YISHUN INNOVA JUNIOR COLLEGE

2026 JC1 H2 CHEMISTRY

TUTORIAL 2(B)
THE MOLE CONCEPT & STOICHIOMETRY

Learning Strategies

1. Retrieval Practice
• Put away your class materials, check whether you are able to recall the
mathematical formula that allows you to determine the number of moles of a
substance from the following quantities. The quantities are: number of entities
(e.g. ions, molecules, atoms); mass of the substances; volume of gases; and
concentration of solutions. What should the units of these quantities be?

• Use the examples in the lecture notes and make links to the general steps that
are required in calculation questions requiring the application of stoichiometric
ratio from chemical equations. Try to apply the general steps to solve such
questions by trying out Section A.

• Check your answer for accuracy. Try this daily until you can do it. You will be
able to solve Section B, if you are able to retrieve this knowledge.

2. Concrete Examples
• Use the examples in the lecture notes and make links to the general steps (Topic
2(B) Lecture Notes, page 16) that are required in calculation questions requiring
the application of stoichiometric ratio from chemical equations. Try to apply the
general steps to solve such questions by trying out Section C and D.

Try explaining to your classmate for added benefits.

3. Dual Coding
• Take information you are trying to learn and draw visuals to go along with it. For
example, try to draw a flow chart or diagram to help you better visualise the
sequence of steps of the processes described by the questions. (E.g. refer to
section 5 on back titration in Topic 2(B) lecture notes, there are some visual
diagrams to help you go through the thinking process of the back titration.)

• Try to apply the general steps to solve Section C and D.

If you face difficulties with the questions, you can refer to the summary of general strategies in
solving calculations questions in the last page of Tutorial 2(A).
Tutorial 2B: The Mole Concept & Stoichiometry

A Balanced Equations and Application of Stoichiometric Ratio

[Refer to lecture notes pages 3 − 7]

[Self-Attempt]
1. When heated, potassium nitrate, decomposes to give a white solid of potassium nitrite, KNO2,
and a gas that relights a glowing splint.

(a) Write a balanced equation, with state symbols, for the thermal decomposition of solid
potassium nitrate.

(b) Calculate the maximum mass of KNO2 which could be obtained if 1.55 g of KNO3
were fully decomposed by heat.
(1.30 g)
(a)

(b)

[Self-Attempt]
2. Calculate the volume of SO2, measured at s.t.p., required to react with 6.0 g of O2, to produce
the maximum mass of SO3, by the following reaction: 2SO2 + O2 → 2SO3.
(8.51 dm3)

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Tutorial 2B: The Mole Concept & Stoichiometry

[Self-Attempt]
3. Chromium can be extracted from its chromium(III) oxide by the Thermit reaction,

2Al + Cr2O3 → 2Cr + Al2O3

Calculate the percentage yield when 180 g of chromium are obtained from a reaction between
100 g of aluminium and 400 g of chromium(III) oxide. (93.5%)

B Concentration of Solutions
[Refer to lecture notes pages 8 − 14]

4. 0.5 dm3 of 0.0500 mol dm−3 HCl is mixed with 1.50 dm3 of 0.0100 mol dm−3 HCl.
Calculate the concentration of HCl in the final solution.
(0.0200 mol dm−3)

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Tutorial 2B: The Mole Concept & Stoichiometry

C Titration
[Refer to lecture notes pages 15 − 18]

[Self-Attempt]
5. A dibasic acid is one in which one mole of the acid dissociates to give two moles of H+.
Phosphoric(V) acid, H3PO4, is a dibasic acid.

(a) Write a balanced equation for the reaction between H3PO4 and NaOH.

(b) Calculate the volume of 0.050 mol dm−3 phosphoric(V) acid required to neutralise
20.0 cm3 of 0.100 mol dm−3 sodium hydroxide. (0.0200 dm3)

(a)

(b)

[Self-Attempt]
6. Sulfur dichloride oxide, SO2Cl2, is hydrolysed by water to sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid.
A sample of SO2Cl2 was dissolved in sufficient water to produce 150.0 cm3 of solution, and
25.0 cm3 of the resultant solution required 15.00 cm3 of 0.200 mol dm−3 sodium hydroxide for
neutralisation.
(a) Write a balanced equation for the hydrolysis of SO2Cl2.

