Scribd
Upload
7 views61 pages

Practical 3rd Sem

The document discusses the use of universal weather symbols on maps to represent various meteorological conditions, including wind direction, cloud cover, and sea conditions. It also describes the instruments used to measure temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure, detailing their functions and how they operate. Additionally, it provides examples of how to interpret these measurements and symbols for weather forecasting.

Uploaded by

nikhiluthar43
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
7 views61 pages

Practical 3rd Sem

The document discusses the use of universal weather symbols on maps to represent various meteorological conditions, including wind direction, cloud cover, and sea conditions. It also describes the instruments used to measure temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure, detailing their functions and how they operate. Additionally, it provides examples of how to interpret these measurements and symbols for weather forecasting.

Uploaded by

nikhiluthar43
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
(C) Weather Symbols We have already studied that weather conditions are shown on maps with the help of symbols in present times. These symbols are recognised universally and therefore, their use in all countries of the world is made to connote the same meanings. Main international weather symbols are given below. 1. Symbols of wind direction and velocity. Wind direction and velocity is represented in weather maps by symbols of shape similar to arrows (Fig.16). The shaft of this arrow shows the wind direction and number of oblique lines and triangles Table 3, Abbreviations of Sea Conditions. Cm Calm Calm sea Sm Smooth Very little waves sea Si Slight Little waves sea Mod Moderate Moderate waves sea Ro Rough Rough sea V. Ro Very Rough Very rough sea Hi High High waves sea V. Hi Very High Very high waves sea Ph Phenomenal Phenomenal sea —w> Wave Direction Wave direction ‘show wind speed in miles per hour oF knots (Ciner= 123 res). Sal elas foe Sindee of ka (pr ous ind Sel: ee 10a a ‘nl 0 Kaus. Fr exile symbol tube Fp ne tht be ind ee from te west (wind diecton i expe by Seon flows oa) an the wd see's ‘oom 1 Symbaloo ever. Amo of dd cover in th sy is sow by exch ehh pao ‘all le, The cl ofthe ool epmeacd Ue ostion of obra ard ine’ ened per inde amauta oad cone, 2 Symbls of cond tp In weather aps high ace cll pea ho wien {oun of cloud cover Clouds eof 10 nds ‘hose sym ae sown in Fig 4 Amount of eal. Aci moot of ‘nine ren nthe ie fe ll showing lad nef swan moat ‘fl in wee ape Lex han? cn il ‘pond ty mos Ral ancnig 0250 (ms shown by symbol and ors 075 a 149 by bo I nin aly eee ‘ip of 8:30am he il of put 2 a ad [the weer mp of $30 pn he tute of ‘lofi in pst 9 ows wn ‘4 Otiersymils of meter Fi9 shows weather symbols of her weather raed enone, Wie making the Sols us the oon tema lowe ©) yet ea Shek malsar mde oven ah Stowe ef nw sles, blo nd ee, (2) Ihe i conn tao phenomena ‘mons wil be made ce soe fo et ‘ther Conon rl, eta ft ‘24 contour sow we te ea of ‘Sm (©) For xen nes fs piso, he ‘ymbol of tat pheomene rept! eel. Sym irropested twice fo ‘nei ly ad te eye ‘Metam ed rehtet sow sa be ‘iti snl hom eh ba Semple Weather Mas 319 ‘Symbols of Wind Speed Se ones | Maer [mt © | cw | om Oe ee Pees | seamen [sr] oe | oe wo s—] = oo ee ee K_| on | se eo SS] ne | ier eo a] an | er oe SE] | aera BL] me | a oo SSE] 2 | ae oo BL] we | ee on SE] we | er on Bae | vie | sosercen Symbols of Cloud Cov «1O | Of ome °|@ |G] a 210 | @| sme “lo | @] = -lalol« ‘lo | e/a. . «+1 @ | G] » 1 @ | DO] morm -+| 0] @] « «| @ omar Symbols of Cloud-Types Symbol Cloud-type Symbol Cloud-type Cirrus ~~ Stratocumulus Cirrostratus Nimbostratus Cirrocumulus Cumulus Altocumulus Cumulus congestus Altostratus Cumulonimbus Stratus Scud [DD [DIN ¢| t : t=|<|e[£l[e|[+ i &3 feel Ato] | me V etine iim. L | sratnat @® | sere He | conmontn scr as © foots ° < osninin [wo fu K ‘Trandersom an Bi | mince [ar fp ]omm oe ro INDIAN DAILY WEATHER MAP - WINTERS RE I EEL