Science department
Year 3
Notes
Term 3(unit5)
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Science department
Year 3
Unit 5: forces and magnets
5.1 Forces and force meter
5.2 Gravity
5.3 Friction
5.4 Amazing magnets
5.5 Magnetic materials
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Science department
Year 3
What makes things moves?
Things can not move on their own .You have to use force
to move them.
A force is a push or pull that makes an
object move
What is a force?
A force is an external effect on an object
that makes it move or changes its direction.
We learned that there are two types of
force: push and pull
A push moves abject away from you
A pull moves it towards you.
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Science department
Year 3
What things can forces do to
objects?
1- make it move
2- stop it.
3- speed up or slow down
4- change shape
5- change direction
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Year 3
Our understanding of forces
was different in the past.
John philoponus Ibn sina Isaac Newton
Philoponus Ibn Sina worked Newton found
wrote that out that forces out that forces
objects move can make can make
because making objects move objects speed
them move up, slow down
gives them a or change
force direction.
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Science department
Year 3
Isaac Newton
One day, Newton was sitting under
an apple tree. An apple fell on him.
If it were you, you might just eat the
apple.
But newton started thinking:
Why did it fall? what made it fall?
He concluded that there must be
something pulling it down, so he
discovered gravity
What is the meaning of gravity?
Gravity is a type of force that pulls objects
toward the earth.
All objects have mass and weight.
- Mass: is the amount of matter in an object, and it is
measured in grams (g) and kilogram (kg).
The equipment used to measure mass is: a two-pan
balance or digital balance.
Digital balance Two-pan balance
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Year 3
- Weight: is the force of the Earth’s
attraction on an object, and it is measured
in newtons (N).
The equipment used to measure weight is a
force meters.
Force meters
-Standard units and force meters
A force meter is a piece of equipment we use to measure
the strength of a force.
- Standard units are useful for
measuring:
1- Metres(m) and centimetres (cm) are
standard units of length.
2- Minutes (min) and seconds (s) are
standard units of time. Force meters
- Standard units are useful because
everyone in the world who uses them can compare
their measurements.
3- The standard unit of force is the newton (N). This
unit is named after the scientist Isaac Newton. This
forcemeter can measure in newtons.
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Science department
Year 3
Gravity
Gravity is a type of force that pulls objects toward the
earth
The Earth’s gravity is a force that pulls
objects towards the center of the Earth.
When we drop things, they fall down.
Down is a different direction in different
places on the Earth.
Down is always towards the center of the Earth.
People and objects do not fall off the Earth
because they can only fall towards the
center of the Earth.
Gravity makes things have weight.
Gravity on the Moon is about one-sixth (1/6) of earth’s
gravity.
This means that your weight on the Moon is
one-sixth (1/6) of your weight on Earth.
While the mass remains constant from one
place to another
Ex :
if your weight on Earth is 60 N. then your weight on
the Moon is 10 N.
if your mass on the Earth’s surface is 50Kg, it would
still be 50Kg on the Moon’s surface .
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Science department
Year 3
Friction
What is friction ?
When one object moves on another object it makes a
force called friction.
Friction happens where the outside part of the object,
the surface, pushes over the surface of the other
object.
The friction pushes against the movement, so it slows
down the moving object
- The direction of frictional force is opposite to the
direction of motion.
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Sometimes we use the word grip to describe
friction.
A surface that has lots of friction has
good grip and can be called a grippy
surface.
A surface that only has a little friction is called a
slippery surface
The importance of friction :
1- Stopping objects.
2- Producing heat and fire.
3- Stops slipping
4- decreases their speed
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Science department
Year 3
Magnet and poles
Magnet comes in different shapes
Horseshoe magnet Bar magnet Ring magnet
All magnets have a North pole and a South pole.
The North pole is sometimes colored red and the South
pole colored blue.
Magnets can push and pull. This force is called
magnetism
Materials that are pulled towards a
magnet are magnetic materials.
Ex : metal paper clips. The magnet
attracts the paper clips
Materials that are not attracted to a magnet are non-magnetic
materials.
Ex: wood
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Year 3
Magnets attract, magnets repel
Sometimes magnets can push apart instead of pulling
together. Magnets can repel.
Repel is the opposite of attract
Opposite poles will always attract each
other.
Two poles the same will always repel
each other.
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Science department
Year 3
North poles and south poles both attract
magnetic materials
Magnetic materials
Materials that are pulled towards a magnet are magnetic
materials.
Ex : metal paper clips. The magnet attracts the paper
clips
Some metals are magnetic
Ex: steel \ iron
Materials that are not attracted to
a magnet are non-magnetic
materials.
Ex: wood \ silver \ chrome \ lead \ zinc \ copper \ gold \
aluminium
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Science department
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