TITLE: PROMPT ENGINEERING TUTORIAL – MASTER CHATGPT AND LLM

RESPONSES
THIS IS GOING TO BE A UNIQUE COURSE FOR ME AS THERE IS GOING TO BE A LOT LESS CODING
GOING ON BUT A LOT MORE UNDERSTANDING ABOUT THE TOPIC OF PROMPT ENGINEERING AND
WHY SOME COMPANIES ARE PAYING UP TO $335,000 A YEAR ACCORDING TO BLOOMBERG FOR
PEOPLE IN THIS [Link] NO, NO CODING BACKGROUND IS NECESSARILY REQUIRED. SO
WHAT ARE WE WAITING FOR? LET'S DO IT. IN THIS COURSE, WE WILL LEARN WHAT PROMPT
ENGINEERING IS EXACTLY, GET A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO AI, A LOOK AT LARGE LANGUAGE
MODELS OR LLMS SUCH AS CHAT GPT, A LOOK AT TEXT TO IMAGE MODELS SUCH AS MID
JOURNEY, A LOOK AT EMERGING [Link] WOULD INCLUDE TEXT TO SPEECH, TEXT TO
AUDIO OR SPEECH TO TEXT AS WELL AS PROMPT ENGINEERING MINDSET, BEST PRACTICES,
ZERO-SHOT PROMPTING, FEW-SHOT PROMPTING, CHAIN OF THOUGHT, AI HALLUCINATIONS,
VEXES, TEXT EMBEDDINGS AND ALSO END WITH A QUICK INTRO TO CHAT GPT. SO LET'S START
OFF WITH LOOKING AT WHAT EXACTLY PROMPT ENGINEERING IS IN THE FIRST [Link]
ENGINEERING IN A NUTSHELL IS A CAREER THAT CAME ABOUT OF THE BACK OF THE RISE OF
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE. IT INVOLVES HUMAN WRITING, REFINING AND OPTIMIZING PROMPTS
IN A STRUCTURED WAY. THIS IS DONE WITH THE INTENTION OF PERFECTING THE INTERACTION
BETWEEN HUMANS AND AI TO THE HIGHEST DEGREE [Link] ONLY THAT, HOWEVER, A
PROMPT ENGINEER IS THEN ALSO REQUIRED TO CONTINUOUSLY MONITOR THOSE PROMPTS
ENSURE THEIR EFFECTIVENESS WITH TIME AS AI PROGRESSES. MAINTAINING AN UP-TO-DATE
PROMPT LIBRARY WILL BE A REQUIREMENT THAT IS PLACED ONTO THE PROMPT ENGINEER AS
WELL AS REPORTING ON FINDINGS AND IN GENERAL, BEING A THOUGHT LEADER IN THIS
[Link] WHY DO WE NEED IT? AND HOW DID IT COME ABOUT FROM AI? BEFORE MOVING ON,
LET'S ACTUALLY MAKE SURE WE ARE ON THE SAME PAGE ABOUT WHAT EXACTLY AI IS.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IS THE SIMULATION OF HUMAN INTELLIGENCE PROCESSES BY
MACHINES. I SAY SIMULATION AS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IS NOT SENTIENT, AT LEAST NOT YET
ANYWAYS, MEANING IT CANNOT THINK FOR ITSELF AS MUCH AS IT MAY SEEM IT [Link],
AND THIS IS CERTAINLY THE CASE WITH TOOLS SUCH AS CHAT GPT, FOR EXAMPLE, WHEN WE
SAY AI, WE ARE SIMPLY REFERRING TO A TERM CALLED MACHINE LEARNING. MACHINE LEARNING
WORKS BY USING LARGE AMOUNTS OF TRAINING DATA THAT IS THEN ANALYZED FOR
CORRELATIONS AND PATTERNS. THESE PATTERNS ARE THEN USED TO PREDICT OUTCOMES
BASED ON THE TRAINING DATA [Link] FOR EXAMPLE, HERE WE ARE FEEDING DATA
SAYING THAT IF A PARAGRAPH LOOKS LIKE THIS WITH THIS TYPE OF TITLE, THEN IT SHOULD BE
CATEGORIZED AS INTERNATIONAL FINANCE. THE SECOND PARAGRAPH SHOULD BE PUT IN THE
CATEGORY OF EARNING REPORTS AND SO ON. WITH SOME CODE, WE SHOULD BE ABLE TO
TRAIN OUR AI MODEL TO CORRECTLY GUESS WHAT FUTURE PARAGRAPHS ARE [Link]
THAT'S IT. OF COURSE, THAT IS A SUPER BASIC EXAMPLE AND WE WOULD NEED WAY MORE
DATA THAN THESE FIVE PARAGRAPHS RIGHT HERE, BUT YOU GET THE IDEA. IF YOU WANT TO
BUILD YOUR OWN AI MODEL AND UNDERSTAND THE CONCEPT OF MACHINE LEARNING BETTER
AS A TOTAL BEGINNER, PLEASE CHECK OUT MY VIDEO ON IT ON MY CHANNEL, CODE WITH ANYA
[Link] OF NOW, RAPIDLY IMPROVING GENERAL AI TECHNIQUES CAN CREATE REALISTIC TEXT
RESPONSES AND EVEN IMAGES, MUSIC, AND OTHER MEDIA THANKS TO THE HUGE AMOUNTS OF
TRAINING DATA AND TALENTED DEVELOPERS WORKING ON IT TODAY. WHY IS PROMPT
ENGINEERING USEFUL? WITH THE QUICK AND EXPONENTIAL GROWING RISE OF AI, EVEN THE
ARCHITECTS OF IT THEMSELVES STRUGGLE TO CONTROL IT AND ITS [Link] MIGHT BE A
BIT HARD TO UNDERSTAND, BUT THINK OF IT THIS WAY. IF YOU WERE TO ASK AN AI CHATBOT
WHAT IS FOUR PLUS FOUR, YOU WOULD EXPECT IT TO SAY EIGHT, RIGHT? THE RESULT OF EIGHT
IS PRETTY INDISPUTABLE. HOWEVER, IMAGINE YOU ARE A YOUNG STUDENT TRYING TO LEARN
THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. I'M GOING TO SHOW YOU JUST HOW DIFFERENT RESPONSES CAN BE
BASED ON THE PROMPTS YOU FEED AND IN TURN YOUR LEARNING [Link] THIS
EXAMPLE, I'M GOING TO BE USING CHAT GPT'S GPT-4 MODEL. SO LET'S START WITH THE BASICS.
