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Sample Design

Sample design is a systematic approach to selecting a representative sample from a population, essential for generalizing research findings. It is categorized into Probability Sampling, where each element has a known chance of selection, and Non-Probability Sampling, where selection chances are unknown. Various methods exist within these categories, including Simple Random, Stratified, Systematic, and Cluster Sampling for Probability, and Convenience, Judgment, Quota, and Snowball Sampling for Non-Probability.

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11 views2 pages

Sample Design

Sample design is a systematic approach to selecting a representative sample from a population, essential for generalizing research findings. It is categorized into Probability Sampling, where each element has a known chance of selection, and Non-Probability Sampling, where selection chances are unknown. Various methods exist within these categories, including Simple Random, Stratified, Systematic, and Cluster Sampling for Probability, and Convenience, Judgment, Quota, and Snowball Sampling for Non-Probability.

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gisuangural7
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© All Rights Reserved
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Meaning and Types of Sample Design

Meaning of Sample Design

Sample design refers to the planned procedure used to select a sample from a population so
that it accurately represents the whole population. It outlines how many units are to be
selected, from where, and by what method.

In research, especially in management and social science studies, sample design ensures that
findings drawn from a small group can be generalized to the entire population.

Definition (Kothari):
Sample design is a definite plan for obtaining a sample from a given population.

Types of Sample Design

Sample designs are broadly classified into Probability and Non-Probability sampling
designs.

1. Probability Sampling Design

Every element in the population has a known and equal chance of being selected. This
method is more scientific and reliable.

a) Simple Random Sampling

 Each unit has an equal chance of selection


 Example: Lottery method, random number table

b) Stratified Sampling

 Population is divided into homogeneous groups (strata)


 Samples are drawn from each stratum
 Example: Hotel employees divided into managers, supervisors, and staff

c) Systematic Sampling

 Every nth element is selected


 Example: Selecting every 10th guest from a hotel register

d) Cluster Sampling

 Population divided into clusters, and entire clusters are selected


 Example: Selecting a few hotels and surveying all employees in them

2. Non-Probability Sampling Design


The probability of selecting each unit is not known. It is easier and less expensive but less
representative.

a) Convenience Sampling

 Selection based on ease of access


 Example: Surveying guests available in the lobby

b) Judgment (Purposive) Sampling

 Researcher selects samples based on expertise


 Example: Selecting experienced hotel managers for interviews

c) Quota Sampling

 Sample chosen to meet fixed quotas


 Example: 50 male and 50 female hotel employees

d) Snowball Sampling

 Existing respondents refer new respondents


 Example: Research on informal hospitality workers

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