Rawal Institute of Health Science

Rawal College of Nursing

BSN, Semester I, Session 2025-28
Subject: Microbiology
1 Viruses have their own -------in host that’s why they are host specific: 1
a. DNA
b. Receptors
c. RNA
d. Enzymes
2 Which of the following is a Gram-positive bacterium? 1
a) Escherichia coli
b) Staphylococcus aureus
c) Neisseria gonorrhoeae
d) Salmonella typhi
3 Which of the following bacteria obtain energy form light? 1
a. Chemotrophs
b. Phototrophs
c. Heterotrophs
d. Lithotrophs
4 What is the role of an endospore in bacterial cells? 1
a) Reproduction
b) Attachment
c) Survival in harsh conditions
d) Nutrient acquisition
5 Method used to reduce microbes responsible for spoilage of beer, milk, wine, juices, etc is called? 1
a. Filtration
b. Sterilization
c. Pasteurization
d. All
6 Which of the following components of innate immunity system? 1
a-antibodies
b-Phagocytosis
c-complementary proteins
d-Natural killer cell d) Mumps
7 Which of the following is an example of a beneficial microorganism in the human body? 1
a) E. coli
b) Salmonella
c) Streptococcus
d) Lactobacillus
8 Which of the following is a method to reduce the risk of healthcare-associated infections? 1
a) Regular handwashing
b) Avoiding vaccinations
c) Sharing personal items
d) Ignoring infection control measures
9 Which of the following cell is responsible for phagocytosis 1
a) T cell
b) B cell
c) Macrophages & Neutrophils
d) Platelets
10 How can beneficial bacteria on the skin protect against harmful microbes? 1
a) By producing toxic substances
b) By creating a physical barrier
c) By stimulating allergic reactions
d) By inhibiting the immune system
11 Who is known is the father of Microbiology? 1
a) Edwin john butler
b) Ferdinand cohn
c) Antoni van Leeuwenhoek
d) iv. Robert Koch
12 Food poisoning is caused by: 1
a) Overgrowth of gut bacteria
b) Parasite colonization
c) Malnutrition
d) Ingestion of preformed toxin
13 Bacteria was first discovered by 1
a) Leeuwenhoek
b) Robert Hook
c) Louis Pasteur
d) iv. Robert koch
14 Cancer causing virus was first discovered by 1
a) Twort
b) Rous
c) Enders
d) iv. Stanley
15 Bacterial conjugation was discovered by 1
a) Griffith
b) Robert koch
c) Lederberg and Tatum
d) iv. Beadle and Tatum
16 Who discovered vibrio cholera ? 1
a) Koch
b) Virchow
c) Mechnikov
d) iv. Pasteur
17 The founder of bacteriology is 1
a) Pasteur
b) Francesco Redy
c) A. V. Leeuwenho1ek
d) iv. Robert koch
18 The theory of immunity was proposed by 1
a) Koch
 b) Ehrlich
c) Hess
d) Hansen
19 Which scientists disprove the idea of spontaneous generation once and for all by using a specifically 1
designed swan- necked flask to heat broth?
a) Spallanzani
b) Pasteur
c) iii. Redi
20 The Gram stain differentiates bacteria based on: 1
a) Their metabolic activity
b) Their shape
c) The composition of their cell wall
d) Their ability to form spores
21 Which of the following is the selective media used for the cultivation and isolation of Neisseria 1
gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis?
a) Buffered charcoal- yeast extract agar
b) Thayer martin agar
c) Xylose lysine deoxycholate agar
d) Bile esculin agar
22 Select all the major and clinically important spore-forming bacteria: 1
a) Bacillus anthracis
b) Aspergillus flavus
c) Lactobacillus acidophilus
d) Clostridium perfringens
23 Which of the following microorganisms can grow only as strict intracellular parasites? 1
a) Bacteria
b) Viruses
c) Fungi
d) Protozoa
24 Which of the following RNA viruses is a highly contagious respiratory pathogen that can easily spread 1
from person to person?
a) Coronavirus
b) Dengue virus
c) Epstein Barr virus
d) Hepatitis B virus
25 Which of the following bacteria is an endospore-forming bacteria that is also a common foodborne 1
pathogen?
