Top TCS Manual Testing Interview Questions
1. What is Manual Testing?
Answer: Manual testing is testing without using any automation tools to find defects.
It ensures the software is bug free and meets the requirements.
2. What are the types of manual testing?
Answer:
Black Box Testing: Testing without knowing the internal workings.
White Box Testing: Testing with knowing the internal code.
Unit Testing: Testing individual components.
Integration Testing: Testing combined parts of the application.
System Testing: Testing the whole system.
Acceptance Testing: Verifying the software meets business requirements.
3. What is software testing life cycle (STLC)?
Answer: STLC includes:
Requirement Analysis: Understanding the testing requirements.
Test Planning: Creating the test plan.
Test Case Development: Writing test cases.
Test Environment Setup: Setting up the environment.
Test Execution: Executing test cases.
Test Cycle Closure: Closing the test cycle and documenting.
4. What is a test case?
Answer: A test case is a set of conditions or actions to verify a specific feature or
functionality of the software application. It includes test steps, preconditions, test
data, expected results and postconditions.
5. What is a bug or defect in software testing?
Answer: A bug or defect is an error, flaw or fault in the software application that
causes it to produce incorrect or unexpected results or behave in unintended ways.
6. What is defect life cycle?
Answer: Defect life cycle includes:
New: When a defect is found.
Assigned: Assigned to developer for fixing.
Fixed: Developer fixes the defect.
Test: Tester retests the defect.
Closed: Defect is fixed and closed.
Reopen: If defect still exists, it is reopened.
7. What is test plan?
Answer: A test plan is a document that outlines the scope, approach, resources and
schedule of testing activities. It defines test objectives, test criteria, test deliverables
and risk assessment.
8. What is test strategy?
Answer: A test strategy is a high level document that defines the test approach
including testing scope, resources, schedule, test types and tools to be used.
9. What is a test scenario?
Answer: A test scenario is a high level description of what needs to be tested. It
represents a user journey or a specific functionality to be tested.
10. How do you prioritize test cases?
Answer: Test cases are prioritized based on:
Business Impact: Features critical to business.
Frequency of Use: Features used frequently.
Complexity: Features with complex functionality.
Regulatory Requirements: Compliance related features.
11. What is exploratory testing?
Answer: Exploratory testing is an informal testing approach where testers explore the
application without pre defined test cases to find defects through their experience and
intuition.
12. What is usability testing?
Answer: Usability testing is testing the user friendliness of an application. It is testing
how easily users can navigate and interact with the application.
13. What is regression testing?
Answer: Regression testing is re-testing of already tested functionality after changes
or updates to ensure nothing has been broken.
14. What are test deliverables?
Answer: Test deliverables are documents and reports generated during testing, test
plans, test cases, defect reports, test summary reports.
15. How do you do risk based testing?
Answer: Risk based testing is testing based on risk of failure and impact. High risk
areas are tested more thoroughly.
Learn Software Testing from QA Experts! Get Free Demo Classes Here!
16. What is boundary value analysis?
Answer: Boundary value analysis is a test case design technique where you test at the
boundaries of input ranges to find defects at edge cases.
17. What is equivalence partitioning?
Answer: Equivalence partitioning is where input data is divided into equivalent
partitions and a few test cases from each partition are tested.
18. What is a test script?
Answer: A test script is a set of steps to test a particular functionality. Manual or
automated.
19. What is the difference between verification and validation?
Answer:
Verification: The product is built correctly as per specifications.
Validation: The product meets user requirements and expectations.
20. What is alpha and beta testing?
Answer:
Alpha Testing: Conducted by internal teams before the product is released to
external users.
Beta Testing: Conducted by few external users to get feedback before final
release.
21. What is a test harness?
Answer: A test harness is a bunch of software and test data to test a program by
simulating different scenarios and capturing the output.
22. What is the role of a tester in agile development?
Answer: In agile development, testers work with developers and stakeholders,
participate in sprint planning, create and execute test cases and ensure continuous
integration and delivery.
23. What is defect clustering?
Answer: Defect clustering means a small number of modules have most of the
defects. This is according to the Pareto principle where 80% of defects are found in
20% of the modules.
24. How do you handle missed defects in testing?
Answer: Missed defects are handled by:
Conducting root cause analysis.
Improving test coverage and test cases.
Enhancing test techniques and strategies.
Providing additional training to testers.
25. What is test data management?
Answer: Test data management is creating, managing and maintaining test data
required to execute test cases. It ensures data integrity and consistency across test
environments.