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Number System Notes

The document provides an overview of number systems, defining them as methods to represent numbers using symbols and bases. It details four main types: Decimal (base 10), Binary (base 2), Octal (base 8), and Hexadecimal (base 16), along with examples and conversion methods between these systems. Additionally, it includes a table for hexadecimal to binary conversions.

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7 views3 pages

Number System Notes

The document provides an overview of number systems, defining them as methods to represent numbers using symbols and bases. It details four main types: Decimal (base 10), Binary (base 2), Octal (base 8), and Hexadecimal (base 16), along with examples and conversion methods between these systems. Additionally, it includes a table for hexadecimal to binary conversions.

Uploaded by

kphukan2022
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Number System Notes

NUMBER SYSTEM
A number system is a way to represent and express numbers using a set of symbols (called
digits). Each number system has a base (or radix) which defines the total number of digits it
uses.

TYPES OF NUMBER SYSTEMS


Number System Base Digits Used Example

Decimal 10 0–9 254, 19.5

Binary 2 0, 1 1010₂

Octal 8 0–7 725₈

Hexadecimal 16 0–9, A–F 3AF₁₆

1. Decimal Number System (Base 10)


• Uses 10 digits (0–9).
• Each digit’s position represents a power of 10.
Example:
4721₁₀ = (4×10³) + (7×10²) + (2×10¹) + (1×10⁰) = 4721

2. Binary Number System (Base 2)


• Used by computers (0s and 1s).
• Each position represents a power of 2.
Example:
1011₂ = (1×2³) + (0×2²) + (1×2¹) + (1×2⁰) = 11₁₀

3. Octal Number System (Base 8)


• Uses digits 0–7.
• Each position represents a power of 8.
Example:
345₈ = (3×8²) + (4×8¹) + (5×8⁰) = 229₁₀

4. Hexadecimal Number System (Base 16)


• Uses digits 0–9 and letters A–F (A=10, B=11, ..., F=15).
• Each position represents a power of 16.
Example:
3AF₁₆ = (3×16²) + (10×16¹) + (15×16⁰) = 943₁₀
Conversion Between Number Systems
Decimal → Binary: Divide the number by 2 repeatedly and write remainders in reverse
order.
Example: 25₁₀ = 11001₂

Binary → Decimal: Multiply each bit by its positional power of 2 and sum up.
Example: 1010₂ = 10₁₀

Binary → Octal: Group binary digits in sets of 3 (from right to left).


Example: 101101₂ = 55₈

Binary → Hexadecimal: Group binary digits in sets of 4 (from right to left).


Example: 10111100₂ = BC₁₆

Hexadecimal to Binary Table


Hex Binary

0 0000

1 0001

2 0010

3 0011

4 0100

5 0101

6 0110

7 0111

8 1000

9 1001

A 1010

B 1011

C 1100

D 1101

E 1110

F 1111

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