a) Bordetella pertussis
b) Clostridium botulinum
c) Klebsiella pneumoniae
d) Streptococcus pneumoniae
26 Which of the following gram positive bacteria is a strict anaerobe and can only grow in the absence of 1
oxygen? a. Streptococcus pneumoniae
b. Bordetella pertussis
c. Clostridium tetani
d. Staphylococcus epidermidis
27 Gram staining technique is used for the differentiation of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. 1
What color do gram-negative bacteria show when observed under the microscope after the staining
procedure?
a) Blue
b) Pink
c) Purple
d)Green
28 Which of the following is not considered a portal entry of bacteria? 1
a)Eyes
b) Nose
c) Mouth
d) Intact skin
29 Which of the following is the most effective way to prevent the spread of organisms? 1
a) Sterile technique
b) Medical asepsis
c) Use of uv properties
d) Hand hygiene
30 Which of the following is a gram-positive eubacterium? 1
a)Actinomyces
b)Clostridium
c)Rhizobium
d)Clostridium, Actinomyces
31 Which of the following microorganisms is not responsible for urinary tract infection? 1
a)Proteus mirabilis
b)Escherichia coli
c)Klebsiella pneumoniae
d)Bacteroides fragilis
32 The bacterial genus where sterols are present in the cell membrane is 1
a)Vibrio
b)Mycoplasma
c)Escherichia
d)Chlamydia
33 The bacterium that infects other gram-negative bacteria is 1
a)Proteus mirabilis
b)Haemophilus influenzae
c)Bdellovibrio
d)Pseudomonas putida
34 Which of the statements regarding gram staining is wrong? 1
a)Mycobacterium tuberculosis stains blue because of the thick lipid layer
b) Streptococcus pyogenes stains blue because of a thick peptidoglycan layer
c) Escherichia coli stains pink because of a thin peptidoglycan layer
d) Mycoplasma pneumoniae is not visible in the Gram’s stain because it has no cell wal
35 Which of the following is not a recognised cause of diarrhea? 1
a)Vibrio cholerae
b) Escherichia coli
c) Clostridium perfringens
d) Enterococcus faecalis
36 The responce of passive immunity is 1
A. Slow
B. Immediate
C. Hard
D. Gradual
37 If a person receive polio vaccination he would become immune aganist 1
A. Small pox
B. Polio
C. Mumps
D. Measles
38 Which of the following immunity is called first line of the defence? 1
A. Innate immunity
B. Acquired immunity
C. Active immunity
D. Passive immunity
39 Which of the following cells is involved in humoral immunity? 1
A. B- cells
B. T- cells
C. Mast cells
D. Both A and B
40 B cells and T cells are two types of cells involved in 1
A. Passive immunity
B. Active immunity
C. Acquired immunity
D. Innate immunity
41 The common disorders is caused by poor immune system include 1
A. Epidemic diseases
B. Deficiency diseases
C. Both A and B
D. None of these
42 Which of the following immunity is present from our birth? 1
A. Innate immunity
B. Passive immunity
C. Active immunity
D. Acquired immunity
43 Which of the following does not act as a protective barriers for the body surface? 1
A. Skin
B. Gastric acid
C. Mucus
D. Salivary amylase
44 Cells involved in innate immunity are 1
A. Phagocytes
B. Natural killers cell
C. Macrophages
D. All of the above
45 The branch of biology involved in the study of immune system in all organisms is called? 1
A. Botany
 B. Microorganisms
C. Immunology
D. Biotechnology
46 Asepsis refers to. 1
A. A method of cleaning laboratory equipement
B. The absence of pathogenic microorganism
C. The use of antiseptic agents on the skin
47 The primary goal og asepsis is to . 1
A. Prevent the spread of infection
B. Kill all microorganism in the environment
C. Eliminate all bacteria from the human body
48 Which of the following statement is true about asepsis? 1
A. Asepsis can only be achieved through the use of chemical agents
B. Aseptic teachnique is necessary during surgical procedure to prevent infection
C. Asepsis is refer to the use of antibiotic to treat bacterial infection
49 Aseptic teachnique important which of the following areas 1
A. Food preaparation
B. Surgiocal procedure
C. Labortary experiment
D. All of the above
50 Asepsis is important in healthcare setting to. 1
A. Prevent the transmission of infection to patient and healthcare worker
B. Eliminate all microorganism from the patient body
C. Reduce the cost of health care services
51 Which of the following statements is about medical asepsis is true? 1
A. It is only practiced in operating rooms
B. It is not necessary in outpatient settings
C. It focusing on reducing the number of microorganism present
