CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
3.0 Introduction
This Chapter presents a detailed discussion of various steps that was undertaken in
order to derive the desired objectives of the study. This chapter will cover these
areas:
Research Design
Population of the Study
Sample and Sampling Technique
Research Instrument
Validation of Instrument
Reliability of Instrument
Method of Data Collection
Method of Data Analysis
3.1 Research Design
The research design that will be adopted for this study was a descriptive
research which is done purposely to make sample selection of respondent from
whom the necessary data for this study would be obtained. Hence by this type of
design, generalization of the findings was done at the end of the study.
3.2 Population of the Study
Population refers to the aggregate elements from which the sample was
drawn. Population used in research was the entire group of items which the
researcher plans to generalize (Nwana, 1998). Population refers to the total
number of possible respondents from which the sample will be drawn from. The
Population of the study comprises of students from private secondary schools in
Ijebu Ode, Ogun state.
3.3 Sampling and Sampling Technique
Sample refers to a representative part of or subset of the population in
numerical terms from which data for analysis were collected. This research work
used a sample of 100 students rom five selected private secondary schools in Ijebu
Ode..
3.4 Research Instrument
The major instrument used for this research study was a well-structured
questionnaire. The questionnaire was divided into two sections, Section A
contained the bio-data of respondents such as age, sex, qualification, position at
work and years of experience while section B was structured using Likert four-
point scale and would be represented in the table column using its abbreviated
terms. The keys to the abbreviations and corresponding points are thus stated
below:
SA – Strongly Agreed
A – Agreed
D – Disagreed
SD – Strongly Disagreed
3.5 Validity of the Instrument
Validity of an instrument refers to the extent to which an instrument tests
that which it is expected to test. It is the ability of an instrument to measure what it
purports to measure. The instrument for this study which was the questionnaire
was validated by research experts and supervisors who examined the items and
made constructive criticism and suggestion for improvement.
3.6 Reliability of the Instrument
The reliability of the instrument was the ability of the instrument to generate
consistent result upon repeated administration of research instrument. The
reliability of the instrument was established using split-half method of testing the
reliability.
3.7 Method of Data Collection
The questionnaire was self-distributed to the respondents and collected by
the researcher after filling. The set of distributed questionnaire were intended to be
collected three (3) days after it had been administered. This was done to avoid
possible loss, abandonment, non-retrievable copy and delayed submission of the
instrument. Efforts shall be made to clarify any term misconstrued or not clear to
the respondent.
3.8 Method of Data Analysis
The collected copies of distributed questionnaire were analysed using non-
parametric statistical method of data analysis. Firstly, the personal data of
respondents were analyzed using simple percentage and secondly, the stated
reponse was analyzed using simple percentage. Thirdly, the stated hypotheses was
analyzed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation method of analysis. The
findings from this study will be tabulated. Tabulation is information set out in
tabular form. It is easy for the relationship between input and output value using
tabulation (Nworgu, 2006). The analysis of data was aided with the use of the
computer software, statistical package for social sciences (SPSS).