Name: Francisco Javier Ardila
Score: 27 / 31 (87%) [14 subjective questions not graded]
Ch 7 Study Guide
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. Who was the first person to identify and see cells?
B a. Anton van Leeuwenhoek
b. Robert Hooke
c. Matthias Schleiden
d. Rudolf Virchow
B
ANSWER:
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2. The work of Schleiden and Schwann can be summarized by saying that
D a. all plants are made of cells.
b. all animals are made of cells.
c. plants and animals have specialized cells.
d. all plants and animals are made of cells.
D
ANSWER:
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3. Which of the following is NOT a principle of the cell theory?
C a. Cells are the basic units of life.
b. All living things are made of cells.
c. Very few cells reproduce.
d. All cells are produced by existing cells.
C
ANSWER:
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Figure 7-1
4. The structure labeled I in Figure 7-1 is a thin, flexible barrier around a cell. It is
A called the
a. cell membrane.
b. cell wall.
c. cell envelope.
d. cytoplasm.
A
ANSWER:
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5. Which cell structure contains the cell’s genetic material and controls the cell’s
B activities?
a. organelle
b. nucleus
c. cell envelope
d. cytoplasm
B
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6. Which structure contains the other?
B a. nucleus; cytoplasm
b. nucleus; genetic material
c. cell membrane; cell wall
d. prokaryote; organelles
B
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7. Prokaryotes lack
C a. cytoplasm.
b. a cell membrane.
c. a nucleus.
d. genetic material.
C
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8. Which of the following contains a nucleus?
C a. prokaryotes
b. bacteria
c. eukaryotes
d. organelles
C
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9. Which of the following organisms are prokaryotes?
C a. plants
b. animals
c. bacteria
d. all of the above
C
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10. The main function of the cell wall is to
A a. support and protect the cell.
b. store DNA.
c. direct the activities of the cell.
d. help the cell move.
A
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11. Unlike the cell membrane, the cell wall is
D a. found in all organisms.
b. composed of a lipid bilayer.
c. a flexible barrier.
d. made of tough fibers.
D
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12. You won’t find a cell wall in which of these kinds of organisms?
B a. plants
b. animals
c. fungi
d. none of the above
B
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13. Which of the following is a function of the nucleus?
D a. stores DNA
b. controls most of the cell’s processes
c. contains the information needed to make proteins
d. all of the above
D
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14. Which of the following is NOT found in the nucleus?
A a. cytoplasm
b. nucleolus
c. chromatin
d. DNA
A
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15. Which of the following is an organelle found in the cytoplasm?
B a. nucleolus
b. ribosome
c. chromatin
d. cell wall
B
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16. Which organelle breaks down food into particles the cell can use?
A a. Golgi apparatus
b. lysosome
c. endoplasmic reticulum
d. mitochondrion
B
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17. Which organelles help provide cells with energy?
B a. mitochondria and chloroplasts
b. rough endoplasmic reticulum
c. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
d. Golgi apparatus and ribosomes
A
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18. Which organelle would you expect to find in plant cells but not animal cells?
C a. mitochondrion
b. ribosome
c. chloroplast
d. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C
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19. The cell membrane contains channels and pumps that help move materials from
D one side to the other. What are these channels and pumps made of?
a. carbohydrates
b. lipids
c. bilipids
d. proteins
D
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20. Diffusion is the movement of molecules from
B a. an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.
b. an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
c. an area of equilibrium to an area of high concentration.
d. all of the above
B
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21. Diffusion occurs because
A a. molecules constantly move and collide with each other.
b. the concentration of a solution is never the same throughout a
solution.
c. the concentration of a solution is always the same throughout a
solution.
d. molecules never move or collide with each other.
A
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22. Which means of particle transport requires input of energy from the cell?
D a. diffusion
b. osmosis
c. facilitated diffusion
d. active transport
D
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23. The cells of multicellular organisms are
C a. smaller than those of unicellular organisms.
b. simpler than those of unicellular organisms.
c. specialized to perform particular functions.
d. not dependent on one another.
C
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24. Which of the following is an example of an organ?
A a. heart
b. epithelial tissue
c. digestive system
d. nerve cell
A
ANSWER:
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Completion
Complete each sentence or statement.
Figure 7-1
25. The material indicated in Figure 7-1 by the letter B is called the
____________________.
cytoplam
RESPONSE:
ANSWER: cytoplasm
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26. During cell division, chromatin condenses to form _________________________,
which are threadlike structures containing genetic material.
chromosomes
RESPONSE:
ANSWER: chromosomes
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27. Unlike smooth endoplasmic reticulum, rough endoplasmic reticulum has
____________________ attached to it.
ribosomes
RESPONSE:
ANSWER: ribosomes
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28. Enzymes in the _________________________ attach carbohydrates and lipids to
proteins.
Golgi apparatus
RESPONSE:
ANSWER: Golgi apparatus
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Figure 7-2
29. The structure indicated in Figure 7-2 by the letter F is usually larger in
____________________ cells.
plant
RESPONSE:
ANSWER: plant
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30. Molecules tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area
where they are less concentrated. This process is called ____________________.
diffusion
RESPONSE:
ANSWER: diffusion
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31. Large molecules such as glucose that cannot cross the lipid bilayer can still move
across the membrane with a concentration gradient by
_________________________.
facilitated diffusion
RESPONSE:
ANSWER: facilitated diffusion
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Short Answer
Figure 7-1
32. Identify each of the cell structures indicated in Figure 7-1. Use these terms:
nucleus, mitochondrion, ribosome, cell membrane, smooth endoplasmic reticulum,
rough endoplasmic reticulum, nucleolus, Golgi apparatus, cytoplasm.
