OUR UNIVERSE

The Universe contains billions of galaxies

each containing millions or billions of stars,
The space between the stars and galaxies is
largely empty. However, even places far
from stars and planets contain scattered
particles of dust or a few hydrogen atoms
per cubic centimeter, space is also filled
with radiation (e. g. Light and heat)
magnetic fields and high energy particles
(e. g, cosmic energy )
The universe is incredibly huge. It would
take a modern jet fighter more than a
million year to reach the nearest star to the
sun, Travelling at the speed of light
(300000) km per second) It would take
100,000 years to cross our milky way galaxy
alone
No one knows the exact size of the
universe because we cannot see the edge
if there is one all we do know is that the
visible universe is at least 93 billions light
travels in one year about 9 trillion k. m
The universe has not always been the same
size scientists believe it began in a Big
bang, which took place nearly 14 billion
years ago, since then the universe
because we cannot see the edge if there is
one, All we do know is that the visible
Universe is at least 93 billion eight years
across (A light year is the distance light
travels in one year about 9 trillion km
The universe has not always been the
same size, scientists believe it began in a
big bang, which took place nearly 14 billion
years ago, since then the universe has
been expanding outward at very high
speed so area of space we now see is
billions of times bigger than it was when
the universe was very young the galaxies
are also moving further apart as the
space between them expands.
Our Galaxy is called the milky way. You
might be wondering what a Galaxy is A
galaxy is a huge collection of stars planets,
gasas and dust, when we look up at the
night sky we see the stars in our milky way
Galaxy,
Look at the sky for some time, we some
stars forming groups with shapes, that has
a recognisable shape is called a
constellation.
A constellation does not have only 5-10
stars it has a large number of stars the sun
is the nearest star from us.
Our sun also one of the star infact the sun is
the central star of our solar system, it
contains of large number of bodies. Such as
planets comets, asteroids and meteors
the gravitational attraction between the
sun and these objects keep them revolving
around it.
Sun continuously emitting huge amounts of
heat and light, the sun is the source of
almost all energy on the Earth, intact the
sun is the main source of heat and light for
all the planets.
The planets look like Stars but they do not
have light of their own they merely reflect
the sunlight that falls on them.
A planet has definite path in which it
revolves around the sun this path is called
an orbit, the time taken by a planet to
complete one revolution is called its period
of revolution increases as the distance of
the planet increases from the sun besides
revolving around sun a planet also rotates
on it’s own oxis like a top.
Some planets are known to have
moons/satellites revolving round them, any
celestial body revolving around another
celestial body is called it’s satellite moon
is a satellite of the earth.
There are eight planets including our home
Earth, which orbit the sun, in order of their
orbits closest to the sun these planets are
called Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter,
Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.
Mercury :(Budh)
The planet Mercury is nearest to the sun
it’s the smallest planet of our solar system.
Because Mercury is very close to the sun.
It’s very difficult to observe, it as most of
the time it is hidden in the glare of the sun,
Mercury has no satellite of it’s own.
Venus:( Shukra)
Venus is Earth’s nearest planetary
neighbor, it is the brightest planet in the
night sky, sometimes Venus appears in the
eastern sky before sunrise sometimes it
appears in the western sky just after
sunset, therefore it is often called a
morning or an evening star venus has no
moon or satellite of it’s own Venus is
known as Earth’s sister planet .
The Earth : (Prithvi)
The earth is the only planet in the solar
system on which life is known to exist
somne special environmental conditions
are responsible for the existence and
continuation of life on the Earth , these
include just the right distance from the
sun so that it has the right temperature
range presence of water and suitable
atmosphere and a blanket of ozone, the
Earth has only one Moon.
Mars (Mangal): The next planet the first
outside the orbit of the Earth is Mars, It
appears slightly reddish and therefore it is
also called the red planet, Mars has two
small natural satellites.
Jupiter (Brihaspati)-Jupiter has a large
number of satellites, it also has faint rings
around ityou can easily recognize Jupiter
as it appears quite bright in thesky, if you
observe it with help of a telescope it has
four large moons.
Staurn : ( Shani)
Beyond Jupiter is Saturn which appears
Yellowish in colour what makes it unique in
the solar system is it’s beautiful rings .
these rings are not Visible with the naked
eye. Saturn also has a large number of
satellites one interesting thing about
saturn it that it is the least dense among all
the planets, Its density is less than that of
water
Uranus and Neptune
These are outermost planets of the solar
system they can be seen only with the
help of large telescopes like Venus, Uranus
also rotates from east ti west. The most
remarkable feature of Uranus is that it has
highly tilted rotational axis.
The first four planets Mercury, Venus,
Earth and Mars are much nearer the sun
than the other four planets they are called
the inner planets, the inner planets have
very few Moons.
The planets out side the orbit of Mars,
namely Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune are much farther off than the
inner planets, they are called the outer
planets they have a ring system around
them the outer planets have large number
of moons
Some other members of the solar system
There are other bodies which revolve
around the sun, they we also members of
the solar system, let us learn about some
of them.
Asteroids :There is a large gap in between
the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, this gap is
accupied by a large number of small
objects that revolves around the sun.
These are called asteroids. Asteroids can
only be seen through large telescope’s.
Comets : comets are also members of our
Solar system they revolve around the sun
in highly elliptical orbits, however their
period of revolution round the sun is
usually very long
A comet appears generally as a bright head
with long tail. Many comets are known to
appear periodically one such comet is
Halley cometwhich appears after nearly
every 76 years it was last seen in 1986
Meteors : A meteors is usually a small
object that continuously enters the earth’s
atmosphere at that time it has a very high
speed. The friction due to the atmosphere
heats it up it’s glows and evaporates
quickly that’s why the bright steak lasts for
a very short time.
OUR EARTH :