LEARNING TARGETS
● illustrate events and union and intersection of events
● illustrate the probability of a union of two events
● find the probability of (A U B)
● illustrate mutually exclusive events
● solve problems involving probability
REVIEW OF BASIC CONCEPTS
1. A well – defined collection of objects
𝑺𝒆𝒕
2. Set which contains all the elements
involved in the problem
𝑼𝒏𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒂𝒍 𝑺𝒆𝒕
REVIEW OF BASIC CONCEPTS
3. Refers to the number of elements of
the set
𝑪𝒂𝒓𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝒐𝒇 𝒂 𝑺𝒆𝒕
4. Set of all elements common to both
given sets
𝑰𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝑺𝒆𝒕𝒔
REVIEW OF BASIC CONCEPTS
5. Set of all elements which belong to
one set or to the other set or both
𝑼𝒏𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝑺𝒆𝒕𝒔
SHORT ACTIVITY: spin the wheel
B A
1. What is the probability
C D
that the spinner will stop
on part A?
𝟏
𝟒
SHORT ACTIVITY: spin the wheel
2. What is the probability that
3 1 the spinner will stop on 𝟏
2 a. An even number? 𝟑
b. An odd number? 𝟐
𝟑
SHORT ACTIVITY: spin the wheel
3. What fraction names
A the probability that the
C B
spinner will stop in the
area marked A? 𝟏
𝟑
UNLOCKING OF TERMS
… is a chance process that leads
to well-defined results
…is a particular result of a random
experiment.
SAMPLE SPACE
- the collection or set of all the possible
outcomes/ events of a random experiment.
e.g. All 6 faces of a die:
e.g. All 52 cards of a bridge deck:
WRITING SAMPLE SPACES
Find the sample space for the gender of the
children if a family has three children.
Use B for boy and G for girl.
I. Listing
BBB BBG BGB BGG GBB GBG GGB GGG
WRITING SAMPLE SPACES
Find the sample space for the gender of the children if a
family has three children. Use B for boy and G for girl.
II. Tree Diagram
What is the sample space of:
a. Tossing a coin?
b. Rolling a die?
c. Answering a true/false question?
d. Tossing two coins?
RANDOM EXPERIMENT
The experiment is rolling the die...once!
The possible outcomes are the numbers…
1 2 3 4 5 6
An event is the occurrence of an even number
i.e. we collect the outcomes 2, 4, and 6.
EVENTS
- the collection of one or more outcomes of
an experiment
I. Simple event
- An event described by a single characteristic
- Ex: A day in January from all days in 2015
EVENTS - Each possible outcome of a variable
II. Joint event
- An event described by two or more characteristics
- Ex: A day in January that is also a Wednesday from all days in 2015
III. Mutually Exclusive Event
If two events…
- have no common outcomes
- cannot occur simultaneously
P( A È B) = P( A) + P(B)
EVENTS - Each possible outcome of a variable
IV. Complement of an event A
(denoted A’ or 𝑨 !)
- All events that are not part of event A
- 𝑃 𝐸 = 1 − 𝑃(𝐴! )
- Ex: All days from 2015 that are not in January
Find the complement of each event:
a. Rolling a die and getting a 4
b. Selecting a letter of the alphabet and getting a
vowel
Find the complement of each event:
c. Selecting a month and
getting a month that begins
with a J
d. Selecting a day of the week
and getting a weekday
PROBABILITY
a measure of the
likelihood that an
event in the future
will happen.
Probability…
can only assume a value between 0 and 1.
Probability of an Event
𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒇𝒂𝒗𝒐𝒓𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒔
𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒃𝒂𝒃𝒊𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒚 =
𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒔
BASIC CONCEPTS OF PROBABILITY
1. The probability of any event E
is a number (either a fraction or
decimal) between and including
0 and 1.
This is denoted by 0 £ P(E) £ 1.
BASIC CONCEPTS OF PROBABILITY
2. Rounding Rule for Probabilities
Probabilities should be expressed as reduced
fractions or rounded to two or three decimal places.
When the probability of an event is an extremely
small decimal, it is permissible to round the decimal
to the first nonzero digit after the decimal point.
BASIC CONCEPTS OF PROBABILITY
3. The sum of the probabilities of
all the outcomes in the sample
space is 1.
