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Basic Research Methods

Research is a systematic process of collecting and analyzing information, categorized into qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative designs include grounded theory, ethnography, and narrative research, while quantitative designs encompass experimental, correlational, and survey methods. Research orientations include positivist, interpretive, and critical approaches, with an emphasis on ethical considerations and the use of inductive and deductive models.

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Basic Research Methods

Research is a systematic process of collecting and analyzing information, categorized into qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative designs include grounded theory, ethnography, and narrative research, while quantitative designs encompass experimental, correlational, and survey methods. Research orientations include positivist, interpretive, and critical approaches, with an emphasis on ethical considerations and the use of inductive and deductive models.

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scig29624
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Research is a process of steps used to collect and analyse information to increase our

understanding of a topic or issue. There are two major types of Research : A-Quantitative research
B- Qualitative Research

BASIC RESEARCH METHODS

Qualitative Research Design

Grounded theory designs are systematic qualitative procedures that are used to generate a general
explanation. Ethnography research designs are used to interpret cultural group’s shared patterns of
behaviour. Narrative research design describe lives of individuals their experiences in narration.

Quantitative Research design

Experimental research is a method for investigating cause and effect under highly controlled
conditions. Correlational Research design is used to identify degree of association between two or
more variables. Survey is a procedure of collecting data from a sample of a population

Research orientations Three ways to do Sociological research

Positivist Approach: The study of society based on systematic observation of social behavior.
Interpretive Approach :the study of society that focuses on discovering the meaning people attach
to their social world. Critical approach: the study of society that focuses on the need for social
change.

The Logic of cause and effect

Cause and Effect are relationship between two phenomena or correlation analysis of “X” and “ Y”
variables. Example: Durkheim’s theory of suicide Independent variable or social causes : Religious
beliefs, gender, Race, Family, occupation , marital status Dependent Variable or effect: Four types
of Suicide

Research Ethics

Consent from Respondents Informing participants about purpose of the study Refraining from
Deceptive practices Maintaining Confidentiality Plagiarism Funding agency’s name mentioning

Inductive and Deductive Models of Research

Inductive Model:- To move from data to theory, or from the specific to the general. Example :
Durkheim Theory of Suicide Deductive Model:- In this the researcher move from a more general
level to a more specific one. Example: Race and Gender plays role in getting higher education

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