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IPv 4

The document outlines the structure of an IPv4 packet within the TCP/IP protocol suite, detailing various fields such as Version, IHL, DSCP, and ECN. It explains the purpose of each field, including how they relate to packet fragmentation, routing, and error-checking. Key components like Source and Destination Addresses, as well as optional fields, are also described to provide a comprehensive understanding of the IP packet format.

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5 views4 pages

IPv 4

The document outlines the structure of an IPv4 packet within the TCP/IP protocol suite, detailing various fields such as Version, IHL, DSCP, and ECN. It explains the purpose of each field, including how they relate to packet fragmentation, routing, and error-checking. Key components like Source and Destination Addresses, as well as optional fields, are also described to provide a comprehensive understanding of the IP packet format.

Uploaded by

2k23.cs2313917
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Figure Position of IPv4 in TCP/IP protocol suite

IP Packet Format
• Version: Version no. of Internet Protocol used (e.g. IPv4).
• IHL: Internet Header Length; Length of entire IP header.
• DSCP: Differentiated Services Code Point; this is Type of Service.
• ECN: Explicit Congestion Notification; It carries information about the
congestion seen in the route.
• Total Length: Length of entire IP Packet (including IP header and IP
Payload).
• Identification: If IP packet is fragmented during the transmission, all the
fragments contain same identification number. to identify original IP
packet they belong to.
• Flags: As required by the network resources, if IP Packet is too large to
handle, these ‘flags’ tells if they can be fragmented or not. In this 3-bit
flag, the MSB is always set to ‘0’.
• Fragment Offset: This offset tells the exact position of the fragment in
the original IP Packet.
• Time to Live: To avoid looping in the network, every packet is sent with
some TTL value set, which tells the network how many routers (hops)
this packet can cross. At each hop, its value is decremented by one and
when the value reaches zero, the packet is discarded.
• Protocol: Tells the Network layer at the destination host, to which
Protocol this packet belongs to, i.e. the next level Protocol. For example
protocol number of ICMP is 1, TCP is 6 and UDP is 17.
• Header Checksum: This field is used to keep checksum value of entire
header which is then used to check if the packet is received error-free.
• Source Address: 32-bit address of the Sender (or source) of the packet.
• Destination Address: 32-bit address of the Receiver (or destination) of
the packet.
• Options: This is optional field, which is used if the value of IHL is greater
than 5. These options may contain values for options such as Security,
Record Route, Time Stamp, etc.

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