CH-4: TRIANGLES MATHEMATICS / CLASS - IX

4 TRIANGLES
4.1 INTRODUCTION
Every figure has a shape, size and a position. If we are given two figures then by simply looking at them
carefully, we can decide whether they are of the same shape or not. If two figures cover each other
exactly then clearly they are of the same shape and same size. Then these two figures are called congruent
figures. This method of comparing two figures is known as the method of superposition. In this chapter
we will study the basic criteria for congruency of special figures.

4.2 CONGRUENCE OF TWO FIGURES

Two geometrical figures in a plane are congruent if, without bending or twisting, we can superimpose one
figure on the other so that the two can be brought into coincidence.
(i) Two line segments are congruent if and only if they have the
same length. For example, if AB = CD, then AB and CD are A B
called congruent line segments. C D
(ii) Two angles are congruent if and only if they have the same angle measure. For example,
if BAC = DEF, then BAC and DEF are said to be congruent angles.

C F

A B E D

(iii) Two circles are congruent if and only if they have the same radius.

4.2.1 Congruence of Two Triangles :

Two triangles ABC and DEF are congruent if and only if all the sides and angles of one triangle are equal
to the corresponding sides and angles of the other. A D
We write ABC DEF
AB = DE, BC = EF, CA = FD,
A = D, B = E, C = F B C E F
Note: Corresponding Parts of Congruent Triangles are Equal [CPCT]
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CH-4: TRIANGLES MATHEMATICS / CLASS - IX

If two triangles are congruent then their corresponding parts are equal.

4.3 CRITERIA FORCONGRUENCE OF TRIANGLES

4.3.1 Side-Angle-Side (SAS) Rule for congruency of two triangles :

Statement : If two triangles have two sides and the included angle of the one triangle equal to the corresponding
sides and the included angle of the other triangle, then the triangles are congruent.
Given : ABC and DEF in which AB = DE, AC = DF and A = D
To Prove : ABC DEF
Proof : Place ABC over DEF such that A falls on D and AB falls along DE.
Since AB = DE, so B falls on E. A D
Since, A = D, so AC will fall along DF.
Also, AC = DF
 C will fall on F.
Thus, AC will coincide with DF. B C E F
And, therefore, BC will coincide with EF.
 ABC coincides with DEF.
Hence, ABC DEF

It is very important that the equal angles are included between the pair of equal sides. So, SAS
congruence rule holds but not ASS or SSA rule.

4.3.2 Angle-Side-Angle (ASA) Rule for congruency of two triangles :

Statement : Two triangles are congruent if any two angles and the included side of one triangle are equal to
the two angles and the included side of the other triangle.
Given : ABC and DEF
ABC = DEF, ACB = DFE and BC = EF
To Prove : ABC DEF
Proof : On comparing the sides AB and DE of ABC and DEF, there are three possibilities:
(i) AB = DE (ii) AB < DE and (iii) AB > DE A D
Case (i) : When AB = DE; then in ABC and DEF
AB = DE (Assumed)
ABC = DEF (Given)
B C E F
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CH-4: TRIANGLES MATHEMATICS / CLASS - IX

BC = EF (Given)
Hence, ABC DEF (By SAS criterian)
Case (ii) : When AB < DE, then we take point G on DE A D
G
such that AB = GE and join GF as shown in figure.
Now in ABC and DEF
AB = GE (Assumed)
BC = EF (Given) B C E F
ABC = GEF [ GEF = DEF]
 ABC GEF (By SAS Rule)
Hence, ACB = GFE .....(1)
But, ACB = DFE .....(2)
Therefore from (1) and (2), we have
DFE = GFE
which is impossible unless GF coincide with DF and hence G coincides with D.
 AB = DE
Hence, ABC DEF (By SAS rule)
Case (iii) : When AB > DE, then we take a point G on AB such that BG =DE and show as in case (ii) that
G must coincide with A.
i.e. AB = DE and hence, ABC DEF (SAS rule)
Since the sum of the three interior angles of a A D
triangle is 180°, therefore if two angles of one G
triangle are equal to the two angles of another
triangle, then the third angle of the first will
automatically be equal to the third angle of the
B C E F
second triangle.

4.3.3 Angle-Angle-Side (AAS) Congruence Rule :

Statement : Two triangles are congruent if any two pairs of angles and one pair of corresponding sides are
equal.
Given : In ABC and DEF,
A = D, B = E and BC = EF A D
To Prove : ABC DEF
Proof : The sum of three interior angles of a triangle is 180°,
then
A + B + C = 180° .....(1)
D + E + F = 180° .....(2)
B C E F
From (1) and (2)
A + B + C = D + E + F .....(3)
B = E
A = D (Given)
Hence, C = F ....(4) [By (3)]
Now, ABC and DEF
B = E (Given)
BC = EF (Given)
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C = F [By (4)]
Hence, ABC DEF (By ASA rule)
4.3.4 Side-Side-Side (SSS) Rule for congruency of two triangles :
Statement : Two triangles are congruent if the three sides of one triangle are equal to the three sides of the
other triangle.
Given : ABC and DEF in which AB = DE, BC = EF and AC = DF
To Prove : ABC DEF
Construction: Draw a line segment EG at the other side of ED with respect to EF such that EG = AB and
ABC = FEG then join GF and DG.
Proof : In ABC and GEF
AB = GE (By construction)
ABC = GEF (By construction)
A D
BC = EF
Hence by SAS, rule
ABC GEF
Hence the corresponding sides and angles
E F
B C
are equal
 A = EGF, AC = GF .....(1)
Now AB = EG (By construction)
AB = DE (Given) G
 GE = DE .....(2)
Similarly
AC = GF [From (1)]
and AC = DF (Given)
 GF = DF .....(3)
Now in EDG the opposite angle of equal sides EG and DE are equal
 EDG = EGD .....(4)
Similarly in FDG the opposite angle of equal sides GF and DF are equal
GDF = DGF .....(5)
Adding equation (4) and (5), we get
EDG + GDF = EGD + DGF
 EDF = EGF . .....(6)
From equation (1),
A = EGF .....(7)
Hence, from (6) and (7), we have
A = EDF .....(8)
In ABC and DEF
AB = DE (Given)
A = EDF [By (8)]

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AC = DF
By SAS rule, ABC DEF
4.3.5 Right-Angle-Hypotenuse-Side (RHS) Rule for congruency of two triangles:
Statement : Two right triangles are congruent if the hypotenuse and a side of one triangle are equal to hypotenuse
and a side of the other triangle respectively.
Given : Two right triangles ABC and DEF, in which B = E = 90°,
Hypotenuse AC = Hypotenuse DF and Side AB = Side DE
To Prove : ABC DEF
Construction : Produce FE to G such that GE = BC and A D

join G and D.
Proof : In DEF,
DEF = 90°
 DEG = 90° .....(1)
Now in ABC and DEG B C G E F

AB = DE (Given)
BC = GE (By construction)
ABC DEG = 90° [By(1)]
Therefore, by SAS rule, ABC DEG
Hence the corresponding sides and angles are equal
 AC = DG and C = G .....(2)
But given that AC = DF .....(3)
From (2) and (3)
DG = DF .....(4)
( Angles opposite to the equal sides DG and DF of DGF are equal)
Hence G = F .....(5)
Therefore, from (2) and (5)
C = F .....(6)
Now in ABC andDEF,
C = F [From (6)]
ABC DEF = 90° (Given)
and AB = DE
Hence by AAS rule, ABC DEF

If all the three angles of one triangle are equal to all the three angles of another triangle. Then the two
triangles need not to be congruent.

