Tutorials for

ENGINEERING
ELECTROMAGNETICS
(BE04009021)

B.E. Semester 4 (Electrical)

Directorate of Technical Education,

Gandhinagar, Gujarat
 Government Engineering College, Valsad (019)

Certificate
This is to certify that Mr./Ms. ___________________________________
________ Enrollment No. _______________ of B.E. Semester _ IV_Electrical
Engineering of this Institute (GTU Code: 019) has satisfactorily completed the
Assignment work for the subject Engineering Electromagnetics
(BE04009021) for the academic year 202 -2 .

Place: __________
Date: __________

Name and Sign of Head of the Department

Faculty member
 Index
(Progressive Assessment Sheet)

Sr. No. Objective(s) of Tutorial Page Date of Date of Marks Sign. of Remarks
No. issue submiss Teacher
ion with date
1 Vector Analysis 1

2 Coulomb’s law and electric field intensity 2

3 Electric flux density, Gauss’ law and 3

divergence
4 Energy and potential 4

5 Conductors and dielectrics 5

6 Poisson’s and Laplace’s equations 6

7 The steady magnetic field 7

8 Magnetic forces, materials and inductance 8

9 Time varying fields and Maxwell’s equations 9

10 Modern applications: Wireless Power Transfer 10

(Inductive Coupling) and Magnetic Data Storage.
Total
Course Outcomes (COs):

Sr. CO statement
No.
CO-1 Apply vector calculus to analyze electric and potential fields generated by various
charge distributions.
CO-2 Compute electric potential, electric field intensity, electric flux density, and capacitance
using analytical methods including Poisson’s and Laplace’s equations.
CO-3 Evaluate magnetic field parameters, forces, and torques for different conductor
configurations, and relate them to material properties and inductance.
CO-4 Analyze time-varying Engineering Electromagnetics, Maxwell’s equations, and
transmission line behavior for effective circuit and system design.
CO-5 Comprehend various modern applications of Electromagnetics.

Course Outcomes (COs) Matrix:

Tutorial
CO1 CO2 CO3 CO4 CO5
1. √
2. √
3. √
4. √
5. √
6. √
7. √
8. √
9. √
10. √
 1. VECTOR ANALYSIS

[1] For U = Uxax + 5ay – 1az, V = 2ax – Vyay + 3az and W = 6ax + 1ay +Wzaz, find Ux, Vy
and Wz if U, V and W are mutually perpendicular [Ans: Ux = -1.568, Vy = 1.227, Wz =
4.409]
[2] Let E = 3ay + 4az and F = 4ax -10ay + 5az (a) Find the component of E along F (b)
Determine a unit vector perpendicular to the plane of vectors A and B perpendicular
[Ans: (a) -0.2836ax + 0.7092ay – 0.3546az, (b) ± (0.9398ax + 0.2734ay – 0.205az]
[3] A triangle is defined by three points A(2,-5,1), B (-3,2,4) and C(0,3,1). Find (a) RBC ×
RBA and (b) the area of triangle ABC [Ans: (a) -24ax -6ay -26az (b) 17.94 units]
[4] Given vectors A = 4ax – 6ay – 4az, B = -1ax + 2ay – 3az, (a) Find A∙B and angle between
A and B (b) A×B and unit vector perpendicular to the plane of vectors A and B. (c)
Vector component of A along and perpendicular to B and check for perpendicularity
[Ans: (a) -4, φ = -97.440 (b) 26ax + 16ay + 2az , ± (0.85ax + 0.523ay + 0.065az) (c)
Parallel component = 0.285ax – 0.571ay + 0.857az, Perpendicular component = 3.714ax
– 5.429ay - 4.857az ]
[5] Given point P(-2,6,3) and vector A = yax + (x+z) ay evaluate A at P in Cartesian,
Cylindrical and Spherical co-ordinate systems [Ans: Cartesian = 6ax + ay, Cylindrical
= -0.948aρ – 6aφ, Spherical = -0.856ar -0.405aθ -6aφ ]
[6] If A = 3ar + 2aɵ - 6aΦ and B = 4ar + 3aΦ determine (a) A∙B (b)|𝐴 × 𝐵| (c) the
component of A along az at (1, π/3, 5π/4) [ Ans: (a) -6 (b) 34.48 (c) -0.116ar + 0.201aθ]
[7] A closed surface is defined in spherical co-ordinates by 3 < r < 5, 0.1π < θ < 0.3π, 1.2π
< Φ < 1.6π (a) Find the volume enclosed (b) Find the distance from P1 ( r = 3, θ = 0.1π,
Φ = 1.2π) to P2 (r = 5, θ = 0.3π, Φ = 1.6π) (c) Find the area over the surface 3 < r < 5,
1.2π < Φ < 1.6π, θ = 0.1π [ Ans: (a) 14.94 (b) 3.862 (c) 3.106 ]
 2. COULOMB’S LAW AND ELECTRIC FIELD INTENSITY

