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Advanced C Programming Notes

The document provides topic-wise notes on Advanced C Programming, covering key concepts such as arrays, pointers, strings, structures, unions, preprocessor directives, and file handling. Each unit includes definitions, examples, and important functions related to the topic. It serves as a comprehensive guide for understanding essential C programming concepts.

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Anshul
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7 views2 pages

Advanced C Programming Notes

The document provides topic-wise notes on Advanced C Programming, covering key concepts such as arrays, pointers, strings, structures, unions, preprocessor directives, and file handling. Each unit includes definitions, examples, and important functions related to the topic. It serves as a comprehensive guide for understanding essential C programming concepts.

Uploaded by

Anshul
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Advanced C Programming - Topic-wise Notes

UNIT-I: Arrays

- Arrays are collections of elements of the same data type stored in contiguous memory locations.

- One-dimensional arrays: int arr[10];

- Two-dimensional arrays: int matrix[3][3];

- Accessing elements: arr[0], matrix[1][2];

- Array initialization: int arr[] = {1, 2, 3};

- Sorting: Bubble sort, Selection sort etc.

- Arrays and functions: Passing arrays to functions using pointers.

- Memory representation: Row-major (C style) and column-major.

UNIT-II: Pointers

- Pointer: A variable that stores the address of another variable.

- Declaration: int *p;

- Initialization: int a = 10; p = &a;

- Indirection operator (*), Address-of operator (&)

- Pointer arithmetic: p++, p--, p+n

- Dynamic memory allocation: malloc(), calloc(), free()

- Pointers and arrays: int *p = arr;

UNIT-III: Strings

- Strings are arrays of characters ending with null character '\0'.

- Declaration: char str[20] = "Hello";

- Initialization: char str[] = {'H','e','l','l','o','\0'};

- Functions: strlen(), strcpy(), strcat(), strcmp()

- Manual implementation using loops.

UNIT-IV: Structures and Unions


Advanced C Programming - Topic-wise Notes

- Structures: Group of variables of different types.

- Declaration: struct student {int id; char name[20];};

- Access fields using dot operator: [Link]

- Nested structures: struct dept {struct student s; int code;};

- Union: Similar to structure but shares memory.

- Difference: Structure allocates memory for all members, Union for largest one.

UNIT-V: Preprocessor and Bitwise Operators

- Preprocessor: Handles directives before compilation.

- Macro: #define PI 3.14

- File inclusion: #include <stdio.h>

- Conditional compilation: #ifdef, #ifndef, #endif

- Bitwise operators: &, |, ^, ~, <<, >>

- Bit fields and masks: Used to access specific bits.

UNIT-VI: File Handling

- File: Collection of data stored on disk.

- Opening: FILE *fp = fopen("[Link]", "r");

- Closing: fclose(fp);

- Functions: fgetc(), fputc(), fprintf(), fscanf()

- Random access: fseek(), ftell(), rewind()

- Command line arguments: main(int argc, char *argv[])

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