NumPy (Numerical Python) is a powerful Python library used for numerical computing
and working with arrays and matrices efficiently
A library for handling large,
multi-dimensional arrays Provides fast mathematical operations
Used in Data Science, Machine Learning, AI
Faster than normal Python lists
✔ Uses less memory
✔ Supports vectorized operations (no need for loops)
NumPy
🔹 Array Manipulation
Changing the shape or structure of arrays using functions like reshape.
Helps organize data efficiently for computation.
import numpy as np
a = [Link]([[1,2],[3,4]])
print([Link](4))
Output:
[1 2 3 4]
🔹 Numeric Ranges
Creates arrays with a sequence of numbers using functions like arange().
Useful for generating data automatically.
import numpy as np
print([Link](1,6))
Output:
[1 2 3 4 5]
🔹 Slicing
Extracts a portion of an array using index range.
Helps access specific elements quickly.
import numpy as np
a = [Link]([10,20,30,40])
print(a[1:3])
Output:
[20 30]
🔹 Indexing
Accesses individual elements using position index.
Index starts from 0.
import numpy as np
a = [Link]([5,10,15])
print(a[2])
Output:
15
🔹 Searching
Finds elements matching a condition using functions like where().
Returns index positions.
import numpy as np
a = [Link]([1,2,3,2])
print([Link](a==2))
Output:
(array([1, 3]),)
🔹 Sorting
Arranges elements in ascending order using sort().
Helps organize data.
import numpy as np
a = [Link]([3,1,2])
print([Link](a))
Output:
[1 2 3]
🔹 Splitting
Divides an array into multiple parts using array_split().
Useful for processing chunks of data.
import numpy as np
a = [Link]([1,2,3,4])
print(np.array_split(a,2))
Output:
[array([1, 2]), array([3, 4])]
🔷 Pandas
🔹 Data Analysis
Process of inspecting and organizing data.
Pandas simplifies analysis using tables.
import pandas as pd
df = [Link]({'A':[1,2], 'B':[3,4]})
print(df)
Output:
A B
0 1 3
1 2 4
🔹 DataFrame
A 2D labeled table with rows and columns.
Used to store structured data.
import pandas as pd
df = [Link]({'Name':['A','B'], 'Age':[20,21]})
print(df)
Output:
Name Age
0 A 20
1 B 21
🔹 Data Selection
Selecting specific columns or rows from data.
Done using column names or indexing.
print(df['Name'])
Output:
0 A
1 B
Name: Name, dtype: object
🔹 GroupBy
Groups data based on a column.
Used for aggregation like sum or mean.
import pandas as pd
df = [Link]({'Dept':['IT','IT','CSE'],'Marks':[80,90,85]})
print([Link]('Dept').sum())
Output:
Marks
Dept
CSE 85
IT 170
🔹 Series
A 1D labeled array in Pandas.
Acts like a single column.
import pandas as pd
s = [Link]([10,20,30])
print(s)
Output:
0 10
1 20
2 30
dtype: int64
🔹 Sorting
Arranges data in order using sort_values().
Helps organize datasets.
import pandas as pd
df = [Link]({'Marks':[80,90,70]})
print(df.sort_values('Marks'))
Output:
Marks
2 70
0 80
1 90
🔹 Searching
Finds rows based on conditions.
Uses filtering.
import pandas as pd
df = [Link]({'Marks':[80,90,70]})
print(df[df['Marks']>80])
Output:
Marks
1 90
🔹 Statistics
Performs operations like mean, sum, etc.
Useful for analysis.
import pandas as pd
df = [Link]({'Marks':[80,90,70]})
print(df['Marks'].mean())
Output:
80.0
🔷 Dask
🔹 Dask (Pandas Wrapper)
Used for handling large datasets efficiently.
Works like Pandas but supports parallel computing.
import pandas as pd
import [Link] as dd
pdf = [Link]({'A':[1,2,3]})
df = dd.from_pandas(pdf, npartitions=1)
print([Link]())
Output:
A
0 1
1 2
2 3
🔷 Matplotlib
🔹 Data Visualization
Represents data graphically.
Helps understand patterns easily.
import [Link] as plt
[Link]([1,2,3],[4,5,6])
[Link]()
Line Plot
Displays data using a continuous line.
Used to show trends.
[Link]([1,2,3],[2,4,6])
[Link]()
🔹 Style Properties
Used to customize graph appearance.
Includes color, title, labels.
[Link]([1,2,3],[2,4,6], color='red')
[Link]("Graph")
[Link]()
Multi-line Plot
Displays multiple lines in one graph.
Used for comparison.
[Link]([1,2,3],[2,4,6])
[Link]([1,2,3],[1,3,5])
[Link]()
Scatter Plot
Displays data as points.
Shows relationship between variables.
[Link]([1,2,3],[4,5,6])
[Link]()
🔷 SciPy (Scientific Python)
SciPy is a Python library used for scientific and technical computing.
It provides functions for optimization, integration, statistics, and linear algebra.
Example Program
rom scipy import stats
data = [1,2,3,4,5]
print([Link](data))
DescribeResult(nobs=np.int64(5), minmax=(np.int64(1), np.int64(5)),
mean=np.float64(3.0), variance=np.float64(2.5), skewness=np.float64(0.0),
kurtosis=np.float64(-1.3))