Scribd
Upload
2 views3 pages

Paging Segmentation Notes

The document provides comprehensive notes on paging and segmentation as memory management techniques. Paging divides the logical address space into fixed-size pages and requires hardware support for address translation, while segmentation divides memory into variable-sized segments. Both techniques have their advantages and disadvantages regarding fragmentation, protection, and sharing.

Uploaded by

sid219567
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2 views3 pages

Paging Segmentation Notes

The document provides comprehensive notes on paging and segmentation as memory management techniques. Paging divides the logical address space into fixed-size pages and requires hardware support for address translation, while segmentation divides memory into variable-sized segments. Both techniques have their advantages and disadvantages regarding fragmentation, protection, and sharing.

Uploaded by

sid219567
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Paging and Segmentation - Complete Notes

(Engineering Exam)

1. Paging: Principle of Operation

Paging is a memory management technique in which the logical address space of a process is
divided into fixed-size blocks called pages and physical memory is divided into frames of the same
size.

Each page is mapped to a frame using a page table maintained by the operating system.
Logical Address (CPU) → Page Number + Offset

Page Table:
Page No → Frame No

Physical Address:
Frame No + Offset

2. Page Allocation

Page allocation refers to assigning frames in physical memory to pages of a process.

Types:

1. Fixed Allocation: Each process gets fixed number of frames.

2. Variable Allocation: Frames vary depending on process needs.

3. Local Allocation: Process uses its own frames.

4. Global Allocation: Process can use frames of other processes.

3. Hardware Support for Paging

Paging requires hardware support for efficient address translation.

Main components:

• Page Table Register (PTR)

• Translation Lookaside Buffer (TLB)

• Memory Management Unit (MMU)


CPU → MMU → TLB → Page Table → Physical Memory

4. Protection and Sharing


Protection is achieved using bits in page table entries:

• Read/Write bit

• Valid/Invalid bit

• Execute bit

Sharing is possible by mapping multiple processes to the same frame.

Example: Shared libraries.

5. Advantages of Paging

• No external fragmentation

• Efficient memory utilization

• Supports virtual memory

Disadvantages of Paging

• Internal fragmentation

• Page table overhead

• Slower access due to address translation

6. Segmentation: Principle of Operation

Segmentation divides memory into variable-sized segments such as code, data, and stack.

Each segment has a base and limit.


Logical Address → Segment No + Offset

Segment Table:
Segment No → Base + Limit

7. Protection and Sharing in Segmentation

Each segment has protection bits.

Segments can be shared between processes easily.

8. Advantages of Segmentation
• Logical division of program

• Supports protection and sharing

• No internal fragmentation

Disadvantages of Segmentation

• External fragmentation

• Complex memory management

You might also like