NORMAL VALUES
(Make sure to mention the range and unit for every value)
HEMOGLOBIN
Males - 14 to 18 gm/dL (grams per deciliter)
Females - 12 to 16 gm/dL
Method used: Sahli’s Acid Hematin Method
RED BLOOD CELLS
Adult Males - 4.5 to 6 million cells/cu mm of blood (cubic
millimeters) Adult Females - 3.5 to 5 million cells/cu mm of
blood
Normal Size - Diameter: 7.2 µ (6.9 to 7.4 µ)
Thickness: At the periphery it is thicker with 2.2 µ and at the center it is thinner with 1 µ
Surface area: 120 sq µ
Volume: 85 to 90 cu µ
ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE (ESR)
Westergren Method (Gold Standard)
o Men: 0–15 mm/hour
o Women: 0–20 mm/hour
o Children: 0–10 mm/hour
o Newborns: 0–2 mm/hour
Wintrobe Method
o Men: 0–9 mm/hour
o Women: 0–20 mm/hour
PACKED CELL VOLUME (PCV)
Males = 40% to 45%
Females = 38% to 42%
CLOTTING TIME (Capillary tube method): 3 to 8 min
BLEEDING TIME (Duke’s Method): 2 to 5 min
WHITE BLOOD CELLS
Total WBC count (TLC) - 4,000 to 11,000 cells/cu mm of
blood Differential Leukocyte Count: Neutrophils - 50 to 70 (%)
Eosinophils - 2 to 4
Basophils - 0 to 1
Monocytes - 2 to 6
Lymphocytes - 20 to 30
PLATELETS
1.5 to 4.5 lakhs cells/cu mm of blood
BLOOD PRESSURE:
120/80 mmHg (Millimeters of Mercury)
Apparatus Used: Sphygmomanometer & Stethoscope
LIPID PROFILE
Total Cholesterol
Desirable: Less than 200 mg/dL
Borderline High: 200–239 mg/dL
High: 240 mg/dL and above
Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Cholesterol ("Bad Cholesterol")
Optimal: Less than 100 mg/dL
High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol ("Good Cholesterol")
Men: 40 mg/dL or higher
Women: 50 mg/dL or higher
Optimal Level for Cardiovascular Protection (Both Genders): 60 mg/dL and above
Very Low-Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) Cholesterol
Normal range: 5–40 mg/dL
BODY TEMPERATURE:
Average Body Temperature - 98.6 F (37°C)
Normal Body Temperature can range between 97 F (36.1°C) & 99 F
(37.2°C) (Instrument Used: Thermometer)