OTT, Pi Thursday, 18 January, 1979 : Pause 28, Saka 1900 (A) Preliminary Information This weather map shows weather conditions of 0830 hours L.S.T. (0300 hours G.M.T.) on Thursday, 1 Janay 1979 (ante 28, Sl 1908 (Fg 20 ‘Them inf rigs 2 ho be Aime efabento LOD hs bes saw inthe mp. (8) Atmosphere Pressure “ArmosperieprestreInreates fom south ‘Gartner (1020 8) per But {tren nd he pres ene aes Siero dnc nih south of Nba Tat et fat of he Abin Sh crest pee 1014 eh recs {own Alps The ea of ba 2 1: High peer are aes of te rap ih vse ares shows By eter (iT i we eed Ans. He tone pease 1040 (lb) 0 tore Aniherselativel les ior Bh freee sted orteent Ara Piet est aga ad noses Mn. Seep meow ed ET presue ara. Ther fn ow amoepar peste ae a th apa {NGL two a ae eve on and and heroin sr () Nove Ot Pah vt Bar and et Nel Easter pa of ‘Shon nse n Manea (i)Oci part south of oar nr nd (Ari ca uve Sr Cape Comer, Tse ra eh eer flow) eye, The iste ied (y tot wh star and he so oy 1018 Pts Te renin wo ws a eave Timmy pena o 108 mh nit se 0 {Suan pars ofthe one ond the sae 1 ro “Teo har Fm sy of el oh nares ot fe Sere taecen aman te oe SF pre gh es wee Has SURES oem a Le poe Seen UP al een Made Freche hs pict The ape of ow prs a ve Su pine ip ve ae te a tt ‘ito beget ets oa ‘Ses ce ut fe pes {* INDIAN Day WEATHER REPORT NER APA O60 HRS, > GAA) nace sy, rs 0 30) nl uc gen heat ‘nus Po eaten Nis Prades, Ba Spe oon Sct Re Bel rnc nga Ste, ee wi ay Be ved ease ante omer Feet at Sac ri ee aan CaP en Po pinged ase Nadya Pradesh, Orissa, Mahan, a memes Sma pier Seach et ae ot anaes Sos cee ee renee re Feetdeeetectagetet Sees (0) Sy Contin met of ule ng We eon ‘itvtmat be weer beware le ‘Sve Sap abt ele wd Bae {ret Cloud covers 8 over Costin ‘seal, Conn, Uae wl ib (pe Anal wa Pesavar hu cove 34 Ss of Auengag nr, Peden sad Cat Near obsess ep 1 loud ove, Blner snd Pane he 2 sky wit clud cove ‘eta, Heated, Mt, Namal, pe Jdips, Bao, Comba an Tat toe isco wit ous Si of Debs, rare. 7 Nar felt. The map sows cous iw tg 1 Otter stonpere phenomena it gad over Gorka, Raipur Hyderabad, aihhpatnam, Mamba, Pane, Coehin wa “vende Mat show i spr, Inde, ib, Cava wd nga. Dei, Onl, ig sao ae © Precipitation | Genera debate it ‘ane in Bae ples aes Nadya Pes (i 1979) eed afl i ‘beerved in Himachal Pragesh, western Usar Fred ween Maya deh Vinh an at en ex prt ob nny ean 2 Area of best rafal Rl Beey sisi aed efi pl ‘ame mantem) Gore Rat es 2 Shy ae (Se niin ce ( Departare of Marimum Temperature from Normal Mage epee "C9 bel oa in inact Prd, sume Una Pde, Haran, Puje, Ratan, weer May Pradesh an Galt Toe maxim agave evan omnia engenn f3° ‘un iss jan ne po Anda Pradesh, Keoaas, Skis aed Asam the minus tempt a aeardace fo be orm mamas tpt In he eg Po te cout he eam emp for fan oma I eh Anda Pra Cape Ksyatuas, western Biba, West Benga, Mehl, Ngan, Mapa pars Mors tnd western Jana and Kasha axis {epee sore tn °C fem al Fi ua, (0) Departure of Minimum Temperature from Normal ‘Eaters Jr Ks, Mucha Pr, UP imal (row Orang), Racha and ore Os! hte minum engrse et th somal Ws Bog stern Ur Pech, fasten Mays Paes end sateen Andes Fah cts hve isin pers PC ‘Sonn fo at tO Bg wes Use Pei pins, Harn, ween aia Psh, southern Gat, ental Saar, vor Tenn ad ine pars of och Karnataka, minimum temperature is 2°C above normal minimum temperature. In the remaining parts, there is no deviation of night temperature from the normal minimum temperature (Fig.21 Right). gor DEPARTURE OF MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE FROM NORMAL Fig 21 a TST 414.1 Temperatnne Meas tonne Herne knoe ha eA NE AMON Of ane eanevatre exivenses 1 en es im Renn at Kelvin LF ny vate temperature. THE AVEFRE vali gp 1 a ini FINPEFAUTE OF a ie ql mmanim ane average ay WINPEraLTE, They arcrares vate oF al Ne dy Fora month at tera average monthly femperatUre andthe aye” vmanthty temperatures of the Warmest and eoiet months ily and January in the northern hemispgy Trepectvely), i called the average annual “Along with the average temperatures, ry temperature range is also an important elemen, Ty difference between the maximum