IF YOU WERE TO TYPE, CORRECT MY PARAGRAPH AND THEN PASTE IT A BADLY WRITTEN
PARAGRAPH. SO JUST LIKE THIS, TODAY WAS GREAT IN THE WORLD FOR ME. I WENT TO A
DISNEYLAND WITH MY MOM. IT COULD HAVE BEEN BETTER THOUGH IF IT WASN'T
[Link], THE YOUNG ENGLISH LEARNER HAS A BETTER SENTENCE, BUT IT KIND OF
STOPS THERE AND THE LEARNER IS JUST LEFT TO THEIR OWN DEVICES. AND HONESTLY, THE
SENTENCE REALLY ISN'T THAT GREAT ANYWAY. WHAT IF THE LEARNER COULD GET THE BEST
SENTENCES POSSIBLE FROM A TEACHER WHO UNDERSTANDS THEIR INTERESTS TO KEEP THEM
ENGAGED? WITH THE CORRECT PROMPTS, WE CAN ACTUALLY CREATE THAT WITH [Link] LET'S
GIVE IT A GO AND LET'S WRITE A PROMPT TO DO THIS. SO HERE'S THE PROMPT I'M GOING TO
GIVE IT. I'M GOING TO WRITE, I WANT YOU TO ACT AS A SPOKEN ENGLISH TEACHER. I WILL
SPEAK TO YOU IN ENGLISH AND YOU'LL REPLY TO ME IN ENGLISH TO PRACTICE MY SPOKEN
ENGLISH. I WANT YOU TO KEEP MY REPLY NEAT, LIMITING THE REPLY TO 100 WORDS.I ALSO
WANT YOU TO STRICTLY CORRECT MY GRAMMAR MISTAKES AND TYPOS. AND I WANT YOU TO
ASK ME A QUESTION IN YOUR REPLY. NOW, LET'S START PRACTICING. YOU COULD ASK ME A
QUESTION FIRST. REMEMBER, I WANT YOU TO STRICTLY CORRECT MY GRAMMAR MISTAKES AND
TYPOS. SO THERE'S MY PROMPT. YOU CAN ALSO GO A STEP FURTHER AND ASK IT TO CORRECT
YOUR FACTUAL ERRORS TOO, WHICH I THINK WOULD BE AN EXCELLENT ADDITION TO THE
PROMPT THAT WILL BENEFIT THE YOUNG [Link], SO LET'S GO AHEAD AND ADD THAT
TO THE PROMPT. OKAY, AND LET US DO ITS THING. AND GREAT, SO NOW THIS IS WAY MORE
INTERACTIVE. AS YOU WILL SEE, IT'S ASKING YOU A QUESTION AND TELLING YOU WHAT TO DO
AND WILL PROVIDE YOU WITH CORRECTIONS IF NEEDED. SO IN A WAY, YOU'RE COMMUNICATING
WITH THE [Link]'S GIVING YOU SUGGESTIONS AND YOU'RE LEARNING ALONG THE WAY. IT'S A
COMPLETELY DIFFERENT EXPERIENCE THANKS TO THE PROMPT THAT WE WROTE. PRETTY COOL,
RIGHT? WE'RE GONNA BE DIVING INTO A BUNCH OF THESE CONCEPTS SOON, BUT FIRST LET'S
START WITH THE BASICS. LINGUISTICS. LINGUISTICS IS THE STUDY OF [Link] FOCUSES
ON EVERYTHING FROM PHONETICS, SO THE STUDY OF HOW SPEECH SOUNDS ARE PRODUCED
AND PERCEIVED. PHONOLOGY, SO THE STUDY OF SOUND PATTERNS AND CHANGES.
MORPHOLOGY, THE STUDY OF WORD STRUCTURE. SYNTAX, SO THE STUDY OF SENTENCE
STRUCTURE. SEMANTICS, SO THE STUDY OF LINGUISTIC MEANING. PRAGMATICS, SO IN OTHER
WORDS, THE STUDY OF HOW LANGUAGE IS USED IN [Link] LINGUISTICS, OR THE
STUDY OF LANGUAGE CHANGE. SOCIOLINGUISTICS, OR IN OTHER WORDS, THE STUDY OF THE
RELATION BETWEEN LANGUAGE AND SOCIETY. COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS, SO THE STUDY OF
HOW COMPUTERS CAN PROCESS HUMAN LANGUAGE. AND PHYSIOLINGUISTICS, OR THE STUDY
OF HOW HUMANS ACQUIRE AND USE [Link] A LOT. LINGUISTICS ARE THE KEY TO
PROMPT ENGINEERING. WHY? UNDERSTANDING THE NUANCES OF LANGUAGE AND HOW IT IS
USED IN DIFFERENT CONTEXTS IS CRUCIAL FOR CRAFTING EFFECTIVE PROMPTS. NOT ONLY
THAT, BUT KNOWING HOW TO USE A GRAMMAR OR LANGUAGE STRUCTURE THAT IS
UNIVERSALLY USED WILL RESULT IN THE AI SYSTEM RETURNING BACK THE MOST ACCURATE
[Link] YOU CAN IMAGINE, THE SHEER AMOUNT OF DATA THAT IT IS TRAINED ON IS MOST
LIKELY TO MOSTLY USE THE STANDARD GRAMMAR AND LANGUAGE STRUCTURE THAT IS
UNIVERSALLY USED. SO STICKING TO THE STANDARDIZATION IS KEY. LANGUAGE MODELS.
IMAGINE A WORLD WHERE COMPUTERS POSSESS THE POWER TO UNDERSTAND AND GENERATE
HUMAN LANGUAGE.A WORLD WHERE MACHINES CAN CHAT, WRITE STORIES, AND EVEN
COMPOSE POETRY. IN THIS MAGICAL REALM, LANGUAGE MODELS CAN COME INTO PLAY. THEY
ARE LIKE THE WIZARDS OF THE DIGITAL REALM CAPABLE OF UNDERSTANDING AND CREATING
HUMAN-LIKE TEXT. A LANGUAGE MODEL IS A CLEVER COMPUTER PROGRAM THAT LEARNS FROM
A VAST COLLECTION OF WRITTEN [Link] TAKES IN BOOKS, ARTICLES, WEBSITES, AND ALL
SORTS OF WRITTEN RESOURCES, ALLOWING IT TO GATHER KNOWLEDGE ABOUT HOW HUMANS
USE LANGUAGE. JUST LIKE A MASTER LINGUIST, IT BECOMES AN EXPERT IN THE ART OF
CONVERSATION, GRAMMAR, AND STYLE. BUT HOW DOES THIS ALL WORK? WELL, IMAGINE YOU
FEED A SENTENCE. THE LANGUAGE MODEL WILL THEN ANALYZE THE SENTENCE, EXAMINE THE
ORDER OF WORDS, THEIR MEANINGS, AND THE WAY THEY FIT [Link] THE LANGUAGE
MODEL WOULD GENERATE A PREDICTION OR A CONTINUATION OF THE SENTENCE THAT MAKES
SENSE BASED ON ITS UNDERSTANDING OF THE LANGUAGE. IT WILL WEAVE WORDS TOGETHER
ONE BY ONE, CREATING A RESPONSE THAT SEEMS LIKE IT WAS CRAFTED BY A HUMAN BEING.
IMAGINE HAVING A CONVERSATION WITH THE LANGUAGE MODEL AS IF YOU WERE EXCHANGING
IDEAS WITH A DIGITAL [Link] ASK A QUESTION, AND IT RESPONDS WITH A WELL-CRAFTED
ANSWER. YOU TELL A JOKE, AND IT COUNTERS WITH A WITTY REMARK. IT'S LIKE HAVING A
LANGUAGE EXPERT BY YOUR SIDE ALWAYS READY TO ASSIST AND ENGAGE IN CONVERSATION.
NOW, YOU MAY WONDER WHERE THESE LANGUAGE MODELS ARE USED. THEY CAN BE FOUND IN
VARIOUS PLACES, FROM YOUR SMARTPHONE'S VIRTUAL ASSISTANTS TO CUSTOMER SERVICE
CHATBOTS, AND EVEN IN THE CREATIVE REALM OF [Link] HELP US FIND INFORMATION,
OFFER SUGGESTIONS, AND CREATE CONTENT. BUT REMEMBER, WHILE LANGUAGE MODELS
POSSESS INCREDIBLE ABILITIES, THEY STILL RELY ON THE HUMAN TO CREATE AND TRAIN THEM.