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A D

B C E F

Illustration 1
In fig. ACBD is a quadrilateral in which AC=AD and AB bisects A.
Show that ABC  ABD and BC = BD.
Solution: C
In ABC and ABD, =
AC = AD [Given]
1
AB = AB [Common] A B
2
1 = 2 [ AB is the bisector of A] =
Thus ABC  ABD [SAS rule of congruence]
Therefore, BC = BD [By CPCT] D

4.4 PROPERTIES OF ISOSCALES TRIANGLE

An isosceles triangle is a triangle whose two sides are equal.

Property chart of Isosceles Triangle :
A triangle ABC is an isosceles triangle if and only if
any one of the following conditions is satisfied :-

1. Sides
AB = AC
2. Angles

B = C

3. Altitude

Altitude AM bisects the side BC.

4. Altitude

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Altitude AM bisects BAC,

i.e. 1 = 2

5. Altitudes
Altitudes BR and CS of the triangle are
equal, i.e. BR = CS.

6. Median
Median AD is perpendicular to BC,
i.e. AD BC

7. Median
Median AD bisects the BAC.
i.e. 1 = 2

8. Medians
Medians BE and CF are equal, i.e.
BE = CF.

9. Bisector
Bisector AD of BAC bisects the side
BC, i.e. BD= CD

10. Bisector
Bisector AD of BAC is prependicular to the side BC i.e. AD BC

11. Bisectors
Bisectors of B and C are equal in length i.e. BE= CF

Theorem 4.1:
The angles opposite to equal sides of a triangle are equal.
Proof:
We are given an isosceles triangle ABC in which AB = AC.
A
We need to prove that B = C.
Let us draw the bisector of A and let D be the
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B C
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point of intersection of this bisector of A and BC

(see in figure)
In BAD and CAD
AB = AC [Given]
BAD = CAD [By construction]
AD = AD [Common]
So, BAD  CAD [By SAS rule]
So, ABD = ACD, since they are corresponding angles of congruent triangles.
So, B = C.
Theorem 4.2:
If two angles of a triangle are equal, then the sides opposite to them are also equal.
Theorem : The sides opposite to equal angles of a triangle are equal.
Given : ABC, in which B = C
To Prove : AB = AC
Construction : Draw AD, the bisector of angle BAC which meets BC at D. A
Proof : In ABD and ACD,
B = C (Given)
AD = AD (Common side)
BAD = CAD (By construction)
Therefore, ABD ACD (By AAS) B D C
Hence corresponding sides, AB = AC

Theorem 4.3 (Mid-Point Theorem ) :

In a triangle, the line segment joining the mid-points of any two sides is parallel to the third side and also
half of it. P
Given : In PQR, A and B are the mid-points of
PQ and PR respectively.. A B C

1
To Prove : AB || QR and AB = QR
2 Q R

Construction : Draw RC parallel to QA to meet produced AB at C.

Proof : (i) In ABP and CBR,
PBA = RBC (vertically opposite angles)
PAB = RCB (alternate angles and CR || PQ )
PB = BR (B is mid point of PR)
By AAS congruence property,
ABP  CBR
 PA = CR and AB = BC (corresponding parts of congruent triangles)
 AQ = CR ( PQ = 2AQ)

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In quadrilateral ACRQ, AQ = CR and AQ || CR

 ACRQ is a parallelogram.
 AC || QR

 AB || QR
(ii) AC = QR (opposite sides of parallelogram)
 QR = AB + BC
 QR = 2AB ( AB = BC)
1
 AB = QR
2

Illustration 2
Prove that each angle of an equilateral triangle is 60°.
Solution
Let ABC be an equilateral triangle.
As : AB = AC, B = C .....(i)
Also, as BA = BC, A = C .....(ii)
From (i) & (ii) : A = B = C .....(iii)
We know that :
A + B + C = 180º [Angle sum property of a triangle]
or 3A = 180º  A = 60º
Therefore, A = B = C = 60º

Illustration 3
Prove that any point on the bisector of an angle is equidistant from the arms of
the angle.
Solution D
A N
Given : Two straight lines AB and CD intersect
at O, P is a point on the bisector of
O P
BOD,
M
Construction: Draw MP  OB and NP  OD C B
In OMP and ONP,
MOP = NOP [ P lies on the bisector BOD]
OMP = ONP [each is 90º]
OP = OP [Common]
 OMP  ONP [by AAS congruence rule]
 MP = NP [by CPCT]

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Illustration 4
In fig. AD = BC and BD= CA, Prove that ADB = BCA and DAB = CBA
Solution A B
In triangles ABD & ABC,
E
We have :
AD = BC [given]
BD = CA [ given] D C
AB = AB [common]
So, by SSS congruence criterion, we have :
ABD  BAC
DAB = CBA [Since, corresponding parts of congruent triangles are equal]
ADB = BCA

4.5 SIDES AND ANGLES OF A TRIANGLE

Theorem 4.4 : A
Largest
If two sides of a triangle are unequal, the larger side has the
side
greater angle opposite to it. Greatest
The converse of the above property is also true. angle
Deduction : B C
1. In any triangle, the greater angle has the larger side opposite to it.
2. In any triangle, the largest side is opposite to the greatest angle.
3. Angles opposite to equal sides are equal and vice versa.
If A = B, then BC = CA
If BC = CA, then A = B.
4. If the angles are in increasing or decreasing order, sides opposite to them also will be in the same
order.
(i) If A > B > C, then BC > CA > AB.
(ii) If A < B < C, then BC < CA < AB.

Illustration 5
In ABC, AB = 10cm and BC = 8 cm. Find the range of values that CA can take.
Solution:
In a triangle, the sum of two sides is greater than the third side and the difference of two
sides is less than the the third side.
CA < AB + BC and CA > AB – BC
 CA < 18 cm and CA > 2 cm
 2 cm < CA > 18 cm.