(b) Calculate the mass of SO2Cl2 in the sample. (0.608 g)

(a)

(b)

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Tutorial 2B: The Mole Concept & Stoichiometry

7. Distilled water was added to 24.0 cm3 of sulfuric acid to give a total volume of 250 cm3. When
25.0 cm3 of this solution is titrated, it required 22.80 cm3 of 1.325 g dm−3 of NaOH.
Calculate the original concentration of sulfuric acid. (0.157 mol dm−3)

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Tutorial 2B: The Mole Concept & Stoichiometry

8. Sulfuric acid and iodine are produced when iodic(V) acid, HIO3, reacts with an aqueous
solution of sulfur dioxide. In an experiment, 0.100 g of iodic(V) acid was reacted with excess
sulfur dioxide. The resultant mixture was heated to remove the iodine formed and the excess
sulfur dioxide. The sulfuric acid produced required 28.40 cm3 of 0.100 mol dm−3 NaOH solution
for complete neutralisation.
Determine the equation for the reaction between iodic(V) acid and sulfur dioxide.

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Tutorial 2B: The Mole Concept & Stoichiometry

D Back Titration
[Refer to lecture notes pages 19 − 24]

[Self-Attempt]
9. 1.65 g of an impure sample of barium hydroxide, Ba(OH)2 was allowed to react with 100 cm3
of 0.200 mol dm−3 hydrochloric acid. It was found that the resultant solution required
10.90 cm3 of 0.250 mol dm−3 NaOH for neutralisation. Calculate the percentage purity of the
sample of barium hydroxide.
(89.7%)

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Tutorial 2B: The Mole Concept & Stoichiometry

10. N23/P4/Q3 (modified)

Aspirin, acetylsalicylic acid, was one of the first drugs to be produced synthetically and is one
of the most widely used 'over-the-counter' drugs in the world. It is used in medicine for reducing
pain and fever.

When aspirin is heated with a sodium hydroxide, NaOH, a strong alkali, the following reaction
occurs.

HOOCC6H4OCOCH3 + 2NaOH → NaOOCC6H4OH + CH3COONa + H2O

Aspirin cannot be titrated directly with a strong alkali because of the slow hydrolysis reaction.
Instead, it is reacted with excess alkali. The unreacted alkali is then titrated with an acid.

A student conducted the following experiment to determine the mass of aspirin per tablet.

Preparation of standard solution

1. Four aspirin tablets were crushed and transferred to a conical flask.
2. 25.0 cm3 of 1.00 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide, NaOH, was added by pipette.
3. The solution was heated for 20 minutes to ensure complete reaction.
4. The solution was then cooled and filtered into a 100 cm3 volumetric flask to remove
insoluble components of the tablet.
5. The conical flask and filter paper were washed with deionised water, with the washings
being added to the volumetric flask.
6. The solution was made up to the mark with deionised water and shaken to mix.

Titration
7. 25.0 cm3 of this solution was titrated with 0.150 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid using thymol
blue as the indicator.

The results are shown below.

titration number 1 2 3
3
initial burette reading / cm 0.00 17.60 0.00
final burette reading / cm3 25.90 42.50 24.95
3
titre / cm

Using the information given above, calculate the mass of aspirin (Mr = 180) in one tablet.

(0.226g)
[Note: If you need some help for this question, you can either refer to the guiding questions
below, or the SLS package your tutor has assigned you.]

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Tutorial 2B: The Mole Concept & Stoichiometry

Guiding Questions
(1) Identify the species labelled A-C found in the apparatus.

species identity

B aspirin

(2) Identify species D and E found in the apparatus.

species identity

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Tutorial 2B: The Mole Concept & Stoichiometry

(3) Complete the titration table below and determine the average titre used.

titration number 1 2 3
initial burette reading / cm3 0.00 17.60 0.00
3
final burette reading / cm 25.90 42.50 24.95
titre / cm3

(4) Use the results from (3) to calculate the amount of NaOH that reacted with HCl.

(5) Use the results to calculate the amount of NaOH that reacted with the four aspirin tablets.

Hence, determine the mass of aspirin (Mr = 180) in one tablet.

CHEM~IS~TRY

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