THEY ARE, IN FACT, A FUSION OF HUMAN INGENUITY AND THE POWER OF ALGORITHMS,
BLENDING THE BEST OF BOTH WORLDS. LET'S START OFF BY LOOKING AT THE HISTORY OF
LANGUAGE MODELS, STARTING WITH THE FIRST AI, ELIZA, BACK IN THE [Link] IS AN EARLY
NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING COMPUTER PROGRAM CREATED FROM 1964 TO 1966 AT MIT
BY JOSEPH WIESENBAUM. ELIZA WAS DESIGNED TO SIMULATE A CONVERSATION WITH A HUMAN
BEING. ELIZA HAD A SPECIAL KNACK FOR MIMICKING A ROGERIAN PSYCHOTHERAPIST, SOMEONE
WHO ESSENTIALLY LISTENS ATTENTIVELY AND ASKS PROBING QUESTIONS TO HELP PEOPLE
EXPLORE THEIR THOUGHTS AND [Link]'S SECRET WEAPON WAS ITS MASTERY OF
PATTERN MATCHING. IT HAD A TREASURE TROVE OF PREDEFINED PATTERNS, EACH ASSOCIATED
WITH SPECIFIC RESPONSES. THESE PATTERNS WERE LIKE MAGICAL SPELLS THAT ALLOWED
ELIZA TO UNDERSTAND AND RESPOND TO HUMAN LANGUAGE. WHEN YOU ENGAGE IN A
CONVERSATION WITH ELIZA, IT WOULD CAREFULLY ANALYZE YOUR INPUT, SEEKING PATTERNS
AND [Link] WOULD THEN TRANSFORM YOUR WORDS INTO A SERIES OF SYMBOLS,
SEARCHING FOR PATTERNS THAT MATCH THOSE SYMBOLS IN ITS REPERTOIRE. ONCE A PATTERN
WAS DETECTED, ELIZA WOULD WORK ITS MAGIC BY TRANSFORMING YOUR WORDS INTO A
QUESTION OR STATEMENT THAT AIMED TO EXPLORE YOUR THOUGHTS AND EMOTIONS. IT WAS
AS IF ELIZA WAS HOLDING UP A METAPHORICAL MIRROR, ENCOURAGING YOU TO DELVE DEEPER
INTO YOUR OWN [Link] EXAMPLE, IF YOU SAID SOMETHING LIKE, I FEEL SAD, ELIZA
WOULD DETECT THE PATTERN AND RESPOND WITH A QUESTION LIKE, WHY DO YOU THINK YOU
FEEL SAD? IT ENCOURAGED REFLECTION AND INTROSPECTION, JUST LIKE A CARING THERAPIST
WOULD. BUT HERE'S THE DELIGHTFUL TWIST. ELIZA DIDN'T TRULY UNDERSTAND WHAT YOU
WERE [Link] WAS JUST A CLEVER ILLUSION. IT USED PATTERN MATCHING AND SOME
CREATIVE PROGRAMMING TRICKS TO CREATE THE ILLUSION OF UNDERSTANDING WHILE IN
REALITY, IT WAS JUST FOLLOWING A SET OF PREDEFINED RULES. YET, EVEN THOUGH ELIZA WAS
A SIMPLE PROGRAM, PEOPLE WERE OFTEN CAPTIVATED BY ITS CONVERSATIONAL ABILITIES.
THEY FELT HEARD AND UNDERSTOOD, EVEN IF THEY KNEW THEY WERE TALKING TO A
[Link] WAS LIKE HAVING A DIGITAL CONFIDENT WHO WAS ALWAYS READY TO LISTEN AND
OFFER GENTLE GUIDANCE. ELIZA'S CREATOR, WEISENBAUM, INTENDED THE PROGRAM AS A
METHOD TO EXPLORE COMMUNICATION BETWEEN HUMANS AND MACHINES. HE WAS SURPRISED
AND SHOCKED THAT INDIVIDUALS, INCLUDING HIS SECRETARY, ATTRIBUTED HUMAN-LIKE
FEELINGS TO THE COMPUTER [Link] THAT IS A WHOLE OTHER TOPIC OF CONVERSATION
IN ITSELF. ELIZA'S IMPACT WAS PROFOUND, SPARKING INTEREST AND RESEARCH IN THE FIELD
OF NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING. IT PAVED THE WAY FOR MORE ADVANCED SYSTEMS THAT
COULD TRULY UNDERSTAND AND GENERATE HUMAN LANGUAGE. IT WAS THE HUMBLE
BEGINNING OF A GRAND ADVENTURE IN THE WORLD OF CONVERSATIONAL [Link] FORWARD
TO THE 1970S, WHEN A PROGRAM NAMED SHUDLU APPEARED. IT COULD UNDERSTAND SIMPLE
COMMANDS AND INTERACT WITH A VIRTUAL WORLD OF BLOCKS. ALTHOUGH SHUDLU WASN'T A
LANGUAGE MODEL PER SE, IT LAID THE FOUNDATION FOR THE IDEA OF MACHINES
COMPREHENDING HUMAN LANGUAGE. BUT THE TRUE LANGUAGE MODELS BEGAN AROUND
2010, WHEN THE POWER OF DEEP LEARNING AND NEURAL NETWORKS CAME INTO [Link]
THE MIGHTY GPT, SHORT FOR GENERATIVE PRE-TRAINED TRANSFORMER, READY TO CONQUER
THE WORLD OF LANGUAGE. IN THE YEAR 2018, THE FAST ITERATION OF GPT EMERGED,
CREATED BY THE COMPANY OPENAI. IT WAS TRAINED ON A LARGE AMOUNT OF TEXT DATA,
ABSORBING KNOWLEDGE FROM BOOKS, ARTICLES, AND A LARGE CHUNK OF THE [Link]-
1 WAS A TASTE OF THINGS TO COME, AN IMPRESSIVE LANGUAGE MODEL, BUT SMALL
COMPARED TO ITS DESCENDANTS THAT WE USE TODAY. AS TIME WENT ON, THE SAGA
CONTINUED WITH THE ARRIVAL OF GPT-2 IN 2019, FOLLOWED BY GPT-3 IN 2020. THIS WAS A
TITAN AMONG LANGUAGE MODELS EQUIPPED WITH A LARGE NUMBER OF PARAMETERS, OVER
175 BILLION TO BE [Link]-3 DAZZLED THE WORLD WITH ITS UNPARALLELED ABILITY TO
UNDERSTAND, RESPOND, AND EVEN GENERATE CREATIVE PIECES OF WRITING. THE ARRIVAL OF
GPT-3 MARKED A REAL TURNING POINT IN TERMS OF LANGUAGE MODELS AND AI. AT THE TIME
OF WRITING, WE NOW ALSO HAVE GPT-4, TRAINED ON PRETTY MUCH THE WHOLE INTERNET,
RATHER THAN OUTDATED LARGE DATA SETS, AS WELL AS BERT FROM GOOGLE AND SO MUCH
[Link] WOULD SEEM WE ARE ONLY JUST AT THE START WHEN IT COMES TO LANGUAGE
MODELS AND AI. SO LEARNING HOW TO HARNESS THIS DATA WITH PROMPT ENGINEERING IS A
SMART MOVE FOR ANYONE TODAY. THE PROMPT ENGINEERING MINDSET. WHEN THINKING OF
GOOD PROMPTS, IT IS ALWAYS BEST TO GET IN THE CORRECT MINDSET. ESSENTIALLY, YOU
WANT TO JUST WRITE ONE PROMPT, RIGHT? AND NOT HAVE TO WASTE TIME AND TOKENS,
WRITING LOTS OF DIFFERENT PROMPTS UNTIL YOU GET THE RESULT YOU [Link]
ESSENTIALLY, KIND OF THE SAME AS WHEN YOU GOOGLE STUFF, RIGHT? HOW GOOD ARE YOUR
GOOGLING SKILLS NOW, AS OPPOSED TO FIVE YEARS AGO? I'M ASSUMING A LOT BETTER. WE