and minima temperatures of a day is called the daily range of temperature. The difference between the maximum an trinimum (average daily) temperature of any meni Called monthly temperature range. Similarly, te difference between the hottest and coolest mari (average) temperature of a place is called the smal temperature range. The real air temperature is determined bt sheltered short waves solar radiation (SWSR) oH. Jong waves terrestrial radiation (LWTR), sees structure, nature of the surface, elevation from sea level ete. These elements effect the temperature of place. Generally, the a air is measured with the help of a stable theme, device. The Stevenson's sereen is placed #8 8, box where air ean move frely. The boxs pig to reflect the sunlight tis Kept in an ope® about a height of 3.6 feet, -rmometer or thermometer isa thin glass ‘ol or mercury inside, which expands with ‘One end has a bulb that is Filed win aling the glass tube, all air is removed the inside of the tube. When the temperature rise the meroury expands and rises i of the tube and when the temperature decreases, the mercury fal downwards. The values of temperature in Celsius and Fahrenheit are marked on the glass tube and is measured in correspond to the mercury level in the thermometer. SIMPLE THERMOMETER Mercury Bue Fig. 11.1; Simple Thermometer It is aU shaped glass tube that can record maximum and minimum temperatures reached over a period of time, with one arm displaying maximum temperatures and the other displays minimum temperatures in Celsius and Fahrenheit. The bulb on the top of the thermometer is filled with spirit and the bend of the *U’ contains mercury. — The indicator can be moved upwards and downwards with the help ofa magnet. During the day (excluding maximum and minimum measurement times) the indicator is moved to the mercury in the tube. Then, as soon as the temperature starts rising, the indicator of reaching the maximum temperature, when the temperature starts decreasing, the mercury starts [Link] down, The indicator stops at the maximum temperature for the time and it is noted. Similarly, in the minimum temperature tube, the indicator starts to move upwards with the decrease in temperature and stops at the minimum temperature. The mercury starts to come down as the temperature rises. (MAXIMUM AND. MINIMUM THERMOMETER Fig. 11.2 : Six’s Maximum and Minimum Thermometer PRRPRE. umiaty Measuring Instruments The amount of water vapour present in the atmosphere of the earth is called atmospheric humidity, ‘Water vapour is found in small amounts (0-3%) inthe atmosphere, however, it is an important element of climate and weather. The proportion of different gases near the surface remains almost the ‘same, but the amount wa —y~ mer and water vapour varies, locally and «ally. Absolute humidity ithe actual amount of yy ver vapour at & particular time ina given volume of air wige atmosphere. The relative humidity is the stage value of the absolute humidity and the writ capacity of the air at a given temperature. ‘The key tools for recording relative humidity are ssfollows: 1,Wetand Dry Bulb Thermometer This instrument has two thermometers in a wood fame, in which one thermometer’s bulb is uncovered, uihich is called a dry bulb thermometer. The second thermometer bulb is covered with a piece of fabric and the lower part of the fabric is immersed in a small container full of water, This is called a wet-bulb thermometer, The amount of relative humidity is known through a table based on the difference between dry and humid thermometer. (Table 11.2) Example 1.1: If the temperature of the dry bulb is 75°F and the wet-bulb temperature is 60°F, then what is the relative humidity? Solution : Dry bull temperature = 75° F Wet-bulb temperature = 60° F Difference of temperature of both bulbs = 75°F 60°F = 15°F According to Table 11.2, the number written below the 75° Fand at difference of 15 is 40. So that the relative humidity is 40%. 