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4.6 SUM AND DIFFRENCES OF TWO SIDES OF TRIANGLES

Theorem 4.5
The sum of two sides of a triangle is always greater than the third side.
Thus,
AB + AC > CB
AC + BC > AB
BC + AB > AC
Deduction:
The difference of two sides is always less than the third side.
AB > AC – BC and BC – AC
AC > AB – BC and BC – AB
BC > AC – AB and AB – AC

4.6.1 Perpendicular Line Segment is the Shortest :

Of all the line segments that can be drawn to a given line l from a point O outside the line l, the perpendicular
line segment is the shortest. That is : O
OP < OA, OB, OC, OD..... etc.
Proof: Suppose OP  l.
Let OC be any line other than OP.
l
In OPC, A B P C D
OPC = 90º > OCP
Therefore, OP < OC (The side opposite to greater angle is larger)

Illustration 6
In the figure given below, AB= AC . Is AB > BC ?
Solution:

As, AB = AC, B = C [Angles opposite to equal sides are equal]

Also, A + B + C = 180º [Sum of the angles of a triangle]

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 68° + C + C = 180° [Since B = C)

 2C = 180 – 68

112
 C   56
2
Now, as A = 68° > C = 56°
 BC > AB [Since, greater angle has the larger side opposite to it]
Thus, AB < BC.

4.7 CONCEPT OF SIMILARITY

Geometric figures having the same shape but different sizes are known as similar figures. Two congruent
figures are always similar but similar figures need not to be congruent.
 Examples
1. Any two line segments are similar. A B C D

2. Any two squares are similar.

3. Any two equilateral triangles are similar.

60°

60°
=
=

60° 60° 60° 60°

=

4. Any two circles are similar.

C1 C2
5. Two polygons are said to be similar to each other; if
(i) their corresponding angles are equal,
(ii) the lengths of their corresponding sides are proportional
If two polygons ABCDE and PQRST are similar, then

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D S
3 cm 4.5 cm
130° 4 cm 130° 6 cm

E 100° C T 100° R
90° 90°

3.2 cm 3 cm 4.8 cm 4.5 cm

120° 120°

A 4 cm B P 6 cm Q

A = P, B = Q, C = R, D = S, E = T

AB BC CD DE EA
and    
PQ QR RS ST TP
Thus, ABCDE ~ PQRST

Note:
“ ~ ” is the symbol used for “ is similar to ”.
If ABC is similar to PQR, we denote it as ABC ~ PQR.
The relation ‘is similar to’ satisfies the following properties.
(i) It is reflexive as every figure is similar to itself.
(ii) It is symmetric as, if A is similar to B, then B is also similar to A.
(iii) It is transitive as, if A is similar to B and B is similar to C, then A is similar to C.
 The relation ‘is similar to’ is an equivalence relation.
4.7.1 Similar Triangles :
Two triangles are said to be similar, if their D
(i) corresponding angles are equal and A
(ii) corresponding sides are proportional
ABC ~ DEF, if
A = D, B = E, C = F
B C E F
AB BC AC
and  
DE EF DF

4.7.2 Criteria for similarity of triangles : D

In two triangles, if either the corresponding angles are A
equal or the ratio of corresponding sides are
proportional, then the two triangles are similar to each
other.
B C E F
In ABC and DEF
1. If A = D, B = E and C = F, then ABC ~ DEF. This property is called A.A.A.

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criterion.
AB BC AC
2. If = = , then ABC ~ DEF. This property is called S.S.S. criterion.
DE EF DF

AB AC
3. If = and A = D, then ABC ~ DEF. This property is called S.A.S. criterion.
DE DF

4.7.3 Results on Areas of similar Triangles :

(a) The ratio of the areas of two similar triangles is equal to the ratio of the squares of any two
corresponding sides of the triangles.

A 70°

70°

50° 60° 50° 60°

B C E F

Area of ABC AB2 BC2 CA2

ABC ~ DEF  Area of DEF = = = .
DE2 EF2 FD2
(b) The ratio of the areas of two similar triangles is equal to the ratio of the squares of their
corresponding altitudes.
In the following figures, ABC ~ DEF and AX, DY are the altitudes.

Area of ABC AX 2
Then, =
Area of DEF DY 2
D

B C E Y F
X

(c) The ratio of the areas of two similar triangles is equal to the ratio of the squares on their
corresponding medians.
In the above given figures, ABC ~ PQR and AD and PS are medians.

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Area of ABC AD2

Then, =
Area of PQR PS2
P
A

B C Q R

=
D S

(d) The ratio of the areas of two similar triangles is equal to the ratio of the squares of their
corresponding angle bisector segments.
In the figure, ABC ~ DEF and AP, DQ are bisectors of A and D respectively, then

Area of ABC AP 2
= .
Area of DEF DQ 2
D

B P C E Q F

4.8 BASIC PROPORTIONALITY THEOREM

Theorem 4.6
In a triangle, if a line is drawn parallel to one side of the triangle, intersecting the other two sides in distinct
points then it divides the other two sides in the same ratio. A
Given: In ABC, DE is drawn parallel to BC . F
P
AD AE
To Prove: = D E
DB EC
Construction: Draw EP  AB and DF  AC . Join DC and BE.

1 B C
 AD  PE AD
Area of triangle ADE 2
Proof: = = .....(1)
Area of triangle BDE  BD
 BD  PE
2

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1
 AE  DF AE
Area of triangle ADE 2
and = = .....(2)
Area of triangle CDE  EC
 EC  DF
2
But areas of trianlges BDE and CDE are equal.
( Two triangles lying on the same base and between the same parallel lines are equal in areas.)
Therefore, from equations (1) and (2), we get
AD AE
 =
DB EC
AB AC AB AC
Similarly it can be proved that, = and = .
AD AE BD CE

4.9 CONVERSE OF BASIC PROPORTIONALITY THEOREM

Theorem 4.7
Statement : If a line divides any two sides of a triangle in the same ratio, A
then this line must be parallel to the third side.
Given : A triangle ABC and line l intersecting AB at D and
F
AD AE
AC at E such that  . D E l
DB EC
To Prove : DE || BC
B C
Proof : Let us suppose that DE is not parallel to BC.
Then, through D there must be some other line DF (let) parallel to BC.
Since DF || BC , by basic proportionality theorem, we get
AD AF
 .....(1)
DB FC
AD AE
But,  .....(2) (Given)
DB EC
From (1) and (2),

AF AE

FC EC
On adding 1 both sides,

AF AE
1  1
FC EC

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AF  FC AE  EC
 
FC EC

AC AC
 
FC EC
Hence, FC = EC
But this is impossible unless the points F and E coincide, i.e. DF and DE are coincident lines.
Hence, DE || BC.