HAVE GROWN TO INTUITIVELY KNOW WHAT TO TYPE INTO GOOGLE THE FIRST TIME ROUND AS
TO NOT WASTE TIME. HAVING THE SAME MINDSET FOR PROMPT ENGINEERING CAN ALSO BE
[Link] ERIC OF THE INFINITE MACHINE LEARNING PODCAST SAYS IT WELL WHEN HE
SAYS, I PERSONALLY LIKE THE ANALOGY OF PROMPTING TO DESIGNING EFFECTIVE GOOGLE
SEARCHES. THERE ARE CLEARLY BETTER AND WORSE WAYS TO WRITE QUERIES AGAINST THE
GOOGLE SEARCH ENGINE THAT SOLVE YOUR TASK. THIS VARIANCE EXISTS BECAUSE OF THE
OPAQUENESS OF WHAT GOOGLE IS DOING UNDER THE [Link] ARE GONNA KEEP THIS IN
MIND FOR THE REMAINDER OF THE COURSE. A QUICK INTRO TO USING CHAT GPT BY OPENAI. SO
AS I SAID IN THIS COURSE FOR THE EXAMPLES, I WILL BE USING CHAT GPT'S GPT FOR MODEL. IN
ORDER TO FOLLOW ALONG OR JUST TO UNDERSTAND HOW WE ARE GOING TO BE USING THE
PLATFORM, PLEASE HEAD OVER TO [Link] AND JUST GO AHEAD AND SIGN UP. I'VE
ALREADY SIGNED UP, SO I'M JUST GONNA GO AHEAD AND LOG IN AND THAT WILL TAKE ME TO
THE PLATFORM IN WHICH I CAN CHOOSE WHAT I WANT TO INTERACT WITH. FOR THIS TUTORIAL,
WE ARE GOING TO BE INTERACTING WITH CHAT GPT FOR. SO PLEASE GO AHEAD AND CLICK ON
HERE AND THAT WILL TAKE YOU TO THE [Link] THEN I'M JUST GONNA GO AHEAD AND
SWITCH TO THE GPT FOR MODEL, WHICH IS THE LATEST ONE. OKAY, SO GREAT. YOU WILL SEE
HERE ALL THE PREVIOUS CHATS THAT I'VE HAD. I'M JUST GOING TO MINIMIZE THIS. AND IF WE
WANT TO CREATE A NEW CHAT, ALL WE'D HAVE TO DO IS CLICK THE NEW CHAT BUTTON. OKAY,
SO HERE, FOR EXAMPLE, WHAT I CAN DO IS JUST GO AHEAD AND ASK ANY [Link] WHAT
IS FOUR PLUS FOUR? AND THEN HIT SEND. AND THAT WILL ESSENTIALLY GIVE ME A RESPONSE.
SO I'M NOW INTERACTING WITH CHAT GPT FOR. ON THIS OCCASION, I CAN ACTUALLY BUILD ON
THE PREVIOUS CONVERSATION. SO WHAT I CAN DO IS SAY, GREAT. NOW, CAN YOU ADD
ANOTHER FIVE TO THAT? WHAT IS THE ANSWER? AND IT WILL TAKE INTO ACCOUNT EVERYTHING
THAT I HAVE [Link], I AM BUILDING ON TOP OF THE KNOWLEDGE THAT IT ALREADY
HAS. GREAT. SO AGAIN, THIS IS JUST A VERY QUICK INTRODUCTION TO HOW TO USE THIS, WE
WILL BE DOING A DEEPER DIVE INTO THIS THROUGHOUT THIS COURSE. SO ONCE AGAIN, TO
CREATE A NEW CHAT, ALL YOU'D HAVE TO DO IS CREATE NEW CHAT. AND IF YOU WANT TO
DELETE THE OLD ONE, JUST GO AHEAD AND CLICK THAT DELETE [Link] THAT WILL
DELETE IT. AND THEN A NEW CHAT IS BROUGHT UP AUTOMATICALLY. WONDERFUL. NOW YOU
MIGHT HAVE SEEN MY COURSE ON OPEN AI IN WHICH WE CAN ALSO USE THE API. AND TO USE
THE API, JUST GO OVER TO THE API REFERENCES. AND ALL YOU WOULD HAVE TO DO IS GET AN
API KEY. AND THE API KEY CAN BE VIEWED HERE. AND THEN YOU JUST GO AHEAD AND CREATE
AN API [Link] THAT WILL ALLOW YOU TO INTERACT WITH THE OPEN AI API IN ORDER FOR YOU
TO BUILD OUT YOUR OWN PLATFORMS JUST AS THE ONE WE SAW BEFORE. SO IF YOU'RE
INTERESTED IN THAT, PLEASE DO HEAD OVER TO MY TUTORIAL ON THIS, AGAIN, ON THE FREE
COCAM CHANNEL. OTHERWISE, LET'S CONTINUE USING CHAT GPT. SO ONCE AGAIN, I'M JUST
GOING TO LOG IN AND HEAD BACK TO THE PLATFORM [Link] THAT IS IT, WE ARE READY TO
GO. ANOTHER THING I WANT TO DISCUSS IS TOKENS. AS YOU MIGHT FIND THAT YOU HAVE RUN
OUT OF THE FREE TOKENS THAT YOU HAVE IN ORDER TO INTERACT WITH CHAT GPT. SO IN
ORDER TO DO THAT, I'M JUST GOING TO SHOW YOU THIS, I'M GOING TO HEAD OVER TO THE
DOCUMENTATION AND TALK TO YOU A LITTLE BIT ABOUT [Link] GPT-4 ESSENTIALLY
PROCESSES ALL TEXTS IN CHUNKS CALLED TOKENS. AND THIS TOKEN IS APPROXIMATELY FOUR
CHARACTERS OR 0.75 WORDS FOR ENGLISH TEXT. AND WE ESSENTIALLY GET CHARGED BY
TOKEN. IF YOU WANT TO KNOW EXACTLY HOW MANY TOKENS YOU ARE USING, YOU CAN CHECK
IT OUT HERE, YOU CAN CHECK OUT THE TOKENIZER TOOL, AND IT WILL GIVE YOU A ROUGH
[Link] FOR EXAMPLE, I CAN SAY, WHAT IS FOUR PLUS FOUR. AND WITH THAT PIECE OF
TEXT, THE TOTAL COUNT OF TOKENS IS GOING TO BE SIX. OKAY, SO THERE WE GO. THAT IS
EXACTLY HOW MANY TOKENS WILL BE USED IN ORDER TO PRODUCE A ANSWER FOR THIS
REQUEST. GREAT, SO HERE IS A URL FOR THAT. YOU CAN PLAY AROUND WITH IT. I HOPE YOU
HAVE [Link] YOU WANT TO SEE YOUR USAGE, YOU CAN HEAD OVER TO ACCOUNT AND THEN
YOU CAN MANAGE YOUR ACCOUNT. AND THIS SHOULD BE ABLE TO SHOW YOU YOUR USAGE. SO
IT WILL SHOW YOU YOUR USAGE RIGHT HERE PER MONTH. AND THEN YOU CAN, OF COURSE,
ALSO ADD BILLING IN ORDER TO CARRY ON USING CHAT GPT IN CASE YOU'VE USED UP ALL
YOUR TOKENS AND YOU CAN'T USE IT [Link] ONCE AGAIN, THIS IS UNDER ACCOUNT
BILLING OVERVIEW. SO JUST GO CHECK IT OUT. OKAY, AND NOW BACK TO THE PLATFORM. BEST
PRACTICES. THE BIGGEST MISCONCEPTION WHEN IT COMES TO PROMPT ENGINEERING IS THAT
IT'S AN EASY JOB WITH NO SCIENCE TO IT. I IMAGINE A LOT OF PEOPLE THINK IT'S JUST ABOUT
CONSTRUCTING A ONE-OFF SENTENCE SUCH AS CORRECT MY PARAGRAPH THAT WE SAW IN THE
PREVIOUS [Link] YOU START TO LOOK AT IT, CREATING EFFECTIVE PROMPTS RELIES
ON A BUNCH OF DIFFERENT FACTORS. HERE ARE SOME THINGS TO CONSIDER WHEN WRITING A
GOOD PROMPT. CONSIDER WRITING CLEAR INSTRUCTIONS WITH DETAILS IN YOUR QUERY.
