1. What is the disadvantage of ideal filter? How do we rectify the same?
5
2. Develop 8 connectivity chain code, first difference and circular first difference for the image. 5
3. Justify “The Histogram can be same for different images” 5
4. Apply a non- linear filter on the image given and comment on the effect. 5
10 10 10 10 10 10 10
10 10 10 10 10 10 10
10 10 10 10 10 10 10
10 100 10 10 10 10 10
10 10 10 10 10 50 10
10 10 10 10 10 10 10
10 10 10 10 50 10 10
10 10 10 10 0 10 10
10 10 10 10 10 10 10
5. Explain the principles of statistical and structural/syntactic classification techniques used in digital 10
image processing. Compare their methodologies, advantages, limitations, and typical applications.
Support your answer with suitable diagrams or examples.
6. Perform histogram stretching so that new image is in dynamic range 0-7. Draw the original and 10
equalized histograms and discuss the results
Grey Level 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Number of Pixels 0 0 50 60 50 20 10 0
7. Show that 3X3 Sobel and Prewitt’s mask have both smoothening and gradient filter. 5
8. What is the difference between linear and non-linear neighborhood operations in image
processing?
9. “Perceived brightness is not a simple function of intensity “Comment on the statement 5
10. Apply the neighbourhood process which is defined by the frequency response on the given 5
image
2 2 2 2 10 10 10
2 2 2 2 10 10 10
2 2 2 2 10 10 10
2 2 2 2 10 10 10
10 10 10 10 10 10 10
10 10 10 10 10 10 10
11. State the types of images and their features. 5
12. Apply the point operation shown in the graph on the image given with a=150,b=200,L-1=255 5
200 120 10 100 200
140 120 100 110 230
200 180 165 174 190
210 213 198 168 200
120 200 190 137 165
13. Develop4 connectivity chain code, first difference and circular first difference for the image. 5
14. Apply a non linear intensity transformation on the image given and comment on the effect 5
10 10 10 10 10 10 10
10 10 10 10 10 10 10
10 10 10 10 10 10 10
10 100 10 10 10 10 10
10 10 10 10 10 50 10
10 10 10 10 10 10 10
10 10 10 10 50 10 10
10 10 10 10 0 10 10
10 10 10 10 10 10 10
15. How do Butterworth and Gaussian filters overcome the difficulty of Ideal Filter. What modification in 5
these filters will make the working is at par with ideal filtering
16. “Derivative operators are important in image segmentation” discuss the methods where derivative 5
operators are used in image [Link] any one Edge detection Kernel based on
derivatives
17. Apply Histogram Equalization to the image with following histogram. 10
Grey Level 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
No. of pixels 0 0 0 614 819 1230 819 614
Draw the original and equalized histograms
18. “Morphological closing get rid of small holes and fuse narrow breaks “Justify the statement with 10
definition of Closing operator Perform closing operation on the 10X10 image with the given
structuring element.
1
1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
19. Explain the process of image formation in the human eye 5
20. Identify the point transformations and apply the transformation on the 8 bit image below 5
121 205 217 156 151
139 127 157 117 125
252 117 236 138 142
227 182 178 197 242
201 106 119 251 240
21. The thresholded image segment has resulted in the following edge points. Find the equation of the 10
line that passes through maximum number of points using Hough Transform. The points are: (1,4)
(2,3) (3,1) (4,1) (5,0)
22. Discuss the importance of sampling and quantization in digital image processing. 5
23. Explain the concept of brightness adaptation and discrimination in visual perception 5
24. Apply the neighbourhood process which is defined by the frequency response on the given image 5
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
100 100100 100 100 10 10 10
100 100100 100 100 10 10 10
100 100100 100 100 10 10 10
100 100100 100 100 10 10 10
100 100100 100 100 10 10 10
25. Apply region growing with predicate max{g(x, y)} - min{g(x, y) 3(x, y R) 10
5 6 6 6 7 7 6 6
6 7 6 7 5 5 4 7
6 6 4 4 3 2 5 6
5 4 5 4 2 3 4 6
0 3 2 3 3 2 4 7
0 0 0 0 2 2 5 6
1 1 0 1 0 3 4 4
1 0 1 0 2 3 5 4
26. If all the pixels in an image are shuffled, will there be any change in the histogram? Justify your 5
answer. Perform histogram equalization of the given image.
4 4 4 4 4
3 4 5 4 3
3 5 5 5 3
3 4 5 4 3
4 4 4 4 4
27. Compare linear and non linear neighborhood filters 5
28. If all the pixels in an image are shuffled, will there be any change in the histogram? Justify your 10
answer. Perform histogram equalization of the given image.
4 4 4 4 4
3 4 5 4 3
3 5 5 5 3
3 4 5 4 3
4 4 4 4 4
29. Describe the Laplacian operator and its role in edge detection. How does it differ from gradient- 5
based methods?
30. An 8-bit grayscale image has pixel intensity values ranging from 0 to 255 as follows: 5
125 255 40 60
140 25 182 0
60 50 190 220
If a global threshold value of 100 is applied for segmentation, how many distinct pixel intensity
values will be present in the resulting binary image? Give the segmented image.
31. How does the human visual system's ability to adapt to varying brightness levels influence the 5
effectiveness of medical imaging techniques, such as X-rays or MRIs, in clinical diagnosis?
32. Explain region splitting and merging technique for image segmentation with suitable example. 5
33. Apply opening and closing on the image using given structuring element. 10
1 0 0 0 1
0 1 1 1 0
1 1 1 0 0
0 0 0 1 1
1 1 1
34. “Morphological Opening generally smooths the contours of the image, breaks down narrow bridges 10
and eliminates thin protrusions “Justify the statement with definition of Opening operator.
Perform opening operation on the 10X10 image with the given structuring element.
1
1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0
0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0
0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0
0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
35.