Illustration 7

KP 4
In figure, PQ is parallel to MN. If  and KN = 20.4 cm. Find KQ.
PM 13
Solution:
In KMN, we have
PQ || MN

KP KQ
  [By proportionality Theorem]
PM QN
K

KP KQ P Q
 
PM KN  KQ
M N
4 KQ
 
13 20.4  KQ

 4(20.4 – KQ) = 13 KQ
 81.6 – 4KQ = 13 KQ
 17KQ = 81.6

81.6
KQ = = 4.8 cm
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Illustration 8 A
D and E are respectively the points on the sides
AB and AC of a ABC such that AB = 5.6 cm, D E
AD = 1.4 cm, AC = 7.2 cm and AE = 1.8 cm.
Show that DE || BC. B C
Solution:
We have
AB = 5.6 cm, AD = 1.4 cm, AC = 7.2 cm and AE = 1.8 cm
 BD = AB – AD
= (5.6 – 1.4) = 4.2 cm
and EC = AC – AE = (7.2 – 1.8) cm = 5.4 cm

AD 1.4 1 AE 1.8 1
Now,   and  
DB 4.2 3 EC 5.4 3

AD AE
 
DB EC
Thus, DE divides the sides AB and AC of ABC in the same ratio. Therefore, by the
converse of Basic Proportionality Theorem, we have
DE || BC

Illustration 9
Prove that the area of the equilateral triangle described on the side of a square
is half the area of the equilateral triangle described on its diagonal.
Solution
Given : A square ABCD. Equilateral triangles BCE and ACF have been described
on side BC and diagonal AC respectively.
1
To Prove : Area (BCE) = . Area (ACF)
2
Proof : Since BCE and ACF are equilateral. Therefore, they are equiangular ( each
angle being equal to 60º) and hence BCE ~ ACF.

Area (BCE ) BC2

 =
Area (ACF) AC2

Area (BCE ) BC 2 1
 = =
Area (ACF)  2BC 
2
2

Area (BCE ) 1
 = . Hence Proved.
Area (ACF) 2

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CH-4: TRIANGLES MATHEMATICS / CLASS - IX

SOLVED EXAMPLES

Example 1:
In a trapezium ABCD, AB ||DC and DC = 2AB. EF drawn parallel to AB cuts AD in F and BC
BE 3
in E such that  . Diagonal DB intersects EF at G. Prove that 7FE = 10AB.
EC 4
Solution:
In DFG and DAB,
1 = 2 [Corresponding s  AB ||FG]
FDG = ADB [Common] A B
 DFG ~ DAB [By AA rule of similarity] 2
F E
DF FG G
  … (i) 1
DA AB
Again in trapezium ABCD
EF ||AB ||DC D C

AF BE AF 3  BE 3 
     EC  4 (given )
DF EC DF 4  
AF 3 AF  DF 7
 1  1  
DF 4 DF 4
AD 7 DF 4
    … (ii)
DF 4 AD 7
FG 4 4
 i.e., FG = AB … (iii)
From (i) and (ii), we get
AB 7 7
In BEG and BCD, we have
BEG = BCD [Corresponding angle  EG || CD]
GBE = DBC [Common]
 BEG ~ BCD [By AA rule of similarity]
BE EG
 
BC CD
3 EG  BE 3 EC 4 EC  BE 4  3 BC 7 
   EG  7 i.e., BE  3  BE  3  BE  3 
7 CD  
3 3
 EG = CD  (2AB) [ CD  2AB (Given )]
7 7
6
 EG = AB ... (iv)
7
Adding (iii) and (iv), we get
4 6 10
FG + EG = AB  AB  AB
7 7 7

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CH-4: TRIANGLES MATHEMATICS / CLASS - IX

10
 EF = AB i.e., 7EF = 10AB. Hence proved.
7
Example 2:
In figure, AC > AB and D is a point on AC such that AB = AD. Prove that CD < BC.
Solution:
Therefore, In ABC
AB = AD
2 = 3
So exterior 1 > Interior opposite 3 (Exterior angle theorem)
 1 > 2 .....(i)
Also, exterior 2 > 4 .....(ii)
From equation (i) and (ii), we have
1 > 4 or 4 < 1
 CD < BC

Example 3:
In figure S is any point on the side QR of PQR. Prove that PQ + QR + RP > 2PS.
Solution:
In PQS,
PQ + QS > PS .....(i)
Since the sum of any two sides of a  is greater than the third side
In PRS, PR + RS > PS .....(ii)
Since, the sum of any two sides of a triangle is greater than the third side.
On adding (i) and (ii),
(PQ + QS) + (PR + RS) > 2PS
PQ + (QS + RS) + PR > 2PS
PQ + QR + RP > 2PS Hence proved.

Example 4:
In figure, AB = AC, D is the point in the interior of ABC such that DBC = DCB.
Prove that AD bisects BAC of ABC.
Solution:
In BDC, we have
DBC = DCB (Given)
DC = DB ...(i)
[Since, sides opposite to equal angles of DBC are equal]
Now, in ABD and ACD, we have
AB = AC (Given)
BD = CD (From (i))
AD = AD (Common side)
So, by SSS congruence criterion, we have

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CH-4: TRIANGLES MATHEMATICS / CLASS - IX

ABD ACD
 BAD = CAD. [By CPCT]
Hence, AD is the bisector of BAC.
Example 5:
Prove that the sum of three altitudes of a triangle is less than the sum of the three sides of the
triangle.
Solution:
In ABD, D = 90° and B is acute.
 D > B
 AB > AD .....(i) (Side opposite to greater angle is longer)
In ACD, D = 90° and C is acute,
 D > C
 AC > AD .... (ii) (Side opposite to greater angle is longer)
Adding (i) and (ii), we have
AB + AC > 2AD ....(iii)
Similarly, we can prove that,
BC + BA > 2BE ....(iv) (Since BE  AC)
and CA + CB > 2CF ....(v) (Since CF  AB)
Adding (iii), (iv) and (v), we get
 2(AB + BC + CA) > 2 (AD + BE + CF)
 AB + BC + CA > AD + BE + CF
 AD + BE + CF < AB + BC + CA

Example 6:
Area (ABD) AB
In ABC, if AD is the bisector of A, prove that  .
Area (ACD) AC
Solution:
In ABC, AD is the bisector of A.

AB BD
  .....(i) [By internal bisector theorem]
AC DC
From A draw AL  BC

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CH-4: TRIANGLES MATHEMATICS / CLASS - IX

1
BD · AL
Area (ABD) 2 BD AB
 = 1 =  [From (i)] Hence Proved.
Area (ACD) DC · AL DC AC
2

Example 7:
In a ABC, AC > AB. The bisector of A meets BC at E. Prove that CE > BE.
Solution :
Given : A ABC, in which AC > AB and AE bisects A
To Prove : CE > BE.
Construction : Take a point F on AC, such that AF = AB. Join BF and EF. Let BF intersect AE at O.
Proof : ABF is an isosceles (Since AB = AF, by construction)
AE bisects A (given)
 AE is the perpendicular bisector of BF, so any point on AE is equidistant from B and F.
In particular,

F
O

B E C

BE = FE ... (i)
So, in BEF,
EBF = EFB = , say (angles opposite equal sides)
So, BEO = 90° –  = FEO (= , say)
Thus AE also bisects BEF.
Now, because in a triangle, exterior angle is the sum of interior opposite angles, so
EFC =  +  and ext B =  + 
So, EFC = ext B. But B = 2 + C, so EFC = 2 + C.
Therefore EFC > C
So, CE > FE
Hence CE > BE (using (i)).