CONSIDER ADOPTING A PERSONA AS WELL AS SPECIFYING THE FORMAT USING ITERATIVE
PROMPTING, MEANING IF YOU HAVE A MULTI-PART QUESTION OR IF THE FIRST RESPONSE
WASN'T SUFFICIENT, YOU CAN CONTINUE BY ASKING FOLLOW-UP QUESTIONS OR ASKING THE
MODEL TO ELABORATE AND AVOID LEADING THE [Link] NOT TO MAKE YOUR PROMPTS SO
LEADING THAT IT INADVERTENTLY TELLS THE MODEL WHAT ANSWER YOU'RE EXPECTING. THIS
MIGHT BIAS THE RESPONSE UNDULY. AND FINALLY, LIMIT THE SCOPE FOR LONG TOPICS. IF
YOU'RE ASKING ABOUT A BROAD TOPIC, IT'S HELPFUL TO BREAK IT DOWN OR LIMIT THE SCOPE
TO GET A MORE FOCUSED [Link]'S LOOK AT SOME OF THESE NOW. IN ORDER TO WRITE
CLEARER INSTRUCTIONS, WE CAN ADOPT WRITING MORE DETAILS IN OUR QUERIES. AND TO GET
THE BEST RESULTS, DON'T ASSUME THE AI KNOWS WHAT YOU ARE TALKING ABOUT. WRITING
SOMETHING LIKE, WHEN IS THE ELECTION, IMPLIES THAT YOU ARE EXPECTING THE AI TO KNOW
WHAT ELECTION YOU ARE TALKING ABOUT AND WHAT COUNTRY YOU [Link] MAY RESULT IN
YOU ASKING A FEW FOLLOW-UP QUESTIONS TO FINALLY GET THE RESULT YOU WANT,
RESULTING IN TIME LOSS AND FRANKLY, PERHAPS SOME FRUSTRATION. CONSIDER TAKING THE
TIME TO WRITE A PROMPT WITH CLEAR INSTRUCTIONS. SO, FOR EXAMPLE, INSTEAD OF WRITING,
WHEN IS THE ELECTION, YOU COULD WRITE, WHEN IS THE NEXT PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION FOR
POLAND? SO LET'S GO AHEAD AND RUN [Link] THIS WILL BE MUCH MORE PRECISE AND
KNOWS EXACTLY WHAT WE ARE ASKING ABOUT. IT'S NOT GONNA GO GUESSING AND WASTE
OUR TIME AS WELL AS WASTE OUR RESOURCES. SO IN OTHER WORDS, TOKENS THAT WE ARE
USING, SO IN OTHER WORDS, MONEY, IN ORDER TO GET THE RIGHT ANSWER THE FIRST TIME.
HERE ARE SOME OTHER EXAMPLES OF HOW YOU COULD WRITE CLEARER [Link] FOR
EXAMPLE, WE HAVE THIS PROMPT HERE, WHICH SAYS WRITE CODE TO FILTER OUT THE AGES
FROM DATA. AND IF YOU RUN IT, YOU DON'T REALLY KNOW WHAT LANGUAGE IT'S GONNA COME
BACK WITH, LET'S SEE. SO FOR EXAMPLE, HERE IT'S USING PYTHON. I ACTUALLY DIDN'T WANNA
USE PYTHON, OKAY? SO NOW WE'VE LOST SOME TOKENS ASKING [Link]'VE ALSO LOST SOME
TIME AND WE JUST HAVEN'T GOT THE RIGHT RESPONSE. THIS COULD HAVE BEEN SO EASILY
AVOIDED. SO I'M GONNA STOP THIS FROM GENERATING AND LET'S TRY AGAIN. SO THIS TIME,
LET'S BE MORE SPECIFIC BY WRITING, WRITE A JAVASCRIPT FUNCTION THAT WILL TAKE AN
ARRAY OF OBJECTS AND FILTER OUT THE VALUE OF AGE PROPERTY AND PUT THEM IN A NEW
[Link] EXPLAIN WHAT EACH CODE SNIPPET DOES. IN THIS EXAMPLE, I AM NOT
ASSUMING THE AI KNOWS WHAT COMPUTER LANGUAGE I LIKE TO USE AND I AM BEING MORE
SPECIFIC ABOUT WHAT MY DATA ACTUALLY LOOKS LIKE. ON THIS OCCASION, IT'S AN ARRAY OF
OBJECTS. NOT ONLY THAT, I'M ALSO ASKING THE AI TO EXPLAIN WHY IT'S DOING EACH STEP SO
THAT I IN TURN CAN UNDERSTAND AND NOT JUST COPY PASTE THE CODE WITHOUT GAINING
ANY KNOWLEDGE FROM [Link], SO HERE YOU CAN SEE A LIVE EXAMPLE OF WHAT'S COMING
BACK TO US FROM GPT-4. IT'S GIVEN US THE CORRECT CODE. SO I HAVE CHECKED THAT AND I
WAS ALSO GIVING US AN EXAMPLE OF HOW YOU WOULD USE THE FUNCTION, WHICH IS
SOMETHING I DIDN'T ASK, WHICH IS SUPER USEFUL. IT'S KIND OF GONE ABOVE AND BEYOND
FOR HELPING ME OUT IN UNDERSTANDING WHAT IS GOING [Link]'S LOOK AT ANOTHER
EXAMPLE. WE CAN WRITE, TELL ME WHAT THIS ESSAY IS ABOUT. SO I'M GOING TO JUST TYPE
THIS AND THEN JUST PASTE IN AN ESSAY AND HIT GO. AND THEN CHAT GPT WILL DO ITS THING.
