Suez Canal University
Electrical Engineering Department
Image Processing
LEC. 1: INTRODUCTION
Ahmed.m.1986@[Link]
+201227059094
OUTLINES
Instructor’s information.
Student’s information and qualification.
Course information.
Class instructions.
Course objectives.
Introduction.
Candidate Textbooks/References.
A. PROF. AHMED MAGDY 2/20/2026 2
INSTRUCTOR’S INFORMATION
Theoretical Part:
A. Prof. Ahmed Magdy Mohamed
• Email: ahmed.m.1986@[Link]
• Office hours: Sunday – Monday
• Office: My office 0R2 in SCU – GST2 in NINU.
• MSISDN: 00201227059094
Practical Part:
Teaching assistant:
• Eng. Sondos
A. PROF. AHMED MAGDY 2/20/2026 3
STUDENT’S
INFORMATION
AND
QUALIFICATION
A. PROF. AHMED MAGDY 2/20/2026 4
COURSE INFORMATION
Credit hours: 3h Classroom location: 2 Workload distribution:
classroom
Lectures: Sunday 1:00 pm to 3:00 pm (2 h). 50% final exam (50 degree)
Sections: in table (2 h). 20% midterm exam (20 degree)
20% Lab exam (20 degree)
10% year works (20 degree)
(5 degree for assignments and activity – 5
degree for Quizes – 10 degree for project)
A. PROF. AHMED MAGDY 2/20/2026 5
COURSE INFORMATION
Contact methods
Select one student to represent all students.
Moodle group for subject.
Instructor information (mail-MS- office hour-lectures- sections).
A. PROF. AHMED MAGDY 2/20/2026 6
CLASS INSTRUCTIONS
A. PROF. AHMED MAGDY 2/20/2026 7
COURSE OBJECTIVES
Upon successful completion of this course, you should understand and improve your abilities in the
following topics:
Understanding Image Representation: Learn the fundamental concepts of digital images, including their
representation in terms of pixels, color models, and bit-depth.
Image Enhancement Techniques: Explore various techniques for improving image quality, such as contrast
adjustment, noise reduction, filtering, and histogram equalization.
Image Transformation and Filtering: Study mathematical techniques for transforming images, including
Fourier and wavelet transforms, and the application of spatial and frequency domain filters.
Image Segmentation and Feature Extraction: Learn methods for segmenting images into meaningful regions
and extracting useful features for object recognition, classification, and analysis.
Application of Image Processing Algorithms: Apply digital image processing algorithms in practical areas,
such as medical imaging, computer vision, remote sensing, and industrial applications.
A. PROF. AHMED MAGDY 2/20/2026 8
Course Introduction
Welcome to the digital image processing and analysis. This course will cover the
fundamentals of Image processing to computer vision and their applications.
Chapter 1
1
DIGITAL IMAGE
PROCESSING
INTRODUCTION
2
Introduction
“One picture is
worth more than ten
thousand words”
• Anonymous
Visual Sciences
12
Image Processing ‐ Computer Vision
13
Course Outlines
14
Key Stages in Digital Image Processing
33
Image Morphological
Restoration Processing
Image
Segmentation
Enhancement
Image Object
Acquisition Recognition
Representation
Problem Domain & Description
Colour Image Image
Processing Compression
Key Stages in Digital Image Processing: Image
Aquisition
34
Image Morphological
Restoration Processing
Image
Segmentation
Enhancement
Image Object
Acquisition Recognition
Representation
Problem Domain & Description
Colour Image Image
Processing Compression
Image Enhancement:
taking an image and improving it visually
35
Image Morphological
Restoration Processing
Image
Segmentation
Enhancement
Image Object
Acquisition Recognition
Representation
Problem Domain & Description
Colour Image Image
Processing Compression
Image Restoration :
taking an image with some known or estimated degradation and restoring it to its
original appearing
36
Image Morphological
Restoration Processing
Image
Segmentation
Enhancement
Image Object
Acquisition Recognition
Representation
Problem Domain
& Description
Colour Image Image
Processing Compression
Key Stages in Digital Image Processing:
Morphological Processing
extracting image component that are useful in the representation and description of region shape, such
as boundaries, skeletons, and the convex hull 37
Image Morphological
Restoration Processing
Image
Segmentation
Enhancement
Image Object
Acquisition Recognition
Representation
Problem Domain & Description
Colour Image Image
Processing Compression
Key Stages in Digital Image Processing:
Segmentation
subdivides an image into its constituent
38
Image Morphological
Restoration Processing
Image
Segmentation
Enhancement
Image Object
Acquisition Recognition
Representation
Problem Domain & Description
Colour Image Image
Processing Compression
Key Stages in Digital Image Processing: Object
Recognition
39
Image Morphological
Restoration Processing
Image
Segmentation
Enhancement
Image Object
Acquisition Recognition
Representation
Problem Domain & Description
Colour Image Image
Processing Compression
Key Stages in Digital Image Processing:
Representation & Description
40
Image Morphological
Restoration Processing
Image
Segmentation
Enhancement
Image Object
Acquisition Recognition
Representation
Problem Domain & Description
Colour Image Image
Processing Compression
41
⚫ Types of neighborhoods
Image compression:
reducing the massive amount of data needed to represent an image
42
Image Morphological
Restoration Processing
Image
Segmentation