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CH-4: TRIANGLES MATHEMATICS / CLASS - IX

CONCEPT APPLICATION LEVEL - I

Q.1 ABCD is a quadrilateral in which AD = BC and DAB = CBA (see figure). Prove that:
A D

(i) ABD BAC

(ii) BD = AC
(iii) ABD = BAC B
Sol. Given : ABCD is a quadrilateral in which AD = BC
C
and DAB = CBA
To Prove : (i) ABD  BAC; (ii) BD = AC; (iii) ABD = BAC
(i) In ABD and BAC,
BD = BC (Given)
AB = BA (Common)
DAB = CBA (Given)
 ABD  BAC (SAS Rule)
(ii) ABD  BAC (Proved in (i))
 BD = AC (C.P.C.T )
(iii)  ABD  BAC (Proved in (i))
ABD = BAC (C.P.C.T)

B C
Q.2 AD and BC are equal perpendiculars to a line segment AB(see figure).
Show that CD bisects AB.
Sol. Given : AD and BC are equal perpendiculars to a line segment AB. O

To Prove: CD bisects AB.

D A
Proof: In OAD and OBC,
AD = BC (Given)
OAD = OBC (Each = 90°)
AOD = BOC (Vertically Opposite Angles )
 OAD  OBC ( AAS Rule)
  C.P.C.T.)

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CH-4: TRIANGLES MATHEMATICS / CLASS - IX

 CD bisects AB.

Q.3 In figure, AC = AE, AB = AD and BAD = EAC. Show that BC = DE E

A
Sol. Given : In Figure, AC = AE, AB = AD and BAD = EAC
To Prove : BC = DE.
Proof: In ABC and ADE,
AB = AD (Given) B D C
AC = AE (Given)
BAD = EAC (Given )
 BAD + DAC = DAC + EAC ( Adding DAC to both sides )
 BAC = DAE
 ABC  ADE (SAS Rule)
 BC = DE (C.P.C.T)

Q.4 AB is a line segment and P is its mid-point.D and E are points on the same side of AB such that
BAD = ABE and EPA = DPB (see figure). Show that E D
(i) DAP EBP
(ii) AD = BE
Sol. Given: AB is a line segment and P is its midpoint.
D and E are points on the same side of AB A P B
such that BAD = ABE and EPA = DPB
To Prove : (i) DAP EBP
(ii) AD = BE
Proof : (i) In DAP and EBP
AP = BP ( P is the mid point of the line segment AB)
DAP = EBP (Given)
EPA = DPB (Given)
 EPA + EPD = EPD + DPB ( Adding EPD to both sides)
 APD = BPE
  DAP EBP ( ASA Rule)
(ii)   DAP EBP (From (i) above)
 AD = BE (C.P.C.T)

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CH-4: TRIANGLES MATHEMATICS / CLASS - IX

Q.5 In right triangle ABC, right angled at C, M is the midpoint of hypotenuse AB. C is joined to M
and produced to a point D such that DM = CM. Point D is joined to point B (see figure).
Show that D A
(i)  AMC BMD (ii) DBC is a right angle

1
(iii)  DBC ACB (iv) CM = AB M
2

B C
Sol. Given : In right triangle ABC, right angled at C, M is the midpoint of hypotenuse AB.C is joined
to M and produced to a point D such that DM = CM. Point D is joined to point B.
To Prove: (i) AMC BMD (ii) DBC is a right angle

1
(iii) DBC ACB (iv) CM = AB.
2

Proof : (i) In AMC and BMD

AM = BM (  M is the midpoint of the hypotenuse AB)
CM = DM (Given)
AMC = BMD ( Vertically Opposite Angles )
 AMC BMD ( SAS Rule )
(ii)  AMC BMD (From (i) above)
 ACM = BDM (C.P.C.T.)
But these are alternate interior angles and they are equal
 AC || BD
Now AC || BD and a transversal BC intersects them
 DBC + ACB = 180°
( The sum of the consecutive interior angles on the same side of the transversal is 180°)
 DBC + 90° = 180°  ACB = 90° (given)]
 DBC = 180° – 90° = 90°
 DBC is a right angle.
(iii) In DBC and ACB,
DBC = ACB [Each 90° (Proved in (ii) above)]
BC = CB (Common)
 AMC BMD (Proved in (i) above)
 AC = BD (CPCT)
 DBC ACB (SAS Rule)

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CH-4: TRIANGLES MATHEMATICS / CLASS - IX

(iv)  DBC ACB ( Proved in (iii) above)

 DC = AB (CPCT)

1
 2 CM = AB ( DM = CM = DC)
2

1
 CM = AB.
2

Q.6 In an isosceles triangle ABC, with AB = AC, the bisecors of B and C intersect each other
at O. Join A to O. Show that A
(i) OB = OC (ii) AO bisects A
Sol. Given : AB = AC
To Prove : (i) OB = OC (ii) AO bisects A
Proof :(i) AB = AC
 B = C O
(Angles opposite to equal sides of a triangle are equal
1 1 B C
 B = C
2 2
 OBC =OCB
 BO and CO are the bisectors of B and C respectively
 OB = OC (Sides opposite to equal angles of a triangle are equal)
(ii) In OAB and OAC,
AB = AC (Given)
OB = OC (Proved in (i) above)
OA = OA (Common)
 B= C (Angles opposite to equal sides of a triangle are equal)
1 1
 B = C
2 2
 ABO = ACO (BO and CO are the bisectors of B and C respectively)
 OAB OAC (By SAS Rule)
 OAB = OAC (CPCT)
 AO bisects A
A
Q.7 ABC is a triangle in which altitudes BE and CF to sides AC and
AB are equal (see figure). Show that:
(i) ABE  ACF F E
(ii) AB = AC, i.e. ABC is an isosceles triangle.
Sol. Given : ABC is a triangle in which altitudes BE and CF to sides
B C
AC and AB are equal.

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CH-4: TRIANGLES MATHEMATICS / CLASS - IX

To Prove: (i) ABE  ACF

(ii) AB = AC, i.e. ABC is an isosceles triangle.
Proof : (i) In ABE and ACF,
BE = CF (Given)
BAE =CAF (Common)
AEB = AFC (Each = 90°)
 ABE ACF (By AAS Rule)
(ii) ABE  ACF (Proved in (i) above)
 AB = AC (C.P.C.T.)
 ABC is an isosceles triangle.
Q.8 ABC and DBC are two isosceles triangles on the same A

base BC (see figure). Show that ABD = ACD

Sol. Given : ABC and DBC are two isosceles triangles on the same base BC.
To Prove: ABD = ACD B C

Proof : ABC is an isosceles triangle on the base BC.