2. Hair Hygrometer This device was invented in 1783 AD by De Saussure. It works on the principle that the human hair contracts or enlarged with the increase and decrease in relative humidity. The hair ofa length of 8 to 10 inches is fastened on a needle dial passing over a pulley. The pulley is connected to an index that moves over a graduated scale. The relative humidity is read on a scale 0f0%- 100%, WET AND DRY BULB. ‘THERMOMETER ° 3/8 //s/ala ies ie Fig. 11.3: Wet and Dry Bulb Thermometer 11.4.3 Atmospheric Pressure Measuring Instruments The force exerted on the surface of the earth by the air in the atmosphere as it is pulled by gravity. is called air pressure. The air pressure is measured in inches, millimeters and millibars (Mb) by devices known as Barometers. A millibar is equal to a pressure of 1000 dynes per square centimeter (A dyne is the force applied to amass of one gram in one second that will produce a velocity of one-cm per second). Generally, air pressure is influenced by height from the mean sea level, distance 3. Aneroid Barometer ‘Aneroid barometer does not have any liquid or ‘mercury in it. Itis an airless table clock-like device made of metal. Ithas flexible metal cover over which contains a dial. The dial has the value of air pressure units in inches or millibars. A needle is inserted in the middle of the dial which moves according to the change in air pressure onthe lid. This needle points at the values of air pressure which is recorded. Apart from the unit of air pressure, there are few other weather conditions directly associated with air pressure those are also mentioned con the dial like dry, open sky, rainfall, storm, etc., which indicates the possible weather condition. ANEROID BAROMETER © 3t Fir Very 1000 ‘stromy Rain | Dry Change Fig. 11.6: Aneroid Barometer 11.4.4. Wind Velocity and Direction + Measuring Instruments When the atmospheric air blows horizontally from place to another ina certain direction, itis called wind, Both the velocity and direction of the wind are Tepresented on a weather map, The direction from which the wind blow is considered as the direction of the wind. The direction and speed of wind are influenced by the Surface elevations, so the direction and wind speed is ‘measured at an altitude of about 10 meters from the mean sea level. There is a close connection between the pressure ‘gradient and wind blow. The difference between the air Pressure of the two places is called pressure gradient and is responsible for wind blow. When the isobars are close, meaning thatthe air pressure is changing at small distances, the pressure gradient is considered to be high and when the isobars are at large distances, then the pressure gradient is low. The wind blows from hig, pressure areas to low pressure areas. Generally, the wing velocity depends on the pressure gradient and the wing direction is determined by the pressure gradient ang coriolis force. The key instruments for recording Wind, direction and velocity are as follows: Wind Vane Wind vane is used to record the direction ofthe wind, It is a simple device in which an arrow is fitted with a bearing on a pole on ahigher ground or on top of a building, The arrow is kept horizontal. As the witd blow, the arrow points towards the direction of the wind The direction in which the tip of the arrow is pointed the direction of the wind. TT WIND VANE Arrow Bearing 2. Anemometer Anemometer is used to measure wind speed and direction. It consists of four hemispherical cups mounted on horizontal rods attached to a vertical pole with a bearing for smooth movement. A meter is placed at the base of this device to record the wind speed. -——_ ANEMOGRAPH Bearing _ Cup Fig. 11.8 : Anemometer According to the speed of the wind, strings engaged in iispherical cups rotate and mark the wind speed on te device under the main rod. , The value inscribed by the anemometer is "verted into a Beaufort scale according to the table, hich reflects the actual speed of the wind. ll 1145 Precipitation Measuring Instruments Precipitation is any liquid or frozen water that forms inthe atmosphere and falls back to the earth. It comes in any forms like rain, sleet and snow etc. Rainfall