REPORT ON PROJECT FOR MICROCONTROLLER LAB

MICROCONTROLLER AND APPLICATIONS LABORATORY

ECE322

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY

PHAGWARA, PUNJAB

SUBMITTED BY
[Link] Name Registration no. Roll no.
1. Atharv Taralkar 12506355 51
2. Vaishnavi Mahadik 12506487 52
3. V. Chandra Kiran 12504204 53

SUBMITTED TO
Dr. Neha Ahuja
INTRODUCTION
An Electronic Voting Machine (EVM) is an electronic device used for conducting elections in
a fast, secure, and reliable manner. Traditional paper ballot systems require a large amount of
time for counting votes and are prone to human errors. To overcome these problems, electronic
voting systems were introduced.

In this project, a microcontroller-based Electronic Voting Machine is designed to record and

display votes. The system allows voters to cast their vote by pressing a push button
corresponding to a candidate. The vote is then stored in the microcontroller memory and the
total votes for each candidate can be displayed on an LCD screen or a display unit.

The main objective of this project is to demonstrate how microcontrollers can be used to create
a simple and efficient voting system. The design ensures that each vote is counted accurately
and the results can be displayed easily.

OBJECTIVES
The main objectives of this project are:

• To design a simple Electronic Voting Machine using a microcontroller.

• To allow voters to cast their vote using push buttons.
• To count the total number of votes for each candidate automatically.
• To display voting results using an LCD or display unit.
• To demonstrate the practical application of microcontrollers in real-world systems.

COMPONENTS REQUIRED
The following components are used in this project:

• 8051 Microcontroller
• Push Buttons (for candidates)
• 16×2 LCD Display
• Resistors
• Crystal Oscillator
• Power Supply
• Connecting wires
• Breadboard / PCB

These components help in detecting button presses, processing votes, and displaying the
results.

WORKING PRINCIPLE
The Electronic Voting Machine works based on the input received from push buttons connected
to the microcontroller. Each push button represents a different candidate in the election.
When a voter presses a button, the microcontroller detects the input signal from that particular
button. The program inside the microcontroller increments the vote count for that candidate.
The vote count is stored internally in the microcontroller.

After the voting process is complete, the results can be displayed on the LCD screen. The
display shows the number of votes received by each candidate. The system ensures that every
button press corresponds to one vote.

This project demonstrates how digital systems can be used to simplify the voting process and
reduce errors associated with manual counting.

METHODOLOGY
The methodology used in this project involves the following steps:

1. The microcontroller is programmed using assembly language or embedded C to detect

input signals from push buttons.
2. Each push button is connected to a specific input pin of the microcontroller representing
different candidates.
3. When a voter presses a button, the microcontroller reads the input and increments the
vote count for that candidate.
4. The microcontroller processes the data and stores the vote count in memory.
5. The final results are displayed on a 16×2 LCD display.

This method allows the system to count votes automatically and display the results quickly.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM EXPLANATION

The circuit of the Electronic Voting Machine is built using an AT89C51 microcontroller,
push buttons, LCD display, crystal oscillator, and some passive components like resistors and
capacitors. The microcontroller acts as the main controller of the system. It receives the input
from the push buttons when a voter selects a candidate and processes the information. After
processing the input, the microcontroller displays the vote count on the LCD screen.

The push buttons in the circuit represent different candidates. When a voter presses a particular
button, the microcontroller detects the signal from that button and increases the vote count for
the selected candidate. The LCD display is used to show the names of the candidates and the
total number of votes received by each one.

The main parts of the circuit and their functions are explained below:

• Microcontroller (AT89C51)
The microcontroller is the brain of the system. It reads the inputs from the push buttons,
counts the votes, and controls the LCD display.

• Push Buttons
Push buttons are used as input devices. Each button represents a candidate such as DMK,
ADMK, CONG, and BJP. Another button is used to display the voting results.

• Crystal Oscillator
The crystal oscillator provides the clock signal required for the microcontroller to operate
properly and execute instructions.

• Capacitors and Resistor

These components are used in the reset circuit and oscillator circuit to ensure stable operation
of the microcontroller.

• LCD Display (16×2)

The LCD display is used to show messages and voting results. It displays the number of votes
received by each candidate.

• Power Supply
A regulated 5V power supply is used to power the microcontroller and other components in
the circuit.

Overall, the circuit works by detecting button presses from voters, processing the input through
the microcontroller, and displaying the voting results on the LCD screen. This makes the voting
process simple, fast, and easy to understand.

PROGRAM CODE
ORG 0000H
MOV P1,#0FFH ; Port 1 as input (buttons)
MOV P2,#00H ; Port 2 connected to LCD

MOV R0,#00H ; DMK votes

MOV R1,#00H ; ADMK votes
MOV R2,#00H ; CONG votes
MOV R3,#00H ; BJP votes

START:
JNB P1.0,DMK ; If DMK button pressed
JNB P1.1,ADMK ; If ADMK button pressed
JNB P1.2,CONG ; If CONG button pressed
JNB P1.3,BJP ; If BJP button pressed
JNB P1.4,RESULT ; If Result button pressed
SJMP START
DMK:
INC R0 ; Increase DMK vote
ACALL DELAY
SJMP START

ADMK:
INC R1 ; Increase ADMK vote
ACALL DELAY
SJMP START

CONG:
INC R2 ; Increase CONG vote
ACALL DELAY
SJMP START

BJP:
INC R3 ; Increase BJP vote
ACALL DELAY
SJMP START

RESULT:
MOV A,R0
MOV P2,A ; Display DMK votes
ACALL DELAY

MOV A,R1
MOV P2,A ; Display ADMK votes
ACALL DELAY

MOV A,R2
MOV P2,A ; Display CONG votes
ACALL DELAY

MOV A,R3
MOV P2,A ; Display BJP votes
ACALL DELAY

SJMP START

DELAY:
MOV R5,#255
D1: MOV R6,#255
D2: DJNZ R6,D2
DJNZ R5,D1
RET

END

APPLICATIONS
Electronic Voting Machines are widely used in various applications such as:

• National and state elections

• College and university elections
• Organizational voting systems
• Polling and survey systems

They help in conducting elections efficiently with accurate vote counting.

ADVANTAGES
The advantages of this system include:

• Fast vote counting

• Reduced human error
• Easy to operate
• Reliable and accurate
• Saves time compared to manual voting systems

RESULT
The Electronic Voting Machine successfully records votes when a button corresponding to a
candidate is pressed. Each vote is counted accurately by the microcontroller and stored in its
memory. The final voting results are displayed on the LCD screen, showing the total votes
received by each candidate. The system demonstrates an efficient and reliable method for
electronic vote counting.

CONCLUSION
The Electronic Voting Machine using a microcontroller provides a simple and efficient solution
for conducting elections electronically. The system reduces the time required for vote counting
and minimizes the chances of errors compared to traditional voting methods.

This project demonstrates the practical use of microcontrollers in designing embedded systems.
With further improvements such as security features and data storage, this system can be
developed into a more advanced and secure voting machine suitable for real-world
applications.