D
ABC = ACB .....(1)
 DBC is an isosceles triangle on the base BC
 DBC = DCB .....(2)
Adding the corresponding sides of (1) and (2), we get
ABC + DBC = ACB + DCB
 ABD = ACD
D
Q.9 ABC is an isosceles triangle in which AB = AC. Side
BA is produced to D such that AD = AB (see figure ).
A
Show that BCD is a right angle.
Sol. Given : ABC is an isosceles triangle in AB = AC.
Side BA is produced to D such that AD = AB B C
To Prove: BCD is a right angle.
Proof : ABC is an isosceles triangle
 ABC = ACB .....(1)
 AB = AC and AD = AB
 AC = AD
 In ACD,
CDA = ACD ( Angles opposite to equal sides of a triangle are equal)
 CDB = ACD .....(2)
Adding the corresponding sides of (1) and (2), we get

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CH-4: TRIANGLES MATHEMATICS / CLASS - IX

ABC + CDB = ACB + ACD

 ABC + CDB = BCD ......(3)
In BCD,
BCD + DBC +CDB = 180(  Sum of all the angles of a triangle is 180°)
 BCD +BCD = 180° [Using (3)]
2 BCD = 180°
 BCD = 90°
 BCD is a right angle.
Q.10 BE and CF are two equal altitudes of a triangle ABC. Using RHS congruence rule, prove that
the triangle ABC is isosceles. A
Sol. Given: BE and CF are two equal altitudes of a triangle ABC
To Prove: ABC is isosceles
Proof : In right BEC and right CFB, F E
Side BE = Side CF (Given)
Hyp. BC = Hyp. CB (Common)
BEC = CFB (each 90°) B C
 BEC CFB (by RHS rule)
 BCE = CBF (CPCT)
 AB = AC (sides opposite to equal angles in a triangle are equal)
Hence, ABC is an isosceles.

Q.11 ABC is an isosceles triangle with AB = AC. Draw AP  BC to show that B = C.
Sol. Given : ABC is an isosceles triangle with AB = AC A
To Prove: B = C
Constructon: Draw AP  BC
Proof : In right triangle APB and right triangle APC,
Hyp. AB = Hyp. AC ( Given)
Side AP = Side AP ( Common) B P C

APB = APC = 90°

 APB  APC ( RHS Rule)
 ABP = ACP ( C.P.C.T)
 B = C

B
Q.12 In figure, B < A and C < D. Show that AD < BC. D
Sol. In figure, B < A and C < D O
To Prove: AD < BC
A
Proof : B < A (Given)
28
C
CH-4: TRIANGLES MATHEMATICS / CLASS - IX

 A > B
 OB > OA .....(1) (Side opposite to greater angle is longer)
C < D (Given)
 D > C
 OC > OD .....(2) (Side opposite to greater angle is longer)
From (1) and (2), we get
OB + OC > OA + OD
 BC > AD
 AD < BC
D
Q.13 AB and CD are respectively the smallest and longest sides of a
quadrilateral ABCD (see figure).Show that A >C and B > D.
Sol. Given : AB and CD are respectively the smallest and longest sides A
of a quadrilateral ABCD
To Prove: A >C and B>D
Construction: Join AC B C

Proof: In ABC,
AB < BC (AB is the smallest side of quadrilateral ABCD) A

BC > AB
 BAC > BCA ..... (1) B C
( Angle opposite to longer side is greater)
In ACD,
CD > AD ( CD is the longest side of quadrilateral ABCD)
 CAD > ACD .....(2) (Angle opposite to longer side is greater )
From (1) and (2), we obtain
BAC + CAD > BCA +ACD
 A > C
Similarly, joining B to D, we can prove that B > D.
P

Q.14 In figure, PR > PQ and PS bisects QPR. Prove that PSR > PSQ.
Sol. Given: In figure, PR > PQ and PS bisects QPR,
To Prove: PSR > PSQ
Proof: In PQR,
PR > PQ ( given)
 PQR > PRQ .....(1) Q S R
(Angle opposite to longer side is greater)
 PS is the bisector of QPR
 QPS = RPS .....(2)

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CH-4: TRIANGLES MATHEMATICS / CLASS - IX

In PQS,
PQR + QPS + PSQ = 180° .....(3)
(The sum of three triangle angles of a triangle is 180°)
In PSR,
PRS + SPR + PSR = 180° .....(4)
From (3) and (4),
PQR + QPS + PSQ = PRS +SPR +PSR
 PQR + PSQ = PRS + PSR
 PRS + PSR = PQR + PSQ
 PRS + PSR > PRQ + PSQ [From (1)]
 PRQ + PSR > PRS + PSQ [PRQ = PRS ]
 PSR > PSQ

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CH-4: TRIANGLES MATHEMATICS / CLASS - IX

CONCEPT APPLICATION LEVEL - II

Q.1 In the given figure, mark the relation between AB and AD :

(A) AB = AD
A
(B) AB < AD
(C) AB >AD
(D) Data inadequate 1 2
B C D

Q.2 If a right triangle has sides of length 1 and 2 , which of the following could be the length of the
remaining side?

I. 1 II. 2 III. 3

(A) I only (B) II only (C) III only (D) I and III only

Q.3 In ABC, if  A < B <C , which of the following is true?

(A) AB >BC (B) AB < BC (C) AC >AB (D) BC >AC

Q.4 In the given figure, S and T are the mid points of

P
sides PR and PQ respectively of PQR. If
ar (PQR) = 48 cm2, Then the ar (TSQ) is :
(A) 48 cm2 T S
(B) 24 cm2
(C) 12 cm2
Q R
(D) 6 cm2

Q.5 In the given figure, x and y are : A

(A) x = 70°, y = 37° x
37°
(B) x = 37°, y = 70°
B C
(C) x = 50°, y = 57°
y 70°
(D) x = 57°, y = 50°
D

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CH-4: TRIANGLES MATHEMATICS / CLASS - IX

Q.6 In the given figure, PQ || BC, AB = 8cm, AC = 6.4cm, P Q

AQ = 12 cm. Then CP is :
12
(A) 15 cm
A
(B) 9.6 cm 8 6.4
(C) 9 cm
(D) None of these B C

Q.7 In ’s ABC and PQR, AB = PQ, BC = QR are extended to X and Y respectively and ABX = PQY.
under which congruency criterion, the triangles are congruent?
(A) SSS (B) SAA (C) SSA (D) SAS
A
Q.8 In the following figure, ABC is an equilateral triangle.
DE is parallel to BC and equal to half the length of BC.
If AD + EC + CB = 24 cm then what is the perimeter
D E
of ADE?
(A) 12 cm (B) 16 cm
(C) 18 cm (D) 20 cm
B C
Q.9 If the ratio of the interior angles of a triangle is 2 : 4 : 9 , then the difference between smallest and middle
exterior angles is :
(A) 20° (B) 44° (C) 50° (D) 60°