BASIC CONCEPTS OF PROBABILITY
4. ADDITION PROPERTY
P( A È B) = P( A) + P(B) - P( A Ç B)
BASIC CONCEPTS OF PROBABILITY
5. ODD OF AN EVENT
Ratio of the number of ways it can
succeed (s) to the number of ways it
can fail (f)
𝑠: 𝑓
BASIC CONCEPTS OF PROBABILITY
6. PROBABILITY OF INCLUSIVE EVENTS
Two events are inclusive if they can
occur at the same time in a single trial
𝑷 𝑨 ∪ 𝑩 = 𝑷 𝑨 + 𝑷 𝑩 − 𝑷(𝑨 ∩ 𝑩)
BASIC CONCEPTS OF PROBABILITY
7. PROBABILITY OF INDEPENDENT EVENTS
Two events are independent if the
occurrence of event A does not affect
the occurrence of event B
𝑷 𝑨∩𝑩 =𝑷 𝑨 +𝑷 𝑩
BASIC CONCEPTS OF PROBABILITY
8. CONDITIONAL PROBABILITY
refers to the probability of the event
on the condition that another event
has occurred
𝑩 𝑷 𝑨∩𝑩
𝑷 = , 𝑷(𝑨) ≠ 𝟎
𝑨 𝑷(𝑨)
BASIC CONCEPTS OF PROBABILITY
9. PROBABILITY OF DEPENDENT EVENTS
Two events are dependent if the
outcome of the first event affects the
outcome of the second event.
𝑷 𝑨 ∩ 𝑩 = 𝑷(𝑨) + 𝑷(𝑩|𝑨)
PROBABILITY:
GAME OF CHANCES
Is it luck or probability?
SPIN – THE - WHEEL
A spinner like the one shown
is used in a game.
Determine the probability
of each outcome if the
spinner is equally likely to
land on each section.
Express each probability as
a fraction.
SPIN – THE - WHEEL
A spinner like the one shown is
used in a game. Determine the
probability of each outcome if
the spinner is equally likely to
land on each section. Express
each probability as a fraction.
Find:
a. 𝑷 𝟖
b. 𝑷 𝒓𝒆𝒅
c. 𝑷 𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒏
d. 𝑷 𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒏 𝟓
PERFECT FIVE
A spinner like the one shown is
used in a game. Determine the
probability of each outcome if
the spinner is equally likely to
land on each section. Express
each probability as a fraction.
Find: a. 𝟏⁄𝟐
a. 𝑷 𝒑𝒓𝒊𝒎𝒆
b. 𝟎
b. 𝑷 𝒍𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒏 𝟐
c. 𝑷 𝒃𝒍𝒖𝒆 𝒐𝒓 𝟏𝟏
c. 𝟏⁄𝟐
d. 𝑷 𝒏𝒐𝒕 𝒚𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒐𝒘 d. 𝟕⁄𝟖
e. 𝑷 𝒏𝒐𝒕 𝒓𝒆𝒅 e. 𝟑⁄𝟒
FLIP 7
GAME OF CHANCE ?
In the Flip 7 game,
what have you noticed with how
the WINNERS played the game?
How did the LOSING PLAYER/S
played the game?
We don't play using logic or math, WHEN IT
CONCERNS THE THINGS VALUABLE TO US,
OUR BRAINS SO HATE THE IDEA OF LOSING
some thing that is valuable to us that we
abandon all rational thoughts and make
some really poor decisions. So WE ARE NOT
PLAYING TO WIN BUT NOT TO LOSE, by using
psychology not logic or math
SPORTS
HIGHLIGHTS
How does probability apply to
basketball?
1. Find the chances of Reggie Miller
making 0, 1, or 2 of 2 successive
free throws, assuming the 2 free
throws are independent.
2. A possible psychological reason
why 2 free throws on the same trip
to the foul line might not be
independent.
QUICK CHECK
01 02 03
What is
What is interesting and What is
easy about challenging difficult about
probability? about PROBABILITY?
PROBABILITY?
PROBLEM #1
Lawrence is the captain of his track team. The team is deciding
on a color of their shirt and all eight members wrote their choice
down on equal size cards. If Lawrence picks one card at random,
what is the probability that he will pick blue?
yellow green blue black
red blue blue black
𝟑
𝟖
PROBLEM #2
Donald is rolling a number cube labeled 1 to 6.
Which of the following is LEAST LIKELY?
A. an even number
B. an odd number
C. a number greater than 5
𝑪
PROBLEM #3
Find the sample space for rolling two dice.
TASK:
Write down the sample space of rolling a die.
PROBLEM #4
If two dice are rolled one time, find the
probability of getting these results.