is one ofthe most important form in this, the following devices aeused for recording rainfall: Gauge Itis a device that measure the quantity of rainfall ina given period in a particular place. This device is Tounted on a metal stand. It consists a cylinder and a ‘imel placed on its mouth, which is attached toa tube. The rain water is deposited in the tube through the BERS Ee RAIN GAUGE, Funnel Store Tube —} § 2 Stand —> Fig. 11.9: Rain Gauge funnel. The volume of water filled in the tube represents the quantity of rainfall. [Link] Rose Diagram ‘Table 12.9: Direction of Wind in Jaipur, 203 These are also known a sta i ‘SNo.__Direetion ofthe Wind [Link] Days ‘North 2 East 3 South ” West e days wind-blown in a certain direction, The number ccalm days are shown inthe centre ofthe ci Example 12.9 Draw a Wind Rose Diagram using the given data North-west WIND ROSE DIAGRAM AIPUR CITY, 2022 N sw Scale 1 Cm= 10 Days ssn pein Diagram ist denn denn avn iorpes + Umer Que) afaabllomn ss oes wat Mt toe, 2 win 06-2 note it apa ih eran fees of mani ale, 3 igh Quai 3) = 5%* sae ate ae, mean, owe qe ad Mipt : a as ot raged nag ae te _ Th ae nh pod sth verte yer andthe minimum and St 4S dag, esl rch etss ned Ten ey, Example 12.10: Papre «Rayfl Dein dQ, each ths Diam with he ep of he lenge ——E {Lover uri) Mein. (Oink) range my i a crag er nl sd ciate he ro) Mesa, | Mei 7 AF 12517 3a ed ESD us a ast ar mms me se tome 35 aD OS a wis 07 sia Me Genie I) 2 Gor Ack TR) 202 M7 MGI SSK 20 no 1s7 mb 8) tae a2 2547 mS SAT aD idee 7 3 mA RT S60 12 TT DTA HAY DSS Ma cst sa m7 on isa masa eed me om? 12 M2 mA 36 m0 Te ims ome 268 mS 14 aT IK) Hebe 287 37 3K aL Bs a7 77 AMT sad Qaite XS mu 2s 780 amo 00 13 mss 93 7 1 Menai 21 44 8S 90 9 208 m1 zy 69 9K 62 Graph ‘Ts pup est etd The war budget graph sama iosny tn pyr ep pT obictndwactahcetipac nanny Eat cy tose rire a Semple 1211 roa nr Buk Grom a Scrape meson cata for monty rafal Dharwad - (rrtareon WATER BU OF DISTRICT GHAZIABAD fea 130-0 we 1. Histogram Histogram isa diagram in which variables of Continuons series and their frequencies are plotted (0n-8 graph. The class interval is placed on the x-axis ‘and the frequencies are placed on. the y-axis. ‘wo-dimensional_geaph, where not onthe Jength OE the bar is important, but also its_width has the ‘Same importance. In other words, histogram is @ diagram involving rectangle whose area is Proportional to the frequency of a variable and width is equal to the class interval. There are two ways of ‘constructing a histogram based on the class interval, theie are: (@) When the class intervals are equal: When ‘the class intervals are equal throughout the dataset, the class intervals are placed at certain equal distances on the, x-axis and frequency is placed on the y-axis. The longest barirectangle is called the “Mode bar” as the Mode. of the data can be ‘termined on this bar, The left top of the Tongest bar is joined with the left top comer of the previous bar and the right top comer of the longest bar is joined with the right corner of the next bar. The poir where these ‘two lines intersect each other, is the mode of the dataset, which can be identified by dropping @ perpendicular line from this point to the xeaxi —Raintanigem) Now of Days 10.20 2030 30-40 7 40-50 » 50-60 3 60-70 45 70-80 35 80-90 2 90-100 15 (©) When the class intervals are unequal: Inthis situation, the frequency data is modified and arranged according to the smallest class interval, Ifthe smallest class intervals 10and the larger class interval is twice its size, then“! the frequency of the larger class interval will. be divided by 2. Ifthe clas interval is3 times of the size of the smallest clas interval, tte 8 frequency will be divided by 3. In this was with the help of frequency and class interva, histogram is prepared, The value of mode hes been obtained as in the previous case. 0 a 0 0 4 0 wm m0 % alfa nm) Pe 1239: Hagan ee repay ° ‘sTooRAM . 