[1] Point charges of 5 nC and -2 nC are located at (2,0,4) and (-3,0,5) respectively. (a)
Determine the force on a 1 nC point charge located at (1,-3,7). (b) Find electric field E at
(1,-3,7) [Ans: (a) F = -1.004ax – 1.284ay + 1.4az nN (b) E = -1.004ax – 1.284ay + 1.4az
V/m ]

[2] Find the magnitude and direction of electric field intensity at (6,8,-3) in free space, if
uniform line charge 5×10-9 C/m lies along (a) y-axis (b) the line x = 9, y = 4 [ Ans: (a)
E= 13.416 V/m , aE = 0.89ax – 0.447az (b) E = 18 V/m, aE = -0.6ax + 0.8ay ]

[3] Planes x = 2 and y = -3 respectively carry charge densities of 10 nC/m2 and 15 nC/m2. If
the line x = 0, z = 2 carries charge of 10π nC/m, calculate E at (1,1,-1) due to all the three
charge distributions [Ans: -162π ax + 270π ay - 54π az ]

[4] Determine the total charge (a) On line 0 < x <5, if ρL = 12x2 mC/m (b) On cylinder ρ = 3,
0 < z < 4 if ρs = ρz2 nC/m2 (c) Within the sphere r = 4m, if ρv = 10/rsinθ C/m2 [Ans: (a)
0.5C (b) 1.206 µC (c) 1579.13C ]

[5] A uniform line charge density of 20 nC/m lies on the z-axis between z = 1 and z = 3m.
Find E at (a) the origin (b) P(4,0,0) [ Ans: (a) -120az V/m (b) 16.11ax- 7.656az ]
 3. ELECTRIC FLUX DENSITY, GAUSS’ LAW AND DIVERGENCE

[1] A point charge of 6 μC is located at the origin, a uniform line charge of 180 nC/m, lies
along the x-axis and a uniform sheet charge of 25 nC/m2 lies along the z = 0 plane. (a) Find
D at P(1,2,4). (b) Calculate the total electric flux leaving the surface of a sphere of 4m
radius centred at the origin [ Ans: (a) 4.96ax + 12.78ay + 38.07az nC/m2 (b) 8696.63 nC ]

[2] A uniform line charge of ρL C/m lies along the x-axis. The electric flux density at (-
3,6,8) is 3 nC/m (a) Find ρL (b) Determine D at (0,0,4) [ Ans: (a) 188.5 nC/m (b) 7.5az
2

nC/m2 ]

[3] Three co-axial cylindrical sheets of charge are present in free space; ρS = 5C/m2 ar r = 2m,
ρS = -2C/m2 at r = 4m and ρS = -3C/m2 at r = 5m. Find the displacement flux density D at
(a) r = 1m (b) r = 3m (c) r = 4.5m and (d) r = 6m [ Ans: (a) 0 (b) 3.33 C/m2 (c) 4/9 C/m2
(d) -13/6 C/m2 ]

[4] Three spherical surfaces r = 1,2 and 3m carry surface charge densities of 20, -9 and 2 nC/m2
respectively. (a) How much electric flux leaves the surface r = 5m? (b) Find D at P(1,-2,2)
[ Ans: (a) 25.132 nC (b) -2.667 nC/m2]

[5] If D = (2y2 + z)ax + 4xyay + xaz C/m2 find (a) the volume charge density at
(-1,0,3) (b) the flux through the cube defined by 0 ≤ x,y,z ≤ 1 [Ans:
(a) -4C/m3 (b) 2C ]

[6] Given that D = ρzcos2Φ az C/m2, calculate the charge density at (1,π/4,3) and the total
charge enclosed by the cylinder of radius 1m with -2 ≤ z ≤ 2 using both the sides of the
divergence theorem [ Ans: 4π/3 C]
 4. ENERGY AND POTENTIAL

