1. What were the main social and political factors that led to the Language 3.

3. Discuss some vital economic challenges that Bangladesh is facing now.

Movement in East Pakistan? Bangladesh is moving forward, but the road is not smooth. Some of the major
challenges are:
The Language Movement of East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) did not come 1. Overpopulation – Too many people put pressure on land, food,
suddenly. It was the result of long-standing social and political reasons. After the health, and jobs.
creation of Pakistan in 1947, the ruling elites of West Pakistan tried to impose 2. Unemployment – Many young graduates remain jobless or
Urdu as the only state language of the country. But for the people of East underemployed.
Pakistan, this was deeply unfair. Bengali was spoken by the majority population 3. Dependence on garments sector – Too much reliance on a single
of Pakistan—almost 56%. Naturally, the people of East Pakistan wanted their industry makes the economy risky.
mother tongue, Bangla, to be recognized along with Urdu. When the central 4. Low industrial diversification – Other industries like technology,
government ignored this demand, it created frustration and anger. Apart from pharmaceuticals, and heavy industries are not developed enough.
language, there were other social and political factors too. West Pakistan started 5. Corruption and poor governance – Misuse of resources slows down
to dominate all government jobs, administration, and economic policies. East growth.
Pakistanis felt neglected and discriminated against. The denial of cultural identity 6. Energy crisis – Shortage of electricity and fuel affects industry.
and the attempt to silence their mother tongue became a symbol of political and 7. Environmental issues – Climate change, floods, and cyclones
social inequality. Therefore, the Language Movement was not just about a threaten our agriculture and economy.
language; it was a fight for dignity, equality, and recognition of cultural identity.
This struggle united students, teachers, and common people, leading to the 4. Recommend some solutions to the challenges of the economy of
historic events of 21st February 1952, when many brave souls sacrificed their Bangladesh.
lives. To overcome these challenges, Bangladesh needs both short-term and long-term
strategies. Some possible solutions are:
2. Describe the background and history of the Constitution of Bangladesh
and explain its salient features. • Population control: Strong family planning programs and awareness
campaigns.
The Constitution of Bangladesh is the most important legal document of our • Job creation: Develop small and medium enterprises (SMEs),
country. After the Liberation War in 1971, the independent nation needed a clear encourage entrepreneurship, and expand IT-based jobs.
set of rules and principles to govern itself. For this purpose, a Constituent
Assembly was formed in 1972. Under the leadership of Father of the Nation
• Industrial diversification: Reduce dependence on garments and
grow other sectors like shipbuilding, IT, tourism, and agro-
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the Constitution was drafted and it came
processing.
into effect on 16 December 1972, exactly one year after victory.
The Constitution reflects the spirit of our Liberation War. It is based on four • Education reform: Provide practical and technical education so that
fundamental principles: graduates are ready for the job market.
1. Nationalism – Unity and pride in our Bangladeshi identity. • Fight corruption: Ensure transparency, good governance, and
2. Democracy – Power belongs to the people through their elected accountability.
representatives.
3. Socialism – Ensuring social and economic justice for all. • Infrastructure development: Improve roads, ports, and power
4. Secularism – Freedom of religion and equal rights for all faiths. supply.
Some of the salient features of the Constitution are: • Environmental adaptation: Invest in climate-resilient agriculture
• Bangladesh is a unitary, independent, sovereign Republic. and green energy.

• The people are the source of all power.

• Fundamental rights like freedom of speech, equality before law, right
to education, and protection of culture are guaranteed.
• The structure of government has three organs: Legislature, Executive,
and Judiciary.
• Bangladesh follows a parliamentary form of government.
• The Constitution is the supreme law—no law can go against it.
In short, the Constitution of Bangladesh is not just a legal document; it is the
reflection of our national struggle, hopes, and dreams for a just and prosperous
society.
1. What do you understand by the term “Economic Emergence”?

The term Economic Emergence means the process through which a country
moves forward from being a poor or underdeveloped economy towards becoming
a developing or even developed one. It is like a journey where the economy grows
stronger, industries expand, trade increases, and the living standard of people
[Link] example, when new factories open, more people get jobs, when
exports grow, or when technology is used in farming and industry—these all show
economic emergence. In simple words, it means the rise of an economy into a
stronger position in the world.

2. Which are the common characteristics of the Economy of Bangladesh?

The economy of Bangladesh has some unique but common features:

• Agriculture-based: A large part of our people still depend on
farming, though industry is growing fast.
• Large population: With more than 170 million people, population
pressure is very high.
• Labor-intensive economy: Our garments industry and other sectors
mostly depend on cheap labor.
• Export dependency: Ready-made garments (RMG) make up the
largest portion of exports.
• Low per capita income: Although improving, income per person is
still lower compared to developed countries.
• Remittance support: A large part of foreign currency comes from
Bangladeshis working abroad.
• Development challenges: Corruption, poor infrastructure, and
unemployment still affect the economy.