𝟓
a. A sum of 6 𝟑𝟔
𝟏
b. Doubles
𝟔
𝟐
c. A sum of 7 or 11 𝟗
PROBLEM #5
If two dice are rolled one time, find the
probability of getting these results.
𝟏
d. A sum greater than 9 𝟔
𝟏
e. A sum less than or equal to 4
𝟔
PROBLEM #6
A pair of dice is rolled. What is the
probability that the sum of the
numbers is even or greater than 8?
𝟐
𝟑
PROBLEM #7
A pair of dice is rolled. What is the
probability that the sum of the
numbers is greater than 3?
𝟏𝟏
𝟏𝟐
PROBLEM #8
A pair of dice is rolled. What is the
probability that the sum is 5 or 8?
𝟏
𝟒
PROBLEM #9
A card is drawn from a standard deck of 52
cards. Find the probability that the card drawn
is: 𝟏
a. A black card or a club 𝟐 𝟒
b. A queen or a spade 𝟏𝟑
𝟏𝟏
c. A diamond or a face card 𝟐𝟔
𝟖
d. A jack or an ace
𝟓𝟐 𝟒
e. A 7 or a heart 𝟏𝟑
PROBLEM #9
A card is drawn from a standard deck of
52 cards. Find the probability that the
card drawn is: 𝟏
a. A black card or a club 𝟐
b. A queen or a spade 𝟏𝟑𝟒 What
𝟏𝟏 probability is
c. A diamond or a face card 𝟐𝟔
exhibited in
d. A jack or an ace 𝟐
this set of
𝟏𝟑
e. A 7 or a heart 𝟒 problem?
𝟏𝟑
PROBLEM #10
If a family has three children,
find the probability that two of
the three children are girls.
𝟑 What
probability is
𝟖 exhibited in this
set of problem?
PROBLEM #11
If the probability that a person lives in an
industrialized country of the world is 1/5,
find the probability that a person does not
live in an industrialized country.
𝟒 What concept is
𝟓 exhibited in this
problem?
PROBLEM #12
Two cards are drawn from a deck of 52
playing cards. What is the probability of
drawing two red cards?
𝟐𝟓
𝟏𝟎𝟐
SPIN – THE - WHEEL
Suppose two spinners like
the ones shown are
spun. Find the
probability of each
outcome.
(You have 1 min to make
a table to show the
sample space)
PERFECT FIVE
Suppose two spinners like
the ones shown are
spun. Find the
probability of each
outcome.
Find:
a. 𝟏⁄𝟏𝟔
a. 𝑷 𝟐, 𝟕
b. 𝑷 𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒏, 𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒏
b. 𝟏⁄𝟒
c. 𝑷 𝒔𝒖𝒎 𝒐𝒇 𝟗
c. 𝟏⁄𝟒
d. 𝑷 𝟐, 𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒏 𝟓 d. 𝟑⁄𝟏𝟔
e. 𝑷 𝟓, 𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒏 e. 𝟎
Philosophical Application of Probability
PROBLEM #12
Two cards are drawn from a deck of 52
playing cards. What is the probability of
drawing two red cards?
𝟐𝟓
𝟏𝟎𝟐
PROBLEM #13
Two cards are drawn from a
deck of 52 playing cards. What
is the probability of drawing one
red card and one club?
𝟏𝟑
𝟓𝟏
PROBLEM #14
Two cards are drawn from a
deck of 52 playing cards. What
is the probability of drawing two
red cards or two spades?
𝟑𝟏
𝟏𝟎𝟐
PROBLEM #15
Two cards are drawn from a deck of
52 playing cards. What is the
probability of drawing two queens or
two face cards?
𝟏𝟏
𝟐𝟐𝟏
ANSWER – PAIR - SHARE
1. Lisa has 9 rings in her jewelry box. Five are gold and 4 are silver.
If she randomly selects 3 rings to wear to a party, find each
probability.
(a)P(2 silver or 2 gold) (b) P(all gold or all silver)
(c) P(at least 2 gold) (d) P(at least 1 silver)
2. Two cards are drawn from a standard deck of cards.
Find each probability.
(a) P(both kings or both black) (b) P(both kings or both face cards)
(c) P(both face cards or both red) (d) P(both either red or a king)
ANSWER – PAIR - SHARE
1. Lisa has 9 rings in her jewelry box. Five are gold and 4 are silver.
If she randomly selects 3 rings to wear to a party, find each
probability.