A
Q.10 In the given figure, ABD and ACD are congruent
triangles. BAC = 60° and BDC = 110°, then
ABD is : D
(A) 15° (B) 22°
(C) 35° (D) 25°
B C

Q.11 In a triangle ABC, AB = AC. Points D and E are on the sides BC and AC respectively such that
AD = AE. If BAD = 30°, then the measure of EDC is :
(A) 10° (B) 15° (C) 20° (D) 25°

Q.12 In a given figure in trapezium ABCD if AB || CD then value of x is :

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CH-4: TRIANGLES MATHEMATICS / CLASS - IX

A B
29 8
(A) (B) 2
8 29 2 x–
O
1 5 5
(C) 20 (D) 2 x+
20
D C
Q.13 ABC is a right angled triangle, where B = 90º. CD and AE are medians. If AE = x and CD = y,
then correct statement is :
A
(A) x2 + y2 = AC2
(B) x2 + y2 = 2AC2
x
D
3 y
(C) x2 + y2 = AC2
2
C
B E
5
(D) x2 + y2 = AC2
4

Q.14 All the three sides of a  ABC have lengths in integral units, with AB = 2001 units and BC = 1002 units.
The possible number of triangles with this condition is :
(A) 2001 (B) 2002 (C) 2003 (D) 2004

Q.15 Let m be the number of distinct (non congruent) integer-sided triangles each with perimeter 15 and n be
the number of distinct (non congruent) integer sided triangles each with perimeter 16. Then m – n equals
(A) –2 (B) 0 (C) 2 (D) –4

Q.16 In the given figure. CD || AE and CY || BA. Then ar(BCZY) =

C D

B X Z
Y

A E

(A) ar(ZDC) (B) ar(CBY) (C) ar(EDZ) (D) All of these

Q.17 ABCD is a trapezium in which AB || CD. Then AC2 + BD2 is equal to

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CH-4: TRIANGLES MATHEMATICS / CLASS - IX

D C

A M L B

(A) AD2 + BC2 – [Link] (B) AD2 + BC2 + [Link]

(C) AD2 – BC2 + [Link] (D) AD2 – BC2 – [Link]

Q.18 Choose the range of values that, side BC can have

3 6

B C
x

(A) x  real number (B) x  [3, 6] (C) x  6 (D) 3 < x < 9

Q.19 In ABC, AB = 5 cm, BC = 6 cm and CA = 7 cm. Identify the relation between the angles
(A) B > A > C (B) A > B > C (C) B > C > A (D) C > A > B

Q.20 In the given figure, if AB = CF, EF = BD and AFE = DBC. Then, AFE and CBD are congruent
by which of the following criterion?

B
A F C

(A) SAS (B) SSS (C) ASA (D) None of these

Q.21 It is given that ABC =

~ FDE and AB = 5 cm, B = 40° and A = 80°. Then, which of the following
is definitely true?
(A) DF = 5 cm, F = 60° (B) DF = 5 cm,E = 60°
(C) DE = 5 cm, E = 60° (D) DE = 5 cm, D = 60°
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CH-4: TRIANGLES MATHEMATICS / CLASS - IX

CONCEPT APPLICATION LEVEL - III

SECTION - A
• Multiple choice questions with one correct answer
Q.1 If X is a point on the line AB and Y, Z are points outside such that AXY = 45° and YXZ = 60° ,
then BXZ is equal to
(A) 120° (B) 75° (C) 150° (D) 105°

Q.2 In the figure given below A

(A) BC < CA < CD
(B) BC > CA > CD
(C) BC = CA > CD 65° 65° 30°
(D) BC>CA=CD B C D

Q.3 In the figure, BA  AC and DE  EF such that BA = DE and BF = DC. A

Then triangle ABC is congruent to EDF by
(A) SSS C
B D
(B) RHS F
(C) ASA
E
(D) AAS

Q.4 In triangle ABC, AC = CD and CAB – ABC = 30°. Then BAD is

(A) 30°
(B) 20°
(C) 15°
(D) 10°

Q.5 In ABC, what is sum of the angles a + b + c + d + e + f + g + h + i ? A

(A) 360º
a
(B) 540º
(C) 600º d
e
(D) Cannot be determined g
h
i f c
B C
Q.6 In ABC, AD is perpendicular to BC and also BAD < CAD which
of the following is true?
(A) AC > AB
(B) AB = AC
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CH-4: TRIANGLES MATHEMATICS / CLASS - IX

(C) AB > AC
(D) AB AC

Q.7 In the figure given below

(A) BC < AC < CD
(B) BC < AC > CD
(C) BC > AC < CD
(D) BC >AC > CD

Q.8 In the given figure OBC and OKH are straight lines. If AH = AK,
b = 80º and c = 30º then the value of d is
(A) 20º
(B) 25º
(C) 30º
(D) 45º

Q.9 In the figure B C = 55° and D = 25°. Then

A
(A) BC < CA < CD
(B) BC > CA > CD
(C) BC < CA, CA > CD
(D) BC > CA, CA < CD B C D

Q.10 ABC  RPQ. If AB = 5 cm, BC = 4 cm, CA = 6 cm

(A) PQ = 5 cm, QR = 4cm (B) PQ = 4 cm, QR = 6cm
(C) PQ = 5 cm, QR = 3cm (D) PQ = 4 cm, QR = 5cm

Q.11 In the figure, AB = BC = CD = DE = EF = FG = GA, then find DAE (approximately)

(A) 24º (B) 25º (C) 26º (D) None of these

Q.12 In the right-angled triangle QPR given below, PS is the altitude to the
hypotenuse. The figure is followed by three possible inferences.
I. Triangle PQS and Triangle RPS are similar.
II. Triangle PSQ and Triangle RSP are congruent.
III. Triangle PSQ and triangle RPQ are similar.
Mark the correct option
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CH-4: TRIANGLES MATHEMATICS / CLASS - IX

(A) I and II are correct (B) I and III are correct

(C) only II is correct (D) All three are correct

Q.13 Let X be any point on the side BC of a triangle ABC. If XM, XN are A

drawn parallel to BA and CA meeting CA, BA in M,N respectively ;

MN meets CB produced in T. Then M
(A) TB2 = TX × TC N
(B) TC2 = TB × TX
(C) TX2 = TB × TC T C
B X
(D) TX2 = 2(TB × TC)

Q.14 A square ABCD is constructed inside a triangle PQR having sides 10,
17 and 21 as shown in figure. Find the perimeter of the square ABCD.
(A) 28
(B) 23.2
(C) 25.4
(D) 28.8

SECTION - B
• Multiple choice questions with one or more than one correct answers
Q.1 In figure, AC > AB and D is a point on AC such that AB = AD. Then which of the following is/are
correct?

