,
wit
hin5y
ear
saf
terr
egi
str
ati
onornat
ural
i
sat
ionbeeni
mpr
isonedi
n
anycount
ryf
ort
woy
ear
s;and
[Link]
ti
zenshasbeenor
dinar
il
yresi
dentoutofI
ndi
afor7y
ear
scont
inuousl
y.

Theconst
it
uti
onofI
ndi
a,l
i
ket
hatofCanada,hasi
ntr
oducedt
hesy
stem ofsi
ngl
e
ci
ti
zenshi
pandpr
ovi
deduni
for
mri
ght
sfort
hepeopl
eofI
ndi
atopr
omot
ethef
eel
i
ngof
Fr
ater
nit
yanduni
tya,
ongoi
ngt
hem andt
obui
l
dani
ntegr
atedI
ndi
annat
ion.