Enhancement
Image Object
Acquisition Recognition
Representation
Problem Domain & Description
Colour Image Image
Processing Compression
Key Stages in Digital Image Processing: Colour Imag
Processing
43
Image Morphological
Restoration Processing
Image
Segmentation
Enhancement
Image Object
Acquisition Recognition
Representation
Problem Domain & Description
Colour Image Image
Processing Compression
Image Enhancement
26
Image Denoising
Salt & Pepper 3 X 3 Average Median
Noise
27
Image Enhancement ‐ Frequency Domain
Original Noisy image Fourier Spectrum
28
Edge Detection
29
Image Segmentation
Goal: identify groups of pixels that go together
30
Optical character recognition (OCR)
Technology to convert scanned docs to text
• If you have a scanner, it probably came with OCR software
31
Digit recognition, AT&T labs License plate readers
[Link] [Link]
Face detection
• Many new digital cameras now detect faces
• Canon, Sony, Fuji, …
32
Smile detection
33
Sony Cyber-shot® T70 Digital Still Camera
Biometrics
34
Adapted from Anil Jain, Michigan State
Vision‐based biometrics
“How the Afghan Girl was Identified by Her Iris Patterns”
Read the story
wikipedia
35
Login without a password…
Face recognition systems now
Fingerprint scanners on
beginning to appear more widely
many new laptops, [Link] 36
other devices
Object recognition (in mobile phones)
Point & Find, Google Goggles
37
Building a Panorama
20
M. Brown and D. G. Lowe. Recognising Panoramas. ICCV 2003
Feature descriptors
• Extraordinarily robust matching technique
• Can handle changes in viewpoint
• Up to about 60 degree out of plane rotation
• Can handle significant changes in illumination
• Sometimes even day vs. night (below)
• Fast and efficient—can run in real time
21
Steve Seitz
Interactive Games: Kinect
• Object Recognition:
[Link]
• Mario: [Link]
• 3D: [Link]
• Robot: [Link]
40
Medical imaging
Image guided surgery
3D imaging
Grimson et al., MIT
MRI, CT
41
Smart cars
• [Link]
• Vision systems currently in high‐end BMW, GM, Volvo models
42
Google cars
43
[Link]
AutoCars ‐ Uber bought CMU’s lab
44
Car Detection and Depth Estimation
45
Vision as a Source of Semantic Information
46
Sports video analysis
47
Tennis review system
[Link]
Why is vision so hard?
posed problem
48
[Sinha and Adelson 1993]
Adapted from Ali Farhadi, U of Washington
Challenges 1: view point variation
Michelangelo 1475-1564
49
Adapted from L. Fei-Fei, R. Fergus, A. Torralba
Challenges 2: illumination
50
Adapted from Fei-Fei Li
Challenges 3: occlusion
Magritte, 1957
51
Adapted from L. Fei-Fei,
R. Fergus, A. Torralba
Challenges 4: scale
52
Adapted from L. Fei-Fei,
R. Fergus, A. Torralba
Challenges 5: deformation
Xu, Beihong 1943 53
Adapted from L. Fei-Fei, R. Fergus, A. Torralba
Challenges 6: background clutter
Adapted from Fei-Fei Li
54
Challenges 7: intra-class variation
Adapted from L. Fei-Fei, R. Fergus, A
3.7 Torralba
What do computers see?
56
Stages of computer vision
• Low‐level
image → image
• Mid‐level
image → features / attributes
• High‐level
features → “making sense”, recognition
57
Low‐level
sharpening
blurring 58
Adapted from Linda Shapiro, U of Washington
Low‐level
Canny
original image edge image
Mid‐level
ORT
data
structure
edge image circular arcs and line segments
Adapted from Linda Shapiro, U of Washingto4n1
Mid‐level
K-means
clustering
(followed by
connected
component
analysis)
original color image regions of homogeneous color
data
structure Adapted from Linda Shapiro, U of Washington
60
Low‐level to high‐level
low-level
edge image
mid-level
consistent
high-level line clusters
Adapted from Linda Shapiro, U of Washington
61
Visual recognition
Verification
Is this a car?
62
Visual recognition
Classification
:
Is there a car in this picture?
63
Visual recognition
Detection
:
Where is the car in this picture?
64
Visual recognition
Pose Estimation:
65
Visual recognition
Activity Recognition:
What is he What is he doing?
doing?
66
Visual recognition
Object Categorization:
Sky
Person
Tree
Horse
Car
Person
Bicycle 67
Road
Visual recognition
Segmentation
Sky
Tree
Car
Person
68
Summary
We have looked at:
What is a digital image?
What is digital image processing?
History of digital image processing
State of the art examples of digital image processing
Key stages in digital image processing
CANDIDATE TEXTBOOKS/REFERENCES
[1] Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods, Digital Image Processing, 4th Edition, Pearson Education, Inc. 2018., ISBN: 978‐9353062989
[2] Richard Sceliski, Computer Vision Algorithms and Applications, Springer, 2011 (available online for free at: [Link] ISBN:
978‐1848829343
[3] Scott E. Umbaugh, Digital Image Processing and Analysis: Computer Vision and Image Analysis, Taylor & Francis Limited, 2023.
[4] Scott E. Umbaugh, Digital Image Processing and Analysis: Digital Image Enhancement, Restoration and Compression, Taylor & Francis
Group, Dec 30, 202
[5] V. Chandra Shekhar Rao, Sunkari Venkatramulu & Dr. P. Sammulal, Digital Image Processing and Applications, Horizon Books, 2020.
[6] Many research papers
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2/20/2026 71
PRESENT COURSE
SPECIFICATION
GO TO Course specifications
A. PROF. AHMED MAGDY
2/20/2026 72
ATTENDANCE
GO COURSE FILE
A. PROF. AHMED MAGDY
2/20/2026 73
THANKS
ANY QUESTION
A. PROF. AHMED MAGDY