(a)P(2 silver or 2 gold) (b) P(all gold or all silver)
(c) P(at least 2 gold) (d) P(at least 1 silver)
2. Two cards are drawn from a standard deck of cards.
Find each probability.
(a) P(both kings or both black) (b) P(both kings or both face cards)
(c) P(both face cards or both red) (d) P(both either red or a king)
ANSWER – PAIR - SHARE
1. Lisa has 9 rings in her jewelry box. Five are gold and 4 are silver.
If she randomly selects 3 rings to wear to a party, find each
probability.
(a)P(2 silver or 2 gold) (b) P(all gold or all silver)
(c) P(at least 2 gold) (d) P(at least 1 silver)
2. Two cards are drawn from a standard deck of cards.
Find each probability.
(a) P(both kings or both black) (b) P(both kings or both face cards)
(c) P(both face cards or both red) (d) P(both either red or a king)
ANSWER – PAIR - SHARE
1. Lisa has 9 rings in her jewelry box. Five are gold and 4 are silver.
If she randomly selects 3 rings to wear to a party, find each
probability.
No. 1
a. 𝟓⁄𝟔
(a)P(2 silver or 2 gold) (b) P(all gold or all silver) b. 𝟏⁄𝟔
(c) P(at least 2 gold) (d) P(at least 1 silver)
c. 𝟐𝟓⁄𝟒𝟐
2. Two cards are drawn from a standard deck of cards. d. 𝟑𝟕⁄𝟒𝟐
Find each probability.
(a) P(both kings or both black) (b) P(both kings or both face cards)
(c) P(both face cards or both red) (d) P(both either red or a king)
ANSWER – PAIR - SHARE
1. Lisa has 9 rings in her jewelry box. Five are gold and 4 are silver.
If she randomly selects 3 rings to wear to a party, find each
probability.
No. 2
a. 𝟓𝟓⁄𝟐𝟐𝟏
(a)P(2 silver or 2 gold) (b) P(all gold or all silver) b. 𝟏𝟏⁄𝟐𝟐𝟏
(c) P(at least 2 gold) (d) P(at least 1 silver)
c. 𝟏𝟖𝟖⁄𝟔𝟔𝟑
2. Two cards are drawn from a standard deck of cards. d. 𝟔𝟑⁄𝟐𝟐𝟏
Find each probability.
(a) P(both kings or both black) (b) P(both kings or both face cards)
(c) P(both face cards or both red) (d) P(both either red or a king)
*PROBLEM #16
12 pharmacists and 16 nurses apply for
positions in a hospital. If six applicants are
hired at random, what is the probability that
𝟏𝟏
a. All applicants are pharmacists? 𝟒𝟒𝟖𝟓
𝟏𝟐 𝑪𝟔
𝟔 𝒑𝒉𝒂𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒔
𝟔 𝒂𝒑𝒑𝒍𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒔
𝟐𝟖 𝑪𝟔
*PROBLEM #16
12 pharmacists and 16 nurses apply for
positions in a hospital. If six applicants are
hired at random, what is the probability that
𝟑𝟑𝟎
b. 4 are pharmacists and 2 are nurses?
𝟐𝟎𝟗𝟑
𝟒 𝒑𝒉𝒂𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒔, 𝟐 𝒏𝒖𝒓𝒔𝒆𝒔 (𝟏𝟐 𝑪𝟒 )(𝟏𝟔 𝑪𝟐 )
𝟔 𝒂𝒑𝒑𝒍𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒔
𝟐𝟖 𝑪𝟔
*PROBLEM #16
12 pharmacists and 16 nurses apply for
positions in a hospital. If six applicants are
hired at random, what is the probability that
c. At least two are nurses? 𝟗𝟔. 𝟑𝟗%
𝟐 𝒐𝒓 𝟑 𝒐𝒓 𝟒 𝒐𝒓 𝟓 𝒐𝒓 𝟔 𝒏𝒖𝒓𝒔𝒆𝒔
𝟔 𝒂𝒑𝒑𝒍𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒔
(𝟏𝟔 𝑪𝟐 )(𝟏𝟐 𝑪𝟒 ) + (𝟏𝟔 𝑪𝟑 )(𝟏𝟐 𝑪𝟑 ) + (𝟏𝟔 𝑪𝟒 )(𝟏𝟐 𝑪𝟐 ) + (𝟏𝟔 𝑪𝟓 )(𝟏𝟐 𝑪𝟏 ) + 𝟏𝟔 𝑪𝟔
𝟐𝟖 𝑪𝟔
*PROBLEM #16
12 pharmacists and 16 nurses apply for
positions in a hospital. If six applicants are
hired at random, what is the probability that
d. At most 3 are pharmacists? 𝟖𝟎. 𝟔𝟐%
𝟑 𝒐𝒓 𝟐 𝒐𝒓 𝟏 𝒐𝒓 𝒏𝒐 𝒑𝒉𝒂𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒔
𝟔 𝒂𝒑𝒑𝒍𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒔
(𝟏𝟔 𝑪𝟑 )(𝟏𝟐 𝑪𝟑 ) + (𝟏𝟔 𝑪𝟒 )(𝟏𝟐 𝑪𝟐 ) + (𝟏𝟔 𝑪𝟓 )(𝟏𝟐 𝑪𝟏 ) + 𝟏𝟔 𝑪𝟔
𝟐𝟖 𝑪𝟔
*PROBLEM #16
12 pharmacists and 16 nurses apply for
positions in a hospital. If six applicants are
hired at random, what is the probability that
𝟏𝟏
a. All applicants are pharmacists? 𝟒𝟒𝟖𝟓 𝟑𝟑𝟎
b. 4 are pharmacists and 2 are nurses? 𝟐𝟎𝟗𝟑
c. At least two are nurses? 𝟗𝟔. 𝟑𝟗%
d. At most 3 are pharmacists? 𝟖𝟎. 𝟔𝟐%
SPIN – THE - WHEEL
Spinner A.
The spinner is equally likely
to land on each section.
Spinner B.
Looking at the spinner, do all colors have
the same chance of being selected? Why
or why not?
SPIN – THE - WHEEL
Spinner A.
The spinner is equally likely
to land on each section.
Spinner B.
Which color do you think has the
greatest probability of being selected?
SPIN – THE - WHEEL
Spinner A.
The spinner is equally likely
to land on each section.
Spinner B.
Why do probability problems often
specify that a die is fair, a deck of cards
is standard, or a spinner is equally
divided?
MORE THAN MATH
• Why do probability problems often specify that a
die is fair, a deck of cards is standard, or a spinner
is equally divided?
• In word problems in other subjects, what are other
assumptions made so we can solve correctly?
PRACTICE
PROBLEMS
Examples on Different Probabilities
PROBLEM #17
Given the table below, find the probability
the patient has had 1 or 2 tests done.
Number of Number
Tests of
Performed Patients
0 12 𝟖 𝟐 𝟏
1 8
𝑷 𝟏 𝒐𝒓 𝟐 𝒕𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒔 = + =
𝟑𝟎 𝟑𝟎 𝟑
2 2
3 3
4 or more 5
P( A È B) = P( A) + P(B)
PROBLEM #18
A bag containing 4 green balls, 8 red balls, and
6 blue balls, one ball is taken from the bag then
replaced. Then another ball is taken from the
bag. What is the probability of getting a green
ball on the first take and then blue ball on the
second?
𝟐
𝟐𝟕
PROBLEM #19
A bag containing 4 green balls, 8 red balls, and
6 blue balls, one ball is taken from the bag
without replacement. Then another ball is taken
from the bag. What is the probability of getting
a red ball on the first take and then green ball
on the second?
𝟏𝟔
𝟏𝟓𝟑
PROBLEM #20
A jar contains 5 red balls, 4 green
balls, and 3 blue balls. If 3 balls are
picked at random, find the probability
that all three balls are green.
𝟏
𝟓𝟓
PROBLEM #21
A jar contains 5 red balls, 4 green
balls, and 3 blue balls. If 3 balls are
picked at random, find the probability
that two are red and one is blue.
𝟑
𝟐𝟐
*PROBLEM #22
A jar contains 5 red balls, 4 green
balls, and 3 blue balls. If 3 balls are
picked at random, find the probability
that at least two balls are blue.
𝟕
𝟓𝟓
*PROBLEM #23
A jar contains 5 red balls, 4 green
balls, and 3 blue balls. If 3 balls are
picked at random, find the probability
that the balls have different colors.
𝟑
𝟏𝟏
*PROBLEM #25
A coin tossed three times. Find the
probability of getting either all tails or
getting tails exactly once.
𝟏
𝟐
PROBLEM #26
Ten radiologists and 15 nurses apply for
positions in a hospital. If five applicants
are hired at random, what is the
probability that all applicants are nurses?
