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Sampling Methods Exercise Solution

The document outlines key concepts related to sampling methods and sample size estimation, including definitions of target population, study population, and sampling frame. It details various probability and non-probability sampling methods, as well as types of errors that can occur in sampling. Additionally, it provides formulas for calculating sample sizes for different scenarios and includes example calculations for determining required sample sizes.

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3 views2 pages

Sampling Methods Exercise Solution

The document outlines key concepts related to sampling methods and sample size estimation, including definitions of target population, study population, and sampling frame. It details various probability and non-probability sampling methods, as well as types of errors that can occur in sampling. Additionally, it provides formulas for calculating sample sizes for different scenarios and includes example calculations for determining required sample sizes.

Uploaded by

mestik955
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Lecture 9: Sampling Methods and Sample Size

Estimation

Part 1: Definitions

Target Population: The population about which an investigator wishes to draw a conclusion.

Study Population: The population from which the sample is actually drawn and about which a
conclusion can be made.

Sample: A subset of the study population selected for investigation.

Study Unit: The unit on which observations are collected (e.g., persons or households).

Sampling Frame: The list of units from which the sample is selected.

Census Sample: A study in which data is gathered from every member of the population.

Part 2: Types of Sampling Methods

Probability Sampling Methods:


- Random Sampling
- Systematic Sampling
- Stratified Sampling
- Cluster Sampling

Non-Probability Sampling Methods:


- Convenience Sampling
- Judgment Sampling
- Quota Sampling
- Snowball Sampling

Part 3: Errors

Sampling Error (Random Error): Random deviation from the true value. It can be minimized by
increasing the sample size.

Non-Sampling Error (Bias): Systematic deviation from the true value in the same direction. It can be
reduced by careful design of the sampling procedure.
Part 4: Sample Size Formulas

1) Qualitative Variable (One Proportion):


n = (Z^2 * p * (1 - p)) / e^2

2) Single Population Mean:


n = (Z^2 * σ^2) / E^2

3) Comparison of Two Proportions:


Uses Zα/2 and Zβ with expected difference between proportions.

4) Comparison of Two Means:


Uses Zα/2, Zβ, population variance (σ^2), and expected difference (d).

Part 5: Calculations

Exercise 1:
Given p = 0.42, Z = 1.96 (95% confidence), e = 0.05

n = (1.96^2 * 0.42 * 0.58) / (0.05^2)


n ≈ (3.8416 * 0.2436) / 0.0025
n ≈ 0.937 / 0.0025
n ≈ 375

Required sample size ≈ 375 participants.

Exercise 2:
Given Z = 1.96 (95% confidence), σ = 20, E = 5

n = (1.96^2 * 20^2) / (5^2)


n = (3.8416 * 400) / 25
n = 1536.64 / 25
n ≈ 61.47

Required sample size ≈ 62 children.

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