IT'S GOING TO GIVE ME A SUMMARIZATION AS IT THINKS BEST. SO ON THIS OCCASION, IT IS
ESSENTIALLY GIVING ME NUMBERED POINTS ABOUT WHAT THIS ESSAY IS [Link]'RE
REALLY LONG. I REALLY DIDN'T WANT TO READ THIS MUCH. IT'S PRETTY MUCH LOOKING TO BE
THE SAME AS THE ORIGINAL ESSAY. SO THIS IS NOT SOMETHING I WANTED. I SHOULD HAVE
BEEN WAY MORE SPECIFIC IN TELLING IT WHAT I NEED. SO WHAT I'M GOING TO DO IS JUST ADD
TO THIS CONVERSATION. SO IT'S GOING TO LEARN ON WHAT I WROTE [Link] I'M JUST
GOING TO SPECIFY TO USE BULLET POINTS TO EXPLAIN WHAT THIS ESSAY IS ABOUT, MAKING
SURE EACH POINT IS NO LONGER THE 10 WORDS LONG. SO I AM BEING SUPER SPECIFIC IN
PROVIDING THE INSTRUCTIONS OF WHAT I WANT AND LET'S HIT GO. SO NOW THIS IS A LOT
SHORTER. OKAY, AS YOU CAN SEE, EACH POINT IS NO LONGER THAN 10 WORDS [Link]
THEN I'M GOING TO GET A SUMMARY THAT IS A BIT LONGER AND WILL GIVE ME A SUMMARY OF
THE ESSAY THAT I PASTED IN ABOVE. SO GREAT, OF COURSE YOU CAN DO THIS ON ANY ESSAY
OR PIECE OF TEXT THAT YOU WISH AND YOU CAN SET YOUR OWN CLEAR AND SPECIFIC
INSTRUCTIONS AS WELL. OKAY, SO I HOPE YOU CAN SEE WHY THE SECOND ONE IS [Link]'S
BECAUSE I AM NOT ASSUMING THE AI KNOWS WHAT KIND OF FORMAT I WANT THE
SUMMARIZATION OF THE ESSAY TO BE IN. I AM BEING SPECIFIC THAT I WANT VERY SHORT
NOTES ON THE ESSAY IN BULLET POINT FORMAT WITH A SHORT CONCLUSION AT THE END. IF I
DID NOT PUT THIS, THE SUMMARY COULD HAVE BEEN JUST AS LONG AS THE ESSAY ITSELF AND
THE PROMPT COULD BE CONSIDERED USELESS IN MY [Link] UP, WE CAN ALSO ADOPT A
PERSONA. WHEN WRITING PROMPTS, IT IS SOMETIMES HELPFUL TO CREATE A PERSONA. THIS
MEANS YOU'RE ASKING THE AI TO RESPOND TO YOU AND A CERTAIN CHARACTER. SO EXACTLY
LIKE THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHER EXAMPLE WE SAW EARLIER, USING A PERSONA IN
PROMPT ENGINEERING CAN HELP ENSURE THAT THE LANGUAGE MODEL'S OUTPUT IS RELEVANT,
USEFUL AND CONSISTENT WITH THE NEEDS AND PREFERENCES OF THE TARGET AUDIENCE,
MAKING IT A POWERFUL TOOL FOR DEVELOPING EFFECTIVE LANGUAGE MODELS THAT MEET THE
NEEDS OF [Link]'S LOOK AT SOME EXAMPLES OF ADOPTING A PERSONA. SO FOR EXAMPLE,
YOU'RE GONNA HAVE THIS PROMPT RIGHT HERE. WRITE A POEM FOR A SISTER'S HIGH SCHOOL
GRADUATION THAT WILL BE READ OUT TO A FAMILY AND CLOSE FRIENDS. SO LET'S GO AHEAD
AND RUN THIS AND LET'S SEE WHAT COMES BACK. SO THERE WE [Link] IS QUITE GOOD IN A
ROOM FILLED WITH KIN AND CLOSE TIES. WE GATHERED TO HONOR THE MIST IN OUR EYES FOR
A JOURNEY HAS ENDED ANOTHER BEGUN AS OUR DEAR SISTER STEPS INTO THE SUN. OKAY, SO
IT'S COMING OUT WITH A POEM I CAN SEE HERE. IT IS QUITE A GOOD ONE, I GUESS, PROBABLY
BETTER THAN ANYTHING THAT I WOULD HAVE [Link] IT IS MAYBE A LITTLE BIT GENERIC.
MAYBE THAT'S WHAT YOU WANTED. I THINK WE CAN DO BETTER THAN THIS. SO LET'S TRY THIS.
THIS TIME I'M GONNA WRITE A PROMPT WITH A PERSONA. SO THIS TIME I'M GONNA SPECIFY
WHO I'M WRITING AS. I'M GONNA DO WRITE A POEM AS HELENA. HELENA IS 25 YEARS OLD AND
AN AMAZING [Link] WRITING STYLE IS SIMILAR TO FAMOUS 21ST CENTURY POET RUPI
KAUR. WRITING AS HELENA, WRITE A POEM FOR HER 18 YEAR OLD SISTER TO CELEBRATE HER
SISTER'S HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATION. HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATION, THIS WILL BE READ OUT TO
FRIENDS AND FAMILY AT THE GATHERING. OKAY, SO LET'S CHECK IT OUT NOW. WE'RE WRITING
AS HELENA, SHE'S 25, SHE'S AN AMAZING WRITER AND WE'VE ALSO ASSIGNED A WRITING
[Link] LET'S CHECK IT OUT. NOW CHAT GPT SHOULD BE USING ANYTHING IT KNOWS ABOUT
RUPI KAUR, HOPEFULLY FROM THE INTERNET, IN ORDER TO APPLY THAT STYLE TO THIS POEM.