𝟏𝟑
𝟐𝟑𝟎
PROBLEM #27
Ten radiologists and 15 nurses apply for
positions in a hospital. If five applicants
are hired at random, what is the
probability that two are radiologist and
three nurses?
𝟏𝟗𝟓
𝟓𝟎𝟔
PROBLEM #28
Ten radiologists and 15 nurses apply for
positions in a hospital. If five applicants
are hired at random, what is the
probability that at least three are nurses?
𝟖𝟖𝟒
𝟏𝟐𝟔𝟓
PROBLEM #29
From a bag containing 6 gray balls, 7
yellow balls, and 4 orange balls, one ball is
drawn.
a. What is the probability that the ball is
𝟏𝟎
either gray or orange? 𝟏𝟕
b. What is the probability that the ball is 𝟏𝟑
yellow or gray?
𝟏𝟕
PROBLEM #30
A coin tossed and a die is rolled. Find the
probability of landing on the tail side and
rolling a 5 on a die.
𝟏
𝟏𝟐
Independent Events
𝑷 𝑨∩𝑩 =𝑷 𝑨 0𝑷 𝑩
PROBLEM #31
A die is tossed twice. Find the probability
of getting 1 or 4 on the first toss and 2, 3,
or 5 on the second toss.
𝟏
𝟔
Independent Events
𝑷 𝑨∩𝑩 =𝑷 𝑨 0𝑷 𝑩
PROBLEM #32
A die is rolled. What is the probability that
the die lands on 2 given that it lands on
an even number?
𝟏
𝟑
PROBLEM #33
A die is rolled twice. What is the
probability of getting a sum greater than 8
if the first roll is 5?
𝟏
𝟐
PROBLEM #34
A die is rolled twice. What is the
probability of getting a sum greater than 8
if the number 2 appears at least once?
𝟎
PROBLEM #35
A die is rolled twice. What is the
probability of getting a sum greater than 8
if the same number appears?
𝟏
𝟑
PROBLEM #36
A couple has two children. What is the
probability that both children are boys if
we are given at least one of them is a
boy?
𝟏
𝟑
PROBLEM #37
Two cards are drawn from a standard
deck of 52 cards. What is the probability
of getting two aces if the first card is an
ace?
𝟑
𝟓𝟏
WEATHER FORECASTING HIGHLIGHT
Why is it important to understand
probabilities when making forecasts?
START
Think Pair Share: Applying Statistics TIME’S UP!
TIMER
Choose one question to answer.
1. How might we apply probability in other subjects? Cite concrete
examples as to how we can apply probability into different
disciplines: economics, chemistry, physical education
2. How might we apply probability to resolve and address issues
in the community for the common good?
Example:
1. Predicting possible outcomes in experiments
2. English: Analyzing survey results about reading preferences
3. Physical Education (PE): Estimating chances of scoring in
sports
START
Think Pair Share: Applying Statistics TIME’S UP!
TIMER
Choose one question to answer.
1. How might we apply probability in other subjects? Cite concrete
examples as to how we can apply probability into different
disciplines: economics, chemistry, physical education
2. How might we apply probability to resolve and address issues
in the community for the common good?
Example:
1. Predicting possible outcomes in experiments
2. English: Analyzing survey results about reading preferences
3. Physical Education (PE): Estimating chances of scoring in
sports
SPORTS
HIGHLIGHTS
How does probability apply to
basketball?
1. Find the chances of Reggie Miller
making 0, 1, or 2 of 2 successive
free throws, assuming the 2 free
throws are independent.
2. A possible psychological reason
why 2 free throws on the same trip
to the foul line might not be
independent.
QUICK CHECK
What are the
advantaged/disadvant
ages when working
alone? Or Working as a
pair? Or as a class?
MORE THAN MATH
What are the things you
need to remember
when solving
Probabilities including
inclusive/ overlapping
events?
QUICK CHECK
01 02 03
What is easy What is What is
about our interesting and difficult about
challenging about
examples our examples
our examples
today? today? today?
In real life...
How can you relate a
specific concept from
today’s examples to
something in your own
life?
(How is it similar,
different, or helpful
to events in your life?)
PHYSICS
HIGHLIGHT
Schrodinger’s Cat
✦ A cat is placed inside a sealed box.
✦ Inside the box is a radioactive
atom, a Geiger counter, and a vial
of poison.
✦ If the atom decays, the Geiger
counter detects it and triggers a
hammer that breaks the poison
vial.
✦ If the atom does not decay, the
poison is not released.