(A) 4 > 5 (B) 2 > 5 (C) 1 > 4 (D) 1 > 3

Q.2 Which of the following statements relating to triangles ABC and DEF is/are correct
(A) If AB = DE, BC = EF and the areas of the two triangles are equal, then they are congruent.
(B) If ABC = DEF = 90°, AB = DE, AC = DF then the triangles are congruent.
(C) If ABC = DEF, ACB = DFE and the areas of the triangles are equal, then they are congruent.
(D) If ABC = DEF, ACB = DFE and BAC = EDF, then the triangles are congruent.

Q.3 In figure AD = AE, D and E are points on BC such that BD = EC. Then which of the following is correct.

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CH-4: TRIANGLES MATHEMATICS / CLASS - IX

B D E C

(A) AB = AD (B) CD = BE (C) ADE = AED (D) AB = AC

Q.4 In figure, AD = BC and BD = CA. Then which of the following is true

(A) ADB = BCA (B) ADB BCA (C) AD = AC (D) DAB=CBA

Q.5 AD is the bisector of A of ABC, where D lies on BC. Then

(A) AB > BD (B) ADB < BAD (C) ADC > DAC (D) AC > CD

Q.6 Which of the following statements is/are true?

(A) Any two similar figures are congruent.
(B) Any two congruent figures are similar.
(C) Two polygons are similar, if their corresponding sides are proportional.
(D) Two triangles are similar if their corresponding sides are proportional.

Q.7 Any two squares are always

(A) Congruent (B) Similar
(C) their angles are equal to 90° (D) Their sides are always equal

Q.8 In figure, if DE || BC, If AD = x, DB = x–2, AE = x +2 and EC = x –1, then the value of x

C
E

A
D B

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CH-4: TRIANGLES MATHEMATICS / CLASS - IX

(A) 1 (B) 4 (C) 3 (D) 2

Q.9 If ABC ~ PQR, then which of the following is/are true

AB BC CA
(A) A = P, B = Q, C = R (B)  
PQ QR RP

AB BC CA
(C) A = Q, B = Q, C = R (D)  
QR PQ RP
Q.10 ABC is an isosceles triangle with AB = AC, BE and CF are two medians of the triangle then which of the
following is/are true?

1
(A) BE = CF (B) AB = AC (C) ABE ACF (D) AE = AC
2

SECTION - C
• Comprehension
ABC is a right triangle, right angled at C and M is the midpoint of the hypotonuse
AB. C is joined to M and produced to a point D such that DM = CM. The point
D is joined to point B. Then answer the following questions.

Q.1 Which of the following is correct.

(A) ACM  BMD (B) BDC  ACM (C) AMC  BMD (D) ABC  CBD

Q.2 Which of the following statements is not true?

(A) Area of ABC is twice area of DBC (B) Area of BMD is equal to area of BMC
(C) Area of AMC is equal to area of BMC (D) Area of ABC is equal to area of DBC

Q.3 DBC is a right angled triangle, why?

(A) because area of AMC is equal to area of DBM
(B) because DBC = CBM
(C) because AC || DB
(D) because DMB = AMC

SECTION - D
• Assertion & Reason
Instructions: In the following questions as Assertion (A) is given followed by a Reason (R). Mark your
responses from the following options.
(A) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of ‘Assertion’.

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CH-4: TRIANGLES MATHEMATICS / CLASS - IX

(B) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is not the correct explanation of ‘Assertion’.
(C) Assertion is true but Reason is false.
(D) Assertion is false but Reason is true.
Q.1 Assertion: Difference of any two sides of a triangle is less than the third side.
Reason: Sum of any two sides of a triangle is greater than the third side.

Q.2 Assertion: In a right triangle, the hypotenuse is the largest side

Reason: If two angles of a triangle are unequal the greater angle has the larger side opposite to it.

Q.3 Assertion: If each angle of a triangle is equal to 60°, then the triangle is equilateral.
Reason: An equilateral triangle has all its angles equal.

SECTION - E
• Match the following (one to one)
Column-I and column-II contains four entries each. Entries of column-I are to be matched with some
entries of column-II. Only one entry of column-I may have the matching with the one entry of column-II
and one entry of column-II may have only one matching with one entry of column-I
Direction :Match congruence condition for AOC and BOD given in column I with column II.

Q.1 Column I Column II

C

(A) O (AC  AB; BD  AB) (P) ASA

A B

(B) (l || m) (Q) SAS

(C) (R) AAS

(D) (OA = OB; BD and AC are medians) (S) RHS

Q.2 Column I Column II

(A) If PR > PQ, 1 = 2, then (P) PR > SR

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CH-4: TRIANGLES MATHEMATICS / CLASS - IX

(B) If 1 = 2, then (Q) PR > PQ

(C) If PQ > PR, then (R) PSR > PSQ

(D) If Q = 90°, then (S) PQ > PS

SECTION - F
• Match the following (one to many)
Column-I and column-II contains four entries each. Entries of column-I are to be matched with some
entries of column-II. One or more than one entries of column-I may have the matching with the some
entries of column-II and one entry of column-II may have one or more than one matching with entries of
column-I
Q.1 Column I Column II

(A) (P) AB = AC

Given: DO = CO; AO = BO, then

(B) (Q) C = D

Given: AD = AE; BAD =CAE, then

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CH-4: TRIANGLES MATHEMATICS / CLASS - IX

(C) (R) AD = BC

Given: BCD = ADC; ACB = BDA, then

A
E D
(D) (S) B = C
B C

Given: BD = CE; BDC = CEB = 90°, then

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CH-4: TRIANGLES MATHEMATICS / CLASS - IX

ANSWER KEY

CONCEPT APPLICATION LEVEL - II

Q.1 C Q.2 D Q.3 A Q.4 C Q.5 B Q.6 D Q.7 D

Q.8 C Q.9 D Q.10 D Q.11 B Q.12 C Q.13 D Q.14 C
Q.15 C Q.16 C Q.17 B Q.18 D Q.19 A Q.20 A Q.21 B

CONCEPT APPLICATION LEVEL - III

SECTION - A

Q.1 B Q.2 A Q.3 B Q.4 C Q.5 B Q.6 A Q.7 A

Q.8 B Q.9 D Q.10 B Q.11 C Q.12 B Q.13 C Q.14 B

SECTION - B

Q.1 BCD Q.2 BC Q.3 BCD Q.4 ABD Q.5 ACD Q.6 BCD Q.7 BC
Q.8 B Q.9 AB Q.10 ABCD

SECTION - C

Q.1 C Q.2 A Q.3 C

SECTION - D

Q.1 A Q.2 A Q.3 A

SECTION - E

Q.1 (A)-(R), (B)-(P), (C)-(S), (D)-(Q)

Q.2 (A)-(R)-(B)-(P), (C)-(S), (D)-(Q)

SECTION - F

Q.1 (A)-(Q,R), (B)-(P,S), (C)-(Q,R), (D)-(P,S)

43