OKAY, AND AS YOU CAN SEE, THIS IS MAYBE A LITTLE BIT MORE AFFECTIONATE. WE'VE SAID
SISTER, IT'S OBVIOUSLY A YOUNGER SISTER, SO THE WORDS LITTLE SISTER ARE BEING
[Link] IN GENERAL, I THINK THIS IS A MUCH HIGHER QUALITY POEM AND IF HELENA TRULY
DOES HAVE THE STYLE OF RUPI KAUR IN WRITING, IT WILL BE ALMOST INDISTINGUISHABLE WHO
WROTE THIS POEM, CHAT GPT OR HELENA. SO HERE WE GO, HERE'S THE FULL THING. IT STARTS
OFF, IN THE GARDEN OF OUR YOUTH, I WATCH YOU BLOOM FROM BUD TO BLOSSOM, FROM
CHILD TO WOMAN, 18 SUMMERS [Link], UTILIZING THE FACT THAT WE FED IT, SHE WAS
18 AND EVERY WINTER'S CHILL ONLY MADE YOU STRONGER, A FORCE OF NATURE STILL. SO YES,
IN MY EYES, THIS POEM IS A LOT MORE BETTER IT'S MUCH MORE REFINED, IT'S MUCH MORE
PERSONAL, THANKS TO THE PROMPTS THAT WE WROTE. WE'VE ALREADY HAD A BRIEF LOOK AT
SPECIFYING FORMAT WHEN WE LIMITED THE WORD COUNT OF OUR BULLET POINTS IN A
PREVIOUS [Link] THAT WAS A GREAT EXAMPLE, LIMITING WORDS IS ONE THAT I USE
OFTEN. HOWEVER, WE CAN DO A BUNCH OF OTHER THINGS, INCLUDING SPECIFYING IF
SOMETHING IS A SUMMARY, A LIST OR A DETAILED EXPLANATION. HECK, YOU CAN EVEN CREATE
CHECKLISTS. SO I'M GOING TO GO AHEAD AND SHOW YOU HOW TO DO THIS. HERE IS AN
EXAMPLE PROMPT AND I'M JUST GOING TO RUN [Link] THERE WE GO, WE HAVE CREATED A
CHECKLIST. SO MANY THINGS YOU CAN DO IN CHAT GPT. JUST MAKE SURE TO SPECIFY THE TYPE
OF FORMAT YOU WANT AND IT SHOULD BE ABLE TO DO IT. OKAY, GREAT. NOW THAT WE
LOOKED AT SOME BEST PRACTICES, LET'S MOVE ON TO SOME MORE ADVANCED TOPICS IN THE
PROMPT ENGINEERING. IN THIS SECTION, I'M GOING TO TALK ABOUT TWO TYPES OF PROMPTING
WE CAN DO, ZERO-SHOT PROMPTING AND FEW-SHOT [Link]-SHOT PROMPTING
LEVERAGES A PRE-TRAINED MODEL'S UNDERSTANDING OF WORDS AND CONCEPT
RELATIONSHIPS WITHOUT FURTHER TRAINING. AND FEW-SHOT PROMPTING ENHANCES THE
MODEL WITH TRAINING EXAMPLES VIA THE PROMPT AVOIDING RETRAINING. SO ESSENTIALLY IN
THE CONTEXT OF THE GPT-4 MODEL, WE DON'T REALLY NEED TO DO [Link] ARE ALREADY
USING ALL OF THE DATA THAT IT HAS IN ORDER TO ASK WHEN IS CHRISTMAS IN AMERICA? SO
LET'S GO AHEAD AND DO SOME ZERO-SHOT PROMPTING. WHEN IS CHRISTMAS IN AMERICA? AND
HERE, GO. OKAY, SO IT CLEARLY ALREADY HAS THE DATA FOR THIS. WE DON'T NEED TO ADD
ANY EXAMPLES OR ANYTHING LIKE THAT. SO AS YOU CAN SEE, ZERO-SHOT PROMPTING REFERS
TO A WAY OF QUERYING MODELS LIKE GPT WITHOUT ANY EXPLICIT TRAINING EXAMPLES FOR
THE TASK AT [Link] THE CONTEXT OF MACHINE LEARNING AND NOT JUST GPT, ZERO-SHOT
TYPICALLY MEANS THAT A MODEL PERFORMS A TASK WITHOUT HAVING SEEN ANY EXAMPLES OF
THAT TASK DURING ITS TRAINING. OKAY, GREAT. SO NOW LET'S LOOK AT FEW-SHOT
PROMPTING. SO ONCE AGAIN, WITH ZERO-SHOT PROMPTING, WE GAVE OUR LANGUAGE MODEL
A PROMPT AND GOT A [Link] SOMETIMES THAT'S JUST NOT ENOUGH AND WE NEED A
BIT MORE TRAINING. SO LET'S USE FEW-SHOT PROMPTING AND LEVEL UP OUR LANGUAGE
MODEL BY SHOWING A FEW EXAMPLES OF THE TASKS WE WANT IT TO PERFORM. SO INSTEAD OF
ZERO EXAMPLES, WE GIVE IT A TINY BIT OF DATA. SO LET'S THINK, WHAT WOULD GPT FOR NOT
KNOW? I GUESS IT WOULD NOT KNOW MY FAVORITE TYPES OF [Link] FOR EXAMPLE, LET'S
CHECK, WHAT IS ANIA'S FAVORITE TYPE OF FOOD? PLURAL, OKAY. AND I MEAN, IT CAN GUESS,
BUT NO, IT'S JUST TELLING ME THAT IT DOESN'T KNOW. SO THAT IS ABSOLUTELY FINE, LET'S
STOP GENERATING. SO NOW LET'S FEED IT IN SOME EXAMPLE DATA. I'M GONNA FEED IT IN A
TINY BIT OF [Link]'S FAVORITE TYPE OF FOOD INCLUDES, SORRY ABOUT MY ENGLISH. LET'S
GO WITH BURGERS, FRIES, I LOVE FRIES, PIZZA, AND HIT ENTER, OKAY? SO WE ARE ESSENTIALLY
GIVING CHAT GPT SOME INFORMATION. SO NOW IF I TYPE WHAT RESTAURANT SHOULD I TAKE
ANIA TO IN DUBAI THIS WEEKEND AND HIT HERE, IT SHOULD HOPEFULLY UNDERSTAND THAT MY
FAVORITE TYPES OF FOODS ARE BURGERS, FRIES, AND PIZZA, AND GIVEN THAT FIND ME SOME
RESTAURANTS IN DUBAI THAT I WOULD LIKE TO GO [Link] HERE ARE SOME, THIS HAS BEEN
UPDATED AS OF SEPTEMBER, 2021, BUT YOU KNOW, THESE ARE PRETTY GOOD ONES. SO I
WOULD TOTALLY GO TO THESE. THIS IS A GREAT EXAMPLE OF FEW SHOP PROMPTING IN WHICH
IT WOULDN'T HAVE BEEN ABLE TO ANSWER THIS QUESTION IF I HADN'T HAD GIVEN IT SOME
EXAMPLE DATA OR JUST TRAINED THE MODEL A LITTLE BIT MORE IN ORDER TO GET THE
RESPONSE THAT I [Link], AI HALLUCINATIONS. NOW WE'RE DELVING INTO SOMETHING
YOU PROBABLY NEVER THOUGHT YOU'D HEAR IN AN AI CONTEXT AND THAT'S HALLUCINATIONS.
SO WHAT EXACTLY ARE AI HALLUCINATIONS? AND NO, THEY'RE NOT WHEN YOUR AI ASSISTANTS
START SEEING UNICORNS AND RAINBOWS. IT'S ACTUALLY A TIME THAT REFERS TO THE
UNUSUAL OUTPUTS THAT AI MODELS CAN PRODUCE WHEN THEY MISINTERPRET DATA.A PRIME
EXAMPLE OF THIS IS GOOGLE'S DEEP DREAM. YOU KNOW, THAT PROJECT THAT TURNS PICTURES
OF YOUR DOG INTO A NIGHTMARISH BLEND OF DOG FACES AND WELL, MORE DOG FACES. DEEP
DREAM IS AN EXPERIMENT THAT VISUALIZES THE PATTERNS LEARNED BY A NEURAL NETWORK.
