Triangles
[Link] Terms Descriptions
1 Congruence Two Geometric figure are said to be congruence if
they are exactly same size and shape
Symbol used is
Two angles are congruent if they are equal
Two circle are congruent if they have equal radii
Two squares are congruent if the sides are equal
2 Triangle Congruence • Two triangles are congruent if three sides
and three angles of one triangle is
congruent to the corresponding sides and
angles of the other
A D
B C E F
• Corresponding sides are equal
AB=DE , BC=EF ,AC=DF
• Corresponding angles are equal
• We write this as
• The above six equalities are between the
corresponding parts of the two congruent
triangles. In short form this is called
C.P.C.T
• We should keep the letters in correct order
on both sides
3 Inequalities in 1) In a triangle angle opposite to longer side is
Triangles larger
2) In a triangle side opposite to larger angle is
larger
3) The sum of any two sides of the triangle is
greater than the third side
In triangle ABC
AB +BC > AC
Different Criterion for Congruence of the triangles
N Criterion Description Figures and
expression
1 Side angle • Two triangles are congruent if the
Side (SAS) two sides and included angles of A
congruence one triangle is equal to the two
sides and included angle C
B
• It is an axiom as it cannot be
D
proved so it is an accepted truth
E F
• ASS and SSA type two triangles If following
may not be congruent always condition
AB=DE, BC=EF
Then
2 Angle side • Two triangles are congruent if the
angle (ASA) two angles and included side of A
congruence one triangle is equal to the
corresponding angles and side C
B
• It is a theorem and can be proved
D
E F
If following
condition
BC=EF
Then
3 Angle angle • Two triangles are congruent if the
A
side( AAS) any two pair of angles and any
congruence side of one triangle is equal to the
B C
corresponding angles and side
• It is a theorem and can be proved D
E F
If following
condition
BC=EF
Then
4 Side-Side-Side • Two triangles are congruent if the
(SSS) three sides of one triangle is equal A
congruence to the three sides of the another
B C
F
E
If following
condition
BC=EF,AB=DE,DF
=AC
Then
5 Right angle – • Two right triangles are congruent if A D
hypotenuse- the hypotenuse and a side of the
side(RHS) one triangle are equal to
congruence corresponding hypotenuse and side
of the another B F
C E
If following
condition
AC=DF,BC=EF
Then
Some Important points on Triangles
Terms Description
Orthocenter Point of intersection of the three altitude
of the triangle
Equilateral triangle whose all sides are equal and all
angles are equal to 600
Median A line Segment joining the corner of the
triangle to the midpoint of the opposite
side of the triangle
Altitude A line Segment from the corner of the
triangle and perpendicular to the
opposite side of the triangle
Isosceles A triangle whose two sides are equal
Centroid Point of intersection of the three median
of the triangle is called the centroid of
the triangle
In center All the angle bisector of the triangle
passes through same point
Circumcenter The perpendicular bisector of the sides
of the triangles passes through same
point
Scalene triangle Triangle having no equal angles and no
equal sides
Right Triangle Right triangle has one angle equal to 900
Obtuse Triangle One angle is obtuse angle while other
two are acute angles
Acute Triangle All the angles are acute