Chapter 5: Substances in the Surroundings – Their States and Properties
1. Simple Concept Summary
The Three States of Matter : Everything around us is in one of three forms or "states."
o Solid: Has its own shape, like a rock or a book. 🧱
o Liquid: Takes the shape of its container, like water or milk. 💧
o Gas: Spreads out to fill all the space it can, like the air we breathe.
Changing States with Heat 🔥: We can change a substance's state by adding or removing
heat.
o Melting: When a solid is heated and turns into a liquid (like ice melting into
water).
o Boiling: When a liquid is heated and turns into a gas (like water boiling into
steam).
o Condensation: When a gas cools down and turns back into a liquid (like steam
turning to water droplets on a cold lid).
o Freezing: When a liquid gets very cold and turns into a solid (like water freezing
into ice).
The Magic of Sublimation ✨: Some special solids, like camphor (kapoor), can skip the
liquid state! When heated, they turn directly into a gas. This is called sublimation.
How Hot? How Cold? : We use a thermometer to measure how hot or cold something
is. This is called its temperature, which we measure in degrees Celsius (°C). Water
freezes at 0°C and boils at 100°C.
Special Properties of Things: Different substances have different qualities, called
properties.
o Hardness: How much a substance resists being scratched or pierced. A diamond
is very hard.
o Elasticity: The ability to return to its original shape after being stretched or
squeezed, like a rubber band.
o Solubility: The ability to dissolve in a liquid. Sugar is soluble in water.
o Transparency: When you can see clearly through something, like glass.
Awesome Metals 🔩: Metals like iron, gold, and copper have special properties.
o Malleability: They can be hammered into thin sheets.
o Ductility: They can be pulled into wires.
o Conductivity: They let heat and electricity pass through them easily.
o Lustre: They are shiny!
2. Fill in the Blanks
1. The three states of matter are solid, liquid, and __________.
2. We use a __________ to measure temperature.
3. The change from a solid to a liquid is called __________.
4. Pure water boils at a temperature of __________ °C.
5. The change of a solid directly into a gas is called __________.
6. The ability of a substance to dissolve is called its __________.
7. A rubber band returns to its original shape because of its __________.
8. The property that allows metals to be hammered into thin sheets is called __________.
9. Metals are good __________ of heat and electricity.
10. If you can see through an object clearly, it has the property of __________.
Answer Key:
1. gas
2. thermometer
3. melting
4. 100
5. sublimation
6. solubility
7. elasticity
8. malleability
9. conductors
10. transparency
3. Match the Following
Column A (Property) Column B (Simple Meaning)
1. Ductility a. Can be hammered into a sheet
2. Malleability b. Bounces back to its original shape
3. Elasticity c. Can be pulled into a wire
4. Hardness d. Dissolves in a liquid
5. Solubility e. Resists being scratched
Answer Key:
1. c. Can be pulled into a wire
2. a. Can be hammered into a sheet
3. b. Bounces back to its original shape
4. e. Resists being scratched
5. d. Dissolves in a liquid
4. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
1. At what temperature does water freeze to become ice? A) 100°C B) 50°C C) 0°C D) -
10°C
2. When water vapour (steam) cools down, it turns into liquid water. This is called: A)
Boiling B) Melting C) Freezing D) Condensation
3. The ability of a metal to be drawn into a wire is called: A) Malleability B) Ductility C)
Sonority D) Lustre
4. Which of these is a transparent object? A) A wooden door B) A sheet of clean glass C) A
brick D) A steel plate
5. When camphor is heated, it turns directly into a gas. This is an example of: A) Melting B)
Boiling C) Condensation D) Sublimation
6. Which property makes a rubber band useful for stretching? A) Hardness B) Elasticity C)
Fluidity D) Solubility
7. Salt disappears when you mix it in water because it is: A) Insoluble B) Soluble C) Brittle
D) Hard
8. Which of these is a property of metals? A) They are not shiny B) They are poor
conductors of heat C. They can be hammered into sheets D) They break easily
9. What instrument is used to measure temperature? A) A ruler B) A weighing scale C) A
clock D) A thermometer
10. The state of matter that takes the shape of its container but has a definite volume is: A)
Solid B) Liquid C) Gas D) Powder
Answer Key:
1. C
2. D
3. B
4. B
5. D
6. B
7. B
8. C
9. D
10. B
5. One-Line Answer Questions
1. What are the three states of matter?
2. What is the process of a liquid changing into a solid called?
3. Why are cooking pan handles often made of plastic?
4. What is it called when a substance can be hammered into a thin sheet?
5. What happens to salt when you put it in water?
Answer Key:
1. The three states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas.
2. The process of a liquid changing into a solid is called freezing.
3. They are made of plastic because plastic is a poor conductor of heat (it doesn't get hot).
4. It is called malleability.
5. It dissolves in the water because it is soluble.