AWS RDS
Relational Database
Service
Concept Overview:
What is Database 1
Relational Database 2
Non-Relational Database 3
Introduction RDS 4
RDS Features 5
Work process of RDS 6
Hands-on with (RDS + MySQL + EC2) 7
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What is Database:
A database is an electronically stored, systematic
collection of data. It can contain any type of data,
including words, numbers, images, videos, and files.
You can use software called a database management
system (DBMS) to store, retrieve, and edit data. In
computer systems, the word database can also refer to
any DBMS, to the database system, or to an
application associated with the database.
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Relational Database:
Relational database is a database that stores data in
tables (rows & columns) with relationships between
them.
Data organized into tables
Each table has rows (records) & columns (fields)
Uses SQL (Structured Query Language) for queries
Supports relationships (Primary Key, Foreign Key)
Ensures data integrity & consistency
Relational databases:
MySQL
PostgreSQL
Oracle Database
Microsoft SQL Server
MariaDB
IBM Db2
Amazon Aurora
SQLite
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Non-Relational Database:
Non-relational database is a database that stores data
in flexible formats (not only tables), designed for
scalability
Data stored as documents, key-value pairs, graphs,
or wide-columns
No fixed schema (schema-less or flexible schema)
Optimized for scalability & high performance
Great for big data & real-time applications
Non-Relational databases:
MongoDB
Cassandra
Redis
DynamoDB
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About RDS:
Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) is a
web service that makes it easier to set up, operate, and
scale a relational database in the AWS Cloud. It
provides cost-efficient, resizable capacity for an
industry-standard relational database and manages
common database administration tasks.
Benefits of it:
Amazon RDS provides the following principal
advantages over database deployments that aren't
fully managed:
You can use database engines that you are already
familiar with: IBM Db2, MariaDB, Microsoft SQL
Server, MySQL, Oracle Database, and PostgreSQL.
Amazon RDS manages backups, software patching,
automatic failure detection, and recovery.
You can turn on automated backups, or manually
create your own backup snapshots. You can use
these backups to restore a database. The Amazon
RDS restore process works reliably and efficiently.
You can get high availability with a primary DB
instance and a synchronous secondary DB
instance that you can fail over to when problems
occur. You can also use read replicas to increase
read scaling.
In addition to the security in your database
package, you can control access by using AWS
Identity and Access Management (IAM) to define
users and permissions. You can also help protect
your databases by putting them in a virtual private
cloud (VPC).
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Features of RDS:
Availability:
Automated Backups → easy recovery, quick access
Database Snapshots → user-driven, shareable
across AWS accounts
Security:
Strong password (Admin role by default)
Encryption with AWS KMS keys
Backups:
Automated Backups (configured at creation)
Snapshots (non-editable, for record keeping)
Scalability:
Horizontal Scaling → add multiple instances to
handle high traffic
Vertical Scaling → upgrade existing resources (CPU,
storage)
Performance:
General Purpose SSD (cost-effective, broad use)
Provisioned SSD (higher performance needs)
Pricing:
Pay-as-you-go model
No minimum charge, free tier available with limits
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Work process of RDS:
Traditionally, database management was scattered
across multiple layers, the web server, the application
server, and finally the database, requiring a dedicated
team for maintenance. To simplify this, AWS
introduced RDS, an all-in-one managed database
service.
RDS integrates all components of traditional database
architecture, including compute (EC2) and networking
(DNS), into a single managed solution. Each part of the
RDS architecture comes with its own set of features,
making database management easier, more efficient,
and highly scalable.
A diagram illustrating the RDS architecture is provided below.
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Hands-on with (RDS + MySQL + EC2):
Step 1: Sign in to your AWS account and search for
RDS.
Get this page now click on databases section.
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Hands-on with (RDS + MySQL + EC2):
Step 2: After click on database section get this page.
Now click on create databse button.
Note: Before creating a new database, you need to
create a subnet group and a security group.
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Hands-on with (RDS + MySQL + EC2):
Step 3: You can create a database easily with one click,
but I chose to create it manually with detailed
configuration.
Step 4: Let’s create db manually. Choose standard
create and database which one you want to use.
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Hands-on with (RDS + MySQL + EC2):
In the Template section, I chose the Free Tier option,
so it hides paid resources for more configuration.
In settings section, type db name, master username
and set password for access it later.
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Hands-on with (RDS + MySQL + EC2):
In the Instance configuration & Storage section, I keep
all as it is, if you need any changes you can do.
In the Connectivity section, configure your subnet
groups and security groups, SG will be the same for
EC2 instance.
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Hands-on with (RDS + MySQL + EC2):
Don’t forget to choose AZ. If you need you can set a
custom port for your MySql connection.
In the Monitoring section, you can choose the logs
option, i keep it as it is.
In the Additional configuration, you can choose the
backup, maintance and maintaince window option. I
keep it default i don’t need an backup.
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Hands-on with (RDS + MySQL + EC2):
In the Additional Configuration, you can choose
backup, maintenance, and maintenance window
options. I kept it default as I don’t need a backup.
One important thing: enable deletion protection by
checking this option. Your database won’t be deleted
when it is selected.
Now, click on create database button and create it.
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Hands-on with (RDS + MySQL + EC2):
Databse created successfully.
Step 5: Now launch an EC2 instance with the same
Security Group that is used in the database.
Here is my EC2 instance:
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Hands-on with (RDS + MySQL + EC2):
Step 6: Now it’s time to connect our database with the
EC2 instance. Before doing this, I provide a command-
line file that can be used to connect to and test the
RDS from EC2.
# update packages
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
# install mysql
sudo apt install mariadb-client
# test
mysql --version
# retrieved endpoint, username, and password to connect
mysql -h <RDS_Endpoint> -P 3306 -u <RDS_Username> -p
# after connect show db lists
SHOW DATABASES;
# create new database
CREATE DATABASE dbname;
# switch to your db
USE dbname;
# create user table
CREATE TABLE users (
id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
email VARCHAR(100) UNIQUE NOT NULL
);
# insert sample data
INSERT INTO users (name, email)
VALUES
('Alamgir Hosen', 'alamgir@[Link]'),
('Abir Ahmed', 'abir@[Link]');
# see table lists
SHOW TABLES;
# show data from specific table
SELECT * FROM users;
# leave from db
exit;
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Hands-on with (RDS + MySQL + EC2):
Don’t forget to set inbound roles of Security Groups
for your MySql connection.
Now, connect to your EC2 instance and install the
necessary configurations. You can do this via SSH or
directly from the EC2 terminal. In my case, I used the
EC2 terminal.
MySQL installed successfully.
Now, connect to the RDS MySQL. To do this, you need
the endpoint and master username, which you can
find in your database details.
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Hands-on with (RDS + MySQL + EC2):
Now run this command with your configuration details:
mysql -h <RDS_Endpoint> -P 3306 -u <RDS_Username> -p
Type your database password and press enter.
Successfully connected to the database. Now, test it
by creating a new database and table, and inserting
some records as well.
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Hands-on with (RDS + MySQL + EC2):
Here are the results of the operations I performed
using my command file: First, I created a new
database, then a new table called users, inserted some
user data, and finally displayed the list of users.
Successfully connected the RDS MySQL database
with the EC2 instance.
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Thank You
Stay Connect:
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