8 , 4H Be j 5 oa 208040 78) 100 Rafat nem) he 34H ‘i120: aan Chae gen Tat Naan Aran on Rein ze 3 ; By 5 Monee 3 Liege Fo eqoeney Pome angle 12.34; Contract Freq Past ‘hey of hein da fot Bafta Reon a Pagan poh ™ FREQUENCY POLYGON Saale: 10mm =2em ee Sw Wee Ant Raifal(em) Mods 2) 88m 1236: rqene Fogo FreqeneCoreorOgheCure ‘3c ir deal Shes eto Soreeateeeena See eoranne sai ee eaieats Saosco ‘a so cae yh mp ere Fort te ‘thei wer mete dee Emi i NT ea ‘evabeatqaniy melon aan ‘ect eae Pam ie Se ‘Som pa rae ‘Sepsis neve tee nt 18mm he eth eis pti inte then ee ta Lower uta (29) 386 eaun on = 5220 oper cum a) 8450 Pip. 1236: Ope Curve ' 12.4 GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION I Graphs are drawn to represent a comparison | between two geographical entities or a continuous treng of any feature. Graphs are easy to read and more accu than many of their counterparts. The curvilines, representation of areal and periodical trends of geographical facts on graph paper with the help of o- ordinates is known as graph. These are generally drawn to show the relationship between time and certain elements. 1. Simple Linear Graph This graph shows the changing trend of ay clement with a simple line on graph paper, therefore tis also known as Line Graph or simple graph. This graphis drawn with the help of two coordinates, One coordinat® Moby Temperate, comin i he yan jg_AMWH ergs Mh Aer Soe ate aries ie pops ‘Temperate ar Fe sarin Aer ggg Siieumeoentlesrommiae gy Tamaya wees penesoe th a cragetoanmvntnticy ‘4 28 Syme na he COP odicton wad ey 0 Oteber 61 He eecaomt selon Tee 30 oer 5 renee et dane facie Goey ooh easton git A—_281_Deormber_165 osm cheer aan en ag Siena te vteteeh oan antya Metencatot mente eve “sea nando ea ater e meres moni Sime Now make emer ie seem de by aS ine Grape Sie c ‘sa staan SMPLE LINEAR oRAPH Monty Tempero pur eT HHH AW s N t i PPPPereyyyy "Fig, 1221: Simple Linear Graph anthems yaa ep rami HE heyyy Are Mi eae Son te gtd icon ection Atari gyg CO Siiabearnteleoopege Taay tas ay ee enn reson es prey, (ee? (#2 August 2k acavdmvihaseostiinseas MOH BS September 282 cis ep reo an dig APH 280 Oetker ceniqnvaniestcrnnecey ny cieiceceiecmeaeee MY Niet ee Gal he sph sta bye 28¢ 38 i {fesorobc ioe erthzem heats Salt Srimedhtebne ns tonne aege emt Dion and yah Meo nchotie I ont ie 1221: Represent the aerage monty ‘tego ty to Deenber one ese hvu nr Now me epee lesen Sure Lean onan anion Ypercect ape “ ANT Ppae ry ‘ig 12.21: Simple Linear Graph 310 Keeping in mind the maximum value of the temperature, which is 33.1, mark 0-35 on the y-axis at a difference of S units, ike 0, 5, 10, 15,..., 35. The highest value on the y-axis must always be higher than or equal tothe maximum value of the said variable. Now mark the temperatures of each month according to the dataset given in Table 12.29. Draw a line passing through all the points to complete the graph /4-Climograph 4 ‘The{fitst concept of a Climograph was propose ‘by_J. Bail in 1910 AD. After_that, Koeppen used Climograph to study the climatic zones of the world in AVIS AD, Koeppen made a chart using the monthly minimum and maximum temperature for the cold and \warm months ofthe year. In 1926,.[Link] presented ‘@ comparative analysis of the climate of different parts, of the world that was inspired by ee 's work. Int” the second decade of the 20% éehtu ‘Produced such a Climograph, which was useful to study the climatic conditions and their effect on human activities. Following him, Foster, Erwin Raisz, and Huntington also, produced Climograph. These climographs shows elationship between temperature and rainfall” Presently, Griffith Taylor's climograph is more Popular as it is drown on the basis of Average Monthly i id Average M Bul an Z Ninitiy. In a Climograph, relative humigig, a, ¢ x-axis and wet b btemperane vis, Relative humidity is considered orgy 2" eae is considered abscissa, 12 rea plotted, each represents months of a year on the a All these points are joined by a line consecutive) months are marked on each dot, The dots betyes December and January are also connected, Tas is_graph to determin rd i habitation in temperate regions the European population. On this graph, four types ¢f adjectives are used to be placed on its four comes, which represent the effect of the climate: Warm and Dry Climate (Scorching) : Thisis fant in the NW corner of the graph where the wet-bulb femperature is more thay 15°C (60°F) and the relate humidity is less than 40%. ‘Warm and Humid Climate (Muggy) : The NEsums is for the warm and humid climate where the wet-bib ‘temperature is higher than 15°C (60°F) and relaié (humidity is higher than 70%. 199) Nem Tadprtne ot Tis whe het eee Paine Steere tmseaes os ee ‘ci i tet Cit am even HC ts The cline ato th wee wea ae yon gO a Bekcion esas J et ee re Seetetnterts Abyiepwh nt ‘und fe om gas a 1336 Cur ino fr a Wet Rat Temperatr and line Hay aner = WetDub—_Raltne ee Web Rae ‘Temperstire —Homiy ‘Tempe Hy 0. co. °o. co “GE Lee i Jette cipeh sean “Leer Peg ayaiwecsnoniemeure is anata ys LExigacied Melomednm ie okie gmail: ‘ont ane ssp uml 225: Drath sme Ss ne ad i the help ofthe following deta: Oo ‘Table 1234: Average Monthly Temperature and Average Monthly Rath jer ne = =e teen in roe : f__9)___— es ne Nir Bs te Ocober ms ‘April —} May aa Fig 1225: Hyibergaph cai Seimaeewecsng: tot = (E. sre evenn - rca to eric (pC ln dng ae 00m Se nines on = ae ee FF seuanstesin cee Ran now = BE ctonctrstsien Se it 2S oe = E stncarsezton ee — s = = § 8 sm = ont a 7 mas ae = 2 # ramaey = [Ewton-asee ome ms 10 bs | Feel a “ = “Stan: a Inte gen dt, the manna temperate Cesena hali2825em ttc anaccfras§ Dytne forthe emperstare ofthe direst ‘tram the centr ofthe cre a seany ~ [3 stem -0714-284en, sone trary= fs om=07614=298=n Meck = [BS sgenmns0se4~3.30en, ‘russ {5 1.133 x4=0.532em. Nov. = 04 = x4em.=0.119*4=0.476cm. Dee. des “4om.=0-119 76cm. The above calculated distances for temperature and rainfall are marked on the radius of the particular ‘month and by jointing all the marked values through 12- sidded polygon to complete the graph. — 9. Ergograph An ergograph represents the “intettelationg ‘between climate, seasons and crops. The cycle of, cultivation corresponds closely with he seasons, Ine ergograph, temperature and humidity are shown wit ‘diagram. The vertical scale shows temperature, relative humidity (%) and average monthly rainfall (cm). ‘The horizontal axis shows months, the crop area (hectare) and the growing season is also represented | by joining various rectangles according to a suitable scale. The width of a rectangle is obtained by dividing = z area with the Jength of growing season, Example 12,30 : Draw an ergograph of Udaipur with the help of following data: Vo ee Nee ros, mt ne an a icy i 2 Me 08 2 Bom + ; oo iene “Sep for deowing an ergoaraph Be Sevaborionalnteantmark 12 months vding i ino 12 egal pars. Menton the theo | Nom do fwo vet ines perpenicuarto bath aot horizontal ie Mast emperaare CC) Seve let sige and relative humidity (5) onthe ese ‘esting to a prope sae, ark the values of temperature °C) and eltve humidity (9). Pot ‘etemperate graph andreltve umd graph by plating dot at propriate cordiates and heving ash carve for both variables. ‘Nom; mark the values of the average monthly ign the same vertical ine area huniiy fd ea histogram of rainfal (2m) fr al he monte To aw the area covered by diferent rops by tei easonaity. Frey, we ett eee POPE! Seale. The re ofthe various erps is represetee rectangles. Area the recangle= Leng "The stson foreach eop ean be ake ‘slong (1 cm =1 monty ad are in estar cae be inken ne square em (1 sq. em ~ | lakh hectare). Width of the rectangle for each erop can be calculated by dividing the area (sq. em) by lenath of growing season In this way Length ~ Width ~ Area 6. Draw rectangles for each crop showing the area under that crop in their growing period, Table 12.37 : Calculation of the Length and Breadth of Rectangles Crops Area Area [Link] Length Breadth (Lakh of | Month ofthe of the ccs feces cht | ven eeerene tare) tangle grow- tangle tangle asper ing = (em) (cm) seale season (cm) Male 193193 33 ag 064 Wheat 079 079 013 Mustard 0.19 0.19 0.03 Gram 0.14 0g 3 6 7 3 05 eruae Temperature (6) 40 ERGOGRAPH OF UDAIPUR Fig, 12.31: Ergograph

You might also like