Maths Class 11 Formula Sheet

Chapter 1
• i2= -1
• |z|=√𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2
−𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
• X= (Quadratic Formula)
2𝑎
𝑦
• Arg(z)=tan-1( )
𝑥
• x=xmax eiθ
• eiθ=cosθ+sinθi
• E=IZ
• z=r(cosθ+sinθi)
• z=r eiθ
• ω=2πf
• θ= ωt
Chapter 2

• If, A=At (Symmetric Matrix)

• If, A= -At (Skew-Symmetric Matrix)
i+j
• Aij=(-1) Mij

• |A|=0 (Singular Matrix)

• |A|≠0 (Non-Singular Matrix)
• |A|=0 (Non-Trivial Solution exists)

Chapter 3

• 𝐴𝐵
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = P.V f A – P.V of B
• Conditions for Parallel/Collinear Vectors:
1. 𝑎=K𝑏⃗
2. ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ + 𝐵𝐶
𝐴𝐶 = 𝐴𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
• If, 𝑎 = 𝑥𝑖̂ + 𝑦𝑗̂ + 𝑧𝑘̂

Then, ⃗⃗⃗ = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2
|a|
𝑎⃗
• â= | ⃗ |
𝑎
• Ratio Formlua:
⃗
⃗ +𝒎𝒃
𝒏𝒂
i. ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
|𝑶𝑷|= (Only used when point is
𝒏+𝒎
divided internally)
⃗
⃗ −𝒎𝒃
𝒏𝒂
ii. ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
|𝑶𝑷|= (Only used when point is
𝒏−𝒎
divided internally)
• 𝑎 . 𝑏⃗= abcosθ
 ⃗
𝑎⃗.𝑏
• θ=cos −1
(| | ⃗ )
𝑎⃗ |𝑏|
𝑎⃗.𝑏 ⃗
• Projection of 𝑎 along 𝑏⃗= ⃗
|𝑏 |
1
• Area of Parallelogram= |𝑑
⃗⃗⃗⃗1 x ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑑2 |
2
• Work Done = 𝐹 . 𝑆= FS cosθ
• 𝑎 x 𝑏⃗= absinθn̂
𝑖̂ 𝑗̂ 𝑘̂
• 𝑎 x 𝑏⃗= 𝑎1 𝑎2 𝑎3
𝑏1 𝑏2 𝑏3
⃗|
|𝑎⃗ 𝑥 𝑏
• θ=sin−1 ( | ⃗|
)
𝑎⃗||𝑏

• |𝑎 𝑥 𝑏⃗|2= |𝑎|2 |𝑏⃗|2 – (𝑎. 𝑏⃗)2

• 𝑖̂ x 𝑗̂=𝑘̂ , 𝑗̂ x 𝑘̂ = 𝑖̂ , 𝑘̂ x 𝑖̂ =𝑗̂
• 𝑗̂ x 𝑖̂=−𝑘̂ , 𝑖̂ x 𝑘̂=−𝑗̂ ¸ 𝑘̂ x 𝑗̂=−𝑖̂
1
• Area of Triangle== |𝐴𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ x ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐶 |
2
• Moment = 𝑟 x 𝐹
• Scalar Triple Product= 𝑎 . (𝑏⃗ x 𝑐 )= [ a b c ]
• For Coplanar Vectors:

𝑎 . (𝑏⃗ x 𝑐 )=0

• Volume of Parallelepiped= 𝑎 . (𝑏⃗ x 𝑐 )

 1
• Volume of Tetrahedron= (𝐴𝐵
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ . ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐶 x ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐷)
6

Chapter 4
• an=a1+(n-1)d
• d=a2-a1
𝑎+𝑏
• Arithmetic Mean(A.M) =
2
𝑛
• Sn= [a1+an]
2
𝑛
• Sn= [2a1+(n-1)d]
2
• an=a1rn-1
• Geometric Mean(G.M)=√𝑎𝑏
• When r≠1:
Sn=a1(1-rn)
(1-r)
• When r=1:
Sn=na1
• When -1<r<1 OR |𝑟| < 1:
S ∞= a 1
1-r
2𝑎𝑏
• Harmonic Mean(H.M) =
𝑎+𝑏
• AH=G2
Here,
A=Arithmetic Mean , G=Geometric Mean,
 H=Harmonic Mean
• When Series is Finite:
𝑎 𝑑𝑟(1−𝑟 𝑛 ) (𝑎+𝑛𝑑 )𝑟 𝑛
Sn= + (1−𝑟 )2
-
1−𝑟 1−𝑟

• When Series is Infinite:

𝑎 𝑑𝑟
Sn= +(
1−𝑟 1−𝑟 )2

Chapter 5
• p(x)= (x-c) q(x)+r
• Dividend= Divisor x Quotient + Remainder

Chapter 6
𝑛!
• nPr= (
𝑛−𝑟 )!
𝑛!
• nC =
r
𝑟!(𝑛−𝑟 )!
• (𝑛𝑛)=(𝑛0)=1
• (𝑛𝑟)=(𝑛−𝑟
𝑛
)
• (𝑛1)=(𝑛−1𝑛
)=n
 • (𝑛𝑟)+(𝑟−1
𝑛
)=(𝑛+1
𝑟
)

Chapter 7
• (a+b)n=(𝑛0)anb0 + (𝑛1)an-1b1 + (𝑛2)an-2b2+…+(𝑛−1
𝑛
)a1bn-1
+ (𝑛𝑛)a0bn
• Terms in (a+b)n:
1. No of terms=n+1
2. If, n is even then there will be odd no of terms in
expansion.
𝑛+2 th
So,Middle Term=(
2