IT IS BUILT TO OVER INTERPRET AND ENHANCE THE PATTERNS IT SEES IN AN IMAGE, OR IN
OTHER WORDS, FILL IN THE GAPS WITH [Link] SOME OF THE TIME THOSE GAPS CAN BE
FILLED WITH THE WRONG THING. THIS IS AN EXAMPLE OF AN UNUSUAL OUTPUT THAT AI
MODELS CAN PRODUCE WHEN THEY MISINTERPRET DATA. NOW, WHY DO THESE
HALLUCINATIONS HAPPEN, YOU ASK? THEY'RE TRAINED ON A HUGE AMOUNT OF DATA AND THEY
MAKE SENSE OF NEW DATA BASED ON WHAT THEY'VE SEEN [Link], HOWEVER,
THEY MAKE CONNECTIONS THAT ARE, LET'S CALL IT CREATIVE. AND VOILA, AN AI
HALLUCINATION OCCURS. DESPITE THEIR FUNNY RESULTS, AI HALLUCINATIONS AREN'T JUST
ENTERTAINING. THEY'RE ALSO QUITE ENLIGHTENING. THEY SHOW US HOW OUR AI MODELS
INTERPRET AND UNDERSTAND DATA. IT'S LIKE A SNEAK PEEK INTO THEIR THOUGHT
[Link] EXAMPLE IS ACTUALLY AN AI IMAGE HALLUCINATION, AS I THOUGHT IT WOULD
BE A FUN ONE TO SHOW. AI HALLUCINATIONS CAN ALSO HAPPEN WITH TEXT MODELS. AN
EXAMPLE OF THIS IS US ASKING A TEXT MODEL ABOUT A HISTORICAL FIGURE AND THE TEXT
MODEL NOT HAVING AN ANSWER AND HALLUCINATING ONE INSTEAD, RESULTING IN AN
INACCURATE [Link] AND TEXT EMBEDDINGS. TO FINISH OFF, I'M GOING TO LEAVE
YOU WITH A SLIGHTLY MORE COMPLEX SUBJECT. WE'RE GOING TO TAKE A QUICK LOOK AT THE
TOPIC OF TEXT EMBEDDING AND VECTORS. IN COMPUTER SCIENCE, PARTICULARLY IN THE
REALM OF MACHINE LEARNING AND NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING OR NLP, TEXT
EMBEDDING IS A POPULAR TECHNIQUE TO REPRESENT TEXTUAL INFORMATION IN A FORMAT
THAT CAN BE EASILY PROCESSED BY ALGORITHMS, ESPECIALLY DEEP LEARNING [Link] THE
CONTEXT OF PROMPT ENGINEERING, LLM EMBEDDING REFERS TO REPRESENTING PROMPTS IN A
FORM THAT THE MODEL CAN UNDERSTAND AND PROCESS. THIS INVOLVES CONVERTING THE
TEXT PROMPT INTO A HIGH DIMENSIONAL VECTOR THAT CAPTURES ITS SEMANTIC INFORMATION.
SO ESSENTIALLY THE WORD FOOD IS REPRESENTED BY THIS. IF USING THE CREATE EMBEDDING
API FROM OPEN [Link], SO YOU WILL SEE IT'S REPRESENTED, THE WORD WAS REPRESENTED
BY AN ARRAY OF LOTS AND LOTS OF NUMBERS. BUT WHY DO THIS? WELL, THINK ABOUT IT THIS
WAY. IF YOU ASK A COMPUTER TO COME BACK WITH A SIMILAR WORD TO FOOD, YOU WOULDN'T
REALLY EXPECT IT TO COME BACK WITH BURGER OR PIZZA, RIGHT? THAT'S WHAT A HUMAN
MIGHT DO WHEN THINKING OF SIMILAR WORDS TO FOOD.A COMPUTER WOULD MORE LIKELY
LOOK AT THE WORD LEXICOGRAPHICALLY, KIND OF LIKE WHEN YOU SCROLL THROUGH A
DICTIONARY AND COME BACK WITH FOOT, FOR EXAMPLE. THIS IS KIND OF USELESS TO US. WE
WANNA CAPTURE A WORD'S SEMANTIC MEANING. SO THE MEANING BEHIND THE WORD. TEXT
EMBEDDINGS DO ESSENTIALLY THAT, THANKS TO THE DATA CAPTURED IN THIS SUPER LONG
[Link], I CAN FIND WORDS THAT ARE SIMILAR TO FOOD IN A LARGE CORPUS OF TEXT BY
COMPARING TEXT EMBEDDING TO TEXT EMBEDDING AND RETURNING THE MOST SIMILAR ONES.
SO WORDS SUCH AS BURGER INSTEAD OF FOOT WILL BE MORE SIMILAR. TO CREATE A TEXT
EMBEDDING OF A WORD OR EVEN A WHOLE SENTENCE, CHECK OUT THE CREATE EMBEDDING
API HERE FROM [Link] HERE'S THE URL THAT YOU SHOULD VISIT AND TO CREATE YOUR
OWN TEXT EMBEDDING, YOU'RE GONNA HAVE TO CREATE A POST REQUEST TO THIS ENDPOINT.
OKAY, SO THAT'S WHAT YOU CAN DO. YOU CAN ALSO TAKE THE CODE FROM HERE. SO THIS IS
AN EXAMPLE REQUEST WRITTEN IN [Link] AND YOU WOULD HAVE TO INSTALL THE OPENAI
PACKAGE, TAKE THESE TWO METHODS FROM IT IN ORDER TO PASS THROUGH YOUR OPENAI API
KEY THAT I SHOWED YOU HOW TO GET [Link] A REFRESHER, YOU SHOULD GO HERE AND
VIEW API KEYS TO CREATE YOUR OWN API KEY. AND ONCE YOU PASS THAT THROUGH, YOU CAN
THEN USE THE CONFIGURATION AND PASS IT THROUGH HERE IN ORDER TO USE OPENAI AND
ALL OF ITS WONDERFULNESS, INCLUDING THE CREATE EMBEDDING METHOD IN WHICH YOU
PASS THROUGH AN OBJECT. THAT OBJECT HAS TO INCLUDE THE MODEL AND IT ALSO IS GONNA
INCLUDE THE [Link] IN THIS CASE, IT IS THE TEXT THAT YOU WANT TO TURN INTO AN
EMBEDDING. SO THIS IS THE CODE FOR DOING THAT. AND HERE IS THE RESPONSE, WHICH
COMES BACK AS AN OBJECT. AND THEN YOU WOULD USE DOT NOTATION TO GET THE DATA, GO
INTO THE ARRAY IN ORDER TO GET THE EMBEDDING. SO THIS IS GONNA BE THE EMBEDDING
THAT WE SAW [Link]'S AN ARRAY MADE UP OF NUMBERS AND A LOT OF THESE NUMBERS,
OKAY? SO NOT JUST THESE THREE, THIS DOES SPILL OUT AND THIS WILL BE A VERY, VERY LONG
ARRAY OF NUMBERS THAT WILL GIVE YOU THIS SEMANTIC MEANING OF WHATEVER TEXT YOU
PASS THROUGH, OKAY? SO PLEASE HAVE A GO AT PLAYING AROUND WITH THIS API IN ORDER TO
CREATE YOUR OWN TEXT EMBEDDINGS AND COMPARE THEM AGAINST OTHER TEXTS
EMBEDDINGS IN ORDER TO FIND SIMILAR [Link] THAT'S IT. THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR
WATCHING THIS COURSE ON PROMPT ENGINEERING IN WHICH WE COVERED WHAT IT IS. WE
COVERED AN INTRODUCTION TO AI AS WELL AS LOOKED AT LINGUISTICS, LANGUAGE MODELS,
PROMPT ENGINEERING MINDSET, USING GPT-4, HOW TO LOOK AT BEST PRACTICES AS WELL AS
ZERO SHOT AND FEW SHOT PROMPTING, AS WELL AS AI HALLUCINATIONS, VECTORS OR TEXTS
EMBEDDINGS AND THIS RECAP RIGHT [Link] I HOPE YOU'VE ENJOYED IT AND I'LL SEE YOU
AGAIN ON THE FREECOCAM CHANNEL.