SRM Institute of Science and Technology

College of Engineering and Technology

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

Academic Year: 2025-2026 (EVEN)

Test: LLT1 – Case Study Date: 04.05.2026

Course Code & Title: 21ECC202T Analog and Linear Electronic Circuits
Year / Sem / Program: II /IV /[Link] ECE with specialization in Data Science Max. Marks: 30

Course Articulation Matrix:

PROGRAM
21ECC202T- Analog and Linear PROGRAM OUTCOMES (PO) SPECIFIC
Electronic Circuits OUTCOMES
COURSE LEARNING
[Link] OUTCOMES 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 2 3

Apply the small signal equivalent circuit in

1 the analysis of single and multistage 2 2 - 3
transistor amplifier circuits - 3 - - - - - -
- -
Infer
2 the DC and AC characteristics of
operational amplifier 2 2 3 -
- - - - - - - -- 3
Classify and identify the suitable feedback -
3 topologies and oscillators as per application 2 2 3 -
- - - - - - - - - 3
Elucidate and design linear and non-linear
4 2 2 3 - - - - - - - - - - 3
applications of op-amp
Illustrate the function of application specific
5 ICs 2 2 3 - 3
- - - - - - - -
-

Part-A (6 x 5 = 30 Marks)
Q. No Answer All Questions Marks BL CO PO
1. A hobbyist wants to dim an LED using a pulse-width modulation
(PWM) signal. They decide to use a 555 Timer in Astable mode to 5 3 4 3
generate a continuous square wave. The brightness of the LED will
depend on the "Duty Cycle" (the ratio of ON time to total time).
(a) The user needs a frequency of 1 KHz and a duty cycle of 75%.
Assuming a timing capacitor C of 0.1 µF, calculate the required
values for the resistors RA and RB
(b) What happens to the LED brightness, if the resistance RB is
increased while keeping RA and C as constant?
(c) Why is the astable multivibrator called as a “free running”
oscillator?
2. A factory uses a sensor to detect a box on a conveyor belt. When a
5 3 4 3
box is detected, a mechanical arm must push it into a container. This
arm requires a single pulse of exactly to 2 seconds complete its
 motion. An engineer uses a 555 Timer in Monostable mode for this
task.
(a) If the engineer usus 10 µF capacitor, what resistor value ® is
needed to generate the 2 second pulse?
(b) Describe the role of the “Trigger” pin (pin 2) in this specific
application?
(c) Why is the 555 timer is often preferred over an op-amp based
multivibrator for high current loads like small motors or
mechanical relays?
An audio engineer is designing a "Bass Boost" filter for a home
3. 5 3 4 3
speaker system. The goal is to pass low-frequency base signals
while attenuating high-frequency "hiss" noise above 1 KHz. The
filter must have a passband gain of 10 (20 dB) to boost the base
signal.
(a) Calculate the value of the capacitor (C) required if a resistor (R)
of 10 KΩ is used for the cutoff frequency of 1 KHz.
(b) Design the gain stage by finding the feedback resistors (Rf and
R1) needed for a non – inverting gain of 10.
A designer is creating a small AC-to-DC adapter. The input is 12V
4. 5 3 5 3
AC (RMS) from a step-down transformer. To get a smooth DC
output, they use a Full-Wave Bridge Rectifier followed by a filter
capacitor.
(a) Calculate the Peak Inverse voltage (PIV) that each diode must
withstand.
(b) Determine the peak DC output voltage (Vpeak_out) across the load
, accounting for a 0.7V drop across each diode.

5 (i) In older analog television systems, the "DC level" of a video signal 2.5 2 5 2
represents the brightness. If the DC component is lost during AC
coupling, the screen goes dark. A Clamper (DC Restorer) is used to
"push" the signal back to a specific reference.
(a) If a 10V Peak-to-Peak sine wave (swinging from+5V to -5V) is
passed through a Positive Clamper, what is the new range of the
output signal?
(b) What is the primary purpose of the capacitor in a clamper circuit
compared to a clipper?

5. (ii) A sensitive microcontroller input can only handle voltages 2.5 2 5 2

 between 0V and 5V. However, the sensor it reads sometimes sends
"spikes" of up to ± 10V. An engineer uses a Bi-directional
Clipper (or Limiter) to protect the pin.
(a) How should two diodes and a DC reference voltage be arranged
to clip any signal exceeding 5V? (Assume ideal diodes for
simplicity).
(b) If the input is a 10V Peak-to-Peak Sine Wave centered at 0V,
what will the output waveform look like?

6 A communication engineer is designing an FM receiver. The 5 2 5 3

incoming intermediate frequency (IF) signal is frequency-modulated
at 10.7 MHz They used a NE565 PLL IC to recover the original
audio signal. The internal Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) must
be tuned to match the center frequency (10.7 MHz) for the loop to
lock.

(a) The free running frequency of the NE565 is

If they used a timing capacitor (Ct) of 10Pf, calculate the required
timing resistor (Rt) to set the VCO to 10.7 MHz
(b) If the lock range (ft) is ±200 kHz around the center frequency,
what happens to the audio output if the FM signal drifts to
11MHz.
(c) Explain where the "Demodulated Audio" is extracted from the
PLL circuit.

Course Outcome (CO) and Bloom’s level (BL) Coverage in Questions

CO Coverage (%)
BL Cove rage (%)

16
25
14
12 20
10
15
8
6 10
4
5
2
0 0
CO 1 CO 2 CO 3 CO 4 CO 5 BL-1 BL-2 BL-3 BL-4

Signature of the question paper setter Signature of the Course Coordinator

Signature of the Academic Advisor

 SRM Institute of Science and Technology
(Deemed to be University u/s 3 of UGC Act, 1956)
College of Engineering and Technology
School of Electrical and Electronics
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

Evaluation Sheet
Test: LLT1 – Case Study Date: 04.05.2026
Course Code & Title: 21ECC202T Analog and Linear Electronic Circuits
Year & Sem: II/ IV Register No.:
Part- A (6 x 5= 30 Marks)
Q. No CO PO Maximum Marks Marks Obtained Total

1 4 3 5
2 4 3 5
3 4 3 5
4 5 3 5
5 (i) 5 2 2.5
5 (ii) 5 2 2.5
6 5 3 5

CO Maximum Marks
Marks Obtained
4 15
5 15
Total 30

Signature of the Course Teacher