(A) rough endoplasmic reticulum; (B) cytoplasm; (C) smooth
RESPONSE: endoplasmic reticulum; (D) nucleolus; (E) nucleus; (F)
mitochondrion; (G) Golgi apparatus; (H) ribosome; (I) cell
membrane
ANSWER: (A) rough endoplasmic reticulum; (B) cytoplasm; (C) smooth
endoplasmic reticulum; (D) nucleolus; (E) nucleus; (F)
mitochondrion; (G) Golgi apparatus; (H) ribosome; (I) cell
membrane
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33. What would happen if the cell membrane became impermeable?
The cell would die because needed nutrients, such as food and water,
RESPONSE: could not get inside the cell for its use and wastes would accumulate
inside the cell
ANSWER: The cell would die because needed nutrients, such as food and water,
could not get inside the cell for its use and wastes would accumulate
inside the cell.
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34. Define diffusion.
Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of higher
RESPONSE: concentration to an area of lower concentration
ANSWER: Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of higher
concentration to an area of lower concentration.
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35. Explain, in terms of osmosis, why a raisin placed in a cup of pure water overnight
will puff up with water.
Because the concentration of water in the cup is greater than the
RESPONSE: concentration of water in the raisin, water will flow from the cup
into the raisin.
ANSWER: Because the concentration of water in the cup is greater than the
concentration of water in the raisin, water will flow from the cup
into the raisin.
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36. What would happen to an animal cell with an internal salt concentration of 0.8% if
it were placed in a salt solution with a concentration of 20%? Why?
Because the concentration of water in the cup is greater than the
RESPONSE: concentration of water in the raisin, water will flow from the cup
into the raisin.
ANSWER: The cell would shrink, because the 20% salt solution is hypotonic
with respect to the cell, causing a net movement of water into the
cell.
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37. A hypertonic salt solution has a higher concentration of solutes than a blood cell.
Explain what happens when a blood cell is placed in a hypertonic salt solution.
When a blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, the water flows
RESPONSE: from the blood cell, through the cell membrane, into the solution. As
a result of losing water, the cell shrinks
ANSWER: When a blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, the water flows
from the blood cell, through the cell membrane, into the solution. As
a result of losing water, the cell shrinks.
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38. List the four levels of organization in order from simplest to most complex.
cell, tissue, organ, organ system
RESPONSE:
ANSWER: cell, tissue, organ, organ system
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Other
USING SCIENCE SKILLS
A student put together the experimental setup up shown below. The selectively
permeable membrane is permeable to both types of solute molecules shown.
Figure 7-4
39. Interpreting Graphics Describe the experimental setup shown in Figure 7-4. Do
you expect the distribution of the solutes on each side of the membrane to change
over time?
The experimental setup shows two solutions with different
RESPONSE: concentrations of two different solutes separated by a selectively
permeable membrane. Over time, the solutes should reach
equilibrium
ANSWER: The experimental setup shows two solutions with different
concentrations of two different solutes separated by a selectively
permeable membrane. Over time, the solutes should reach
equilibrium.
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40. Predicting Describe the movement of the C molecules on side A of the apparatus
shown in Figure 7-4. What will happen to these molecules over time?
Some of the C molecules will move to the B side of the container
RESPONSE:
ANSWER: Some of the C molecules will move to the B side of the container.
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41. Predicting Look at Figure 7-4. Describe the movement of the D molecules on side
A. What will happen to these molecules over time?
Some of the D molecules will move from side A to side B. The net
RESPONSE: movement of D molecules will be from side B to side A
ANSWER: Some of the D molecules will move from side A to side B. The net
movement of D molecules will be from side B to side A.
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USING SCIENCE SKILLS
Figure 7-5
42. Interpreting Graphics Which drawing in Figure 7-5 contains a structure that
carries out photosynthesis? What is this structure labeled in the diagram?
Drawing II—a plant cell—contains the structure described (a
RESPONSE: chloroplast). The structure is labeled N
ANSWER: Drawing II—a plant cell—contains the structure described (a
chloroplast). The structure is labeled N.
NOTES:
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USING SCIENCE SKILLS
The experimental setup below shows an osmometer. An osmometer is a device
used to measure the amount of osmotic pressure exerted by a liquid passing through
a semipermeable membrane. The graph shows one lab group’s results compared
with the results of the rest of the class combined. Line A represents the results of
the single lab group. Line B represents the data of the rest of the class.
Figur
e 7-6
43. Comparing and Contrasting Look at the graph in Figure 7-6. Compare the lab
results of the single lab group with those collected by the rest of the class.
Line A shows that the single group’s results are quite different from
RESPONSE: the results of the rest of the class. Over a half-hour period, the lab
group found that the solution traveled 25 mm, whereas the rest of the
class found a distance of only 12 mm over the same period of time.
ANSWER: Line A shows that the single group’s results are quite different from
the results of the rest of the class. Over a half-hour period, the lab
group found that the solution traveled 25 mm, whereas the rest of the
class found a distance of only 12 mm over the same period of time.
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44. Evaluating and Revising What could account for the difference in lines A and B
in the graph in Figure 7-6?
The lab group (line A) might have used a more concentrated solution
RESPONSE: of sucrose or a membrane with a different permeability
ANSWER: The lab group (line A) might have used a more concentrated solution
of sucrose or a membrane with a different permeability.
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45. Calculating How might you use the graph in Figure 7-6 to calculate the rate of
osmosis observed? What units would you use to report the rate?
The rate of osmosis could be calculated by dividing the distance
RESPONSE: traveled by time. The units would be mm/min
ANSWER: The rate of osmosis could be calculated by dividing the distance
traveled by time. The units would be mm/min.
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