[1] If E = 2xax – 4yay V/m, find the work done in moving a point charge of +2C (a) from (2,0,0)
to (0,0,0) to (0,2,0) (b) from (2,0,0) to (0,2,0) along the straight line path joining the two
points [ (a) 24 J (b) 24 J ]
[2] An electric field is expressed in Cartesian co-ordinates by E = 6x2ax + 6yay + 4az V/m. Find
VMN if points M and N are specified by M(2,6,-1) and N(-3,-3,2) (b) VM if V = 0 at Q(4,-
2,-35) (c) VN if V = 2 at P(1,2,-4) [Ans: (a) -139 V (b) -120 V (c) 19 V ]
[3] Given the potential field V = 10/r2sinθcosΦ (a) Find flux density D at (2,π/2,0) (b) Calculate
the work done in moving a 10μC charge from point A(1,300,1200) to (4,900,600) [ Ans: (a)
22.1ar pC/m2 (b) 28.125 µJ ]
[4] A charge of 40 nC is uniformly distributed around a circular ring of radius 2m. Find the
potential at a point on the axis 5m from the plane of the ring. Compare the result where all
the charge is at the origin in the form of a point charge. [ Ans: 66.9 V, 72V ]
[5] Each co-ordinate axis carries a uniform charge density of 20 nC/m in free space. Given
points A(1,2,3) and B(6,8,10) find VAB due (a) ρL on x-axis only (b) ρL on y-axis only (c)
ρL on z-axis only (d) due to all the three line charges [Ans: (a) 456 V (b) 469 V (c) 538 V
(d) 1463 V ]
[6] Let V = 2(x+1)2(y+2)2(z+3)2 V in free space. At P(2,-1,4) find (a) V (b) E (c) |E| (d) D (e)
ρV (f) aN [ Ans: (a) 882 V, (b) -588ax -1764ay – 252az (c) 1876.41 V/m (d) -5.2ax -15.62ay
- 2.23az nC/m2 (e) -17.67 nC/m2 (f) 0.313ax + 0.94ay + 0.1343az ]
 5. CONDUCTORS AND DIELECTRICS

[1] The vector current density is given as J = 4/r2cosθar + 20e-2rsinθaθ - rsinθcosΦaΦ (a) Find
J at r =3, θ = 0, Φ = π (b) Find the total current passing through the spherical cap r = 3,
0 < θ < 200, 0 < Φ < 2π [ Ans: (a) 0.444ar (b) 1.47A ]
[2] Current density is given in cylindrical co-ordinates as J = -106z1.5az in the region 0
≤ ρ ≤ 20 μm. For ρ > 20 μm, J = 0. (a) Find the total current
crossing the surface z = 0.1m in the az direction. (b) If the charge velocity is
2 × 106 m/s at z = 0.1m find ρv (c) If the volume charge density at z = 0.15m is -
2000C/m3 find the magnitude of charge velocity. [ Ans: (a) -39.738 µA (b) -15.811
mC/m3 (c) 29.047 m/s ]
[3] If V = 150 x4/3 volts for x > 0, with ε = ε0 and velocity of charge vx = 6×106 x2/3 m/s, find
E, D, ρv and J as a function of x [ Ans: -200x1/3ax, -1.7708 x1/3ax nC/m2, -0.5902x-2/3
nC/m3, 3.54 mA/m2]
 6. POISSON’S AND LAPLACE’S EQUATIONS

[1] Determine whether or not , the following potential fields satisfy Laplace’s equation: (a)
V= x2-y2 + z2 (b) V = ρcosφ + z (c) V = rcosθ + φ [ Ans: (a) No (b) Yes (c) Yes]

[2] Semi-infinite conducting planes at φ = 0 and φ = π/6 are separated by small insulating
gap. If V(φ = 0) = 0 and V(φ= π/6 ) = 100V, calculate V and E in the region between the
plates [Ans : V = 600φ/π and E = -600/πρ aφ ]

[3] Solve Laplace’s equation for the potential field in the homogenous region between the
two concentric spheres with radii ‘a’ and ‘b’, such that b>a if potential V = 0 at r = b and
V = V0 at r = a. Also find the capacitance between the two spheres.

[4] Two conducting cones (θ = π/10 and θ = π/6) of infinite extent are separated by a small
gap. If V(θ = π/10) = 0 and V(θ = π/6) = 50V, find V and E between the cones [Ans: V=
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃/2 95.1
95.1ln[ 0.1584 ], E=- aθ ]
𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
 7. THE STEADY MAGNETIC FIELD

[1] Find the incremental magnetic field strength at P1 due to current element of 2π az μA m at
P1. The co-ordinates of P1 and P2 are (4,0,0) and (0,3,0) respectively [Ans: -12ax – 16ay
nA/m]

[2] Find the magnetic field intensity at the centre placed at the origin of a square of sides
equal to 5m and carrying 10A of current [Ans: 1.8az A/m]

[3] An H due to a current source is given by H = ycos(2x)ax + (y + ex)az. Find the current
density at the origin [Ans: J = ax – ay - az A/m2]

[4] Given the vector magnetic potential A = -ρ2/4 az Wb/m, calculate the total magnetic flux
crossing the surface φ =π/2 , 1 ≤ ρ ≤ 2m, 0 ≤ z ≤ 5m [Ans : 3.75 Wb ]

[5] Evaluate both the sides of the Stoke’s theorem for the field H = 6xy ax – 3y2 ay A/m in
the rectangular path around the region 2 ≤ x ≤ 5, -1≤ y ≤ 2, z = 0. Assume the direction
of dS to be +az [Ans: -126 A]
 8. MAGNETIC FORCES, MATERIALS AND INDUCTANCE

[1] A negative point charge , Q = -40 nC is moving with a velocity of 6 × 106 m/s in a
direction specified by the unit vector av = -0.48ax – 0.6ay + 0.64az. Find the magnitude
of vector force exerted on the moving particle by the field: (a) B = 2ax – 3ay + 5az mT
(b) E =2ax – 3ay + 5az kV/m (c) Both B and E acting together [Ans: (a) 1117.44 μN
(b) 246.58 μN (c) 1316.59 μN]

[2] A loop of wire is constructed using three straight segments connecting (0,0,0) to
(0.6,0,0) to (0.4,1,0.7) to (0,0,0). A current of 8 mA is in the ax direction in the first
segment. Given a uniform magnetic field B = 0.2ax – 0.1ay + 0.2az T, find (a) total
force on the loop (b) the total torque on the loop about an origin at (0,0,0) [Ans: (a) 0
(b) -0.096ax + 0.48ay + 0.336az ( mN-m)]

[3] A rectangular loop carrying current I2 is placed parallel to an infinitely long

filamentary wire carrying current I1 as shown in figure. Show that the force
𝜇𝐼1 𝐼2 1 1
experienced by the loop is given by F = - [ − ] aρ N
2𝜋 𝜌0 𝜌0+𝑎
 9. TIME VARYING FIELDS AND MAXWELL’S EQUATIONS

[1] Given E = 10sin(ωt – βz)ay V/m in free space. Determine D, B and H [Ans: D =
10ε0sin(ωt – βz)ay C/m2, B = -(10β/ω) sin(ωt – βz)ax T, H = -(10β/ωμ0) sin(ωt – βz)ax
A/m

[2] What values of A and β are required for the two fields
E = 120π cos(106πt – βx)ay V/m, H = Acos(106πt – βx)az A/m, so that they satisfy
Maxwell’s in a medium where εr = 4 and σ = 0 [Ans: A=2, β = 0.021]

[3] The loop shown in figure is inside a uniform magnetic field B = 50ax mWb/m2. If the
side DC of the loop cuts the flux lines at a frequency of 50 Hz and the loop lies in the
yz-plane at time t = 0, find (a) the induced emf at t = 1ms (b) the induced current at t =
3 ms [Ans: (a) V = 5.825 mV (b) I = 0.1525A]

[4] A parallel plate capacitor with plate area of 5 cm2 and plate separation of 3mm has a
voltage of 50 sin 103t V applied to its plates. Calculate the displacement current
assuming ε = 2ε0 [Ans: Id = 147.4cos103t nA]
10. Modern applications: Wireless Power Transfer (Inductive Coupling) and Magnetic
Data Storage.

Example 1: Wireless Power Transfer (Inductive Coupling) Modern smartphones and EVs use
inductive charging based on Faraday’s Law and Mutual Inductance.
Problem: A wireless charging pad acts as a primary coil. A secondary coil in a smartphone has
an area of 25 cm2 and 50 turns. If the magnetic flux density B passing through the phone's coil
changes from 0.1 T to 0.5 T in 0.02 seconds, calculate the induced electromotive force (EMF)
that charges the battery.

Ans: Vemf = 2.5 V

Example 2: Magnetic Data Storage (Hard Disk Drives) Hard drives store data by magnetizing
tiny regions of a disk. This relies on the relationship between magnetic field intensity H and
material properties.
Problem: A modern magnetic storage medium has a relative permeability = 4000. To "write" a
bit of data (flipping the magnetic orientation), a magnetic flux density B of 1.2 T is required.
Calculate the magnetic field intensity H that the recording head must generate at the surface.

Ans: H = 238.73 A/m