52 Which of the following is in example of medical aseptic teachnique? 1
A. Wearing a mask during surgery
B. Sterilizing surgical instruments
C. Performing hand hygine before patient contact
53 Which of the following is in example of a surgical aseptic teachnique? 1
A. Washing hand with soap and water
B. Using an alchol –based hand sanitizer
C. Wearing gloves during patient care
54 Medical asepsis is essential for preventing . 1
A. Surgical site infection
B. Bloodbrone pathogen
C. Healthcare- associated infection
55 What is the purpose of surgical asepsis to prevent ? 1
A. The spread of infection by harmful germs
B. Prevent the spread of infection
C. Kill all microorganism in the body
56 What is the most effective way to help prevent the spread of infection? 1
A. Sterile technique
B. Medical asepsis
 C. Use of ultraviolet properties
D. Hand hygiene
57 Which of the following is not consider as portal entry of bacteria? 1
A. Eye
B. Nose
C. Mouth
D. Intact skin
58 Which of the following hand drying method may spread more Microorganism to hand and 1
surrounding in recent studies?
A. Paper towel
B. Dry cotton linen
C. Warm air dryer
D. All the above
59 Which of the following is not hospital aquired infection or nosocomial infection? 1
A. Ventilator associated pneumonia(V.A.P)
B. Hemophilia
C. Catheter related blood stream anemia or CAUTI
D. Catheter associated with urinary track infection or CARBSI
60 What should you do after taking a break, before returning to work, in order to help prevent the 1
spread of infection?
A. Wash your hand
B. Empty the skin
C. Change your cloth
D. Brush your hair
61 The plank pain and fever is the indication of nosocomial infection? 1
A. Urinary track infection
B. Blood stream infection
C. Pneumonia
D. Surgical site infection
62 In VAP (ventilator associated with pneumonia) patient what is the standard angle of degree to head 1
end of the bed should be elevated?
A. 30 to 45 degree
B. 40 to 50 degree
C. 60 to 90 degree
63 When diagnosis an infection with clostridium difficile which type of specimen is necessary? 1
A. Skin swab
B. Blood
C. Solid stool
D. Liquid stool
64 When using alcohol based hand rub, you should? 1
A. Apply the hand rub and wave hand until dry.
B. Apply sufficient quantity of hand rub and rub hand for least 15 second being sure to cover all the
areas ; front, back, between the fingers, nail bed and thumbs.
C. Apply hand rub and rub palm together for 15 second
D. Apply hand rub when you see infection control staff on the units
65 Most health-care associated infections are transmitted to patient? 1
A. On the hand of health- care worker
B. From dirty washroom
C. From hospital food
66 Development of infections occurs in a cycle that depend on the presence of all of the following except 1
of which one?
A. A causative agent, partial entry
B. Source of pathogen grow
C. Health care worker
D. A portal of exit, mode of transmission, susceptible host
67 The branch of biology, which involves the study of immune system in all organisms is called: 1
a) Immunology
b) Zoology
c) Microbiology
d) Biotechnology
68 Which of the following immunity is obtained during a lifetime: 1
a) Acquire immunity
b) Active immunity
c) Passive immunity
d) None of these
69 How many antibodies are there: 1
a) Four
b) Three
c) Two
d) Five
70 Which of the following cells is involved in cell-mediated immunity: 1
a) Mast cells
b) T-cells
c) Mass cells
d) Thrombocytes
71 Which of the following protects our body against disease-causing pathogens: 1
a) Immune system
b) Respiratory system
c) Digestive system
d) Muscular system
72 Hepatitis is an example of: 1
a) Subunit vaccine
b) Killer vaccine
c) Recombinant vaccine
d) Toxoids vaccine
73 Which of the following cell of immune system do not perform phagocytosis: 1
a) Basophil
b) Eosinophil
c) Macrophage
d) Neutrophil
74 Monocyte differentiate into…. 1
a) Basophil
 b) Eosinophil
c) Macrophage
d) Neutrophil
75 Interferons are: 1
a) Physical barriers
b) Cytokine barrier
c) Cellular barrier
d) Physiological barrier
76 Which of the following statement is true about the IgM of humans: 1
a) IgM can cross the placenta
b) IgM is primarily restricted in the circulation
c) IgM is produced by high-affinity plasma cells
d) IgM can protect the mucosal surface
77 Which is the most effective nursing action for controlling for the spread of infection? 1
A) .Through hand hygiene
B) .Wearing gloves and mask when providing direct client care.
C) .Implementing appreciate isolation precautions
D) .Administering broad spectrum prophylactic antibiotics
78 When caring for a single patient during one shift it is appropriate for the nurse to reuse only which of 1
the following personal protective equipment?
A). Goggles
b).Gown
C).surgical mask
D). clean gloves
79 Which isolation does the rule “you can maintain a distance of three feet without a mask” apply to? 1
A).Airborne
B). protective
C). standard
D).droplet
80 Patient infected with a pathogen transmitted by large partical droplet would be placed on which type 1
of isolation?
A).contact
B).standard
C).Air borne
D)protective
E)droplet
81 The out side of any personal protective equipment is considered to be 1
A)clean
B)Sterile
C) contaminated
D).A and b
82 Which type of isolation precautions is in use when a patient is asked to wear mask 1
A)Blood safety
B) Contact
C) droplets
D)standard
83 Select all the conditions that warned air born precautions 1
A) Hepatitis A
B)Nora virus
C) Measles
D) tuberculosis
E).All of the above
84 What type of precautions would be initiated? 1
A)Contact
B) standard
C)droplet
D)both A and B
85 When is it safe to be closer than 6-feet to another person who is not sick with COVID-19? 1
A)when a person is related to you
B).when you have already had COVID-19
C).when the person normally lives with you
D).when you are out door
86 Once you’re fully vaccinated you May not required to wear a mask in public places? 1
A).true
B).false
87 Once you’re fully vaccinated you May not required to wear a mask in public places? 1
A).true
B).false
88 A chemical agent applied to skin or living tissues to limit microbial growth. 1
a. Disinfectant
b. Antiseptic
c. Sterilant
d. None
89 Treatment of food handling equipment used to meet public health standards and minimize chances of 1
disease transmission is called
a. Sanitization
b. Sterilization
c. Disinfection
d. None
90 Presence of bacterial contamination is called 1
a. Sepsis
b. Infection
c. Dishygenic
d. None
91 An agent that inhibits the growth of bacteria is called: 1
a. Bacteriostatic agent
b. Bactericidal agent
c. Bacteriocytic agent
d. None of the above
92 An agent that kills bacterial endospores and fungal spores is called? 1
a. Sporicide
b. Bactericide
c. Fungicide
 d. None

93 Effective way to sterilize disposable items (papers, cups and dressings) and biological waste is called? 1
a. Bactericide
b. Fungicide
c. Incineration
d. None
94 How do microbes benefit humans? 1
a) By causing diseases
b) By providing nutrients
c) By harming the immune system
d) By increasing body temperature
95 What is the role of probiotics in the human digestive system? 1
a) They help break down carbohydrates
b) They produce vitamins
c) They kill harmful bacteria
d) They absorb water
96 Which of the following diseases is caused by a parasite? 1
a) Chickenpox
b) Measles
c) Malaria
d) Pneumonia
97 Which of the following best describes a nosocomial infection? 1
a) An infection acquired in the community
b) An infection acquired in a hospital
c) An infection caused by normal flora
d) An infection caused by antibiotics
98 Which of the following is a method to control the growth of microbes in food? 1
a) Storing food at room temperature
b) Keeping food uncovered
c) Adding preservatives
d) Handling food with unwashed hands
99 Which of the following is an example of a foodborne illness caused by bacteria? 1
a) Dengue fever
b) Salmonella poisoning
c) HIV/AIDS
d) Mumps
100 Which of the following is an acid-fast bacterium? 1
a) Staphylococcus aureus
b) Escherichia coli
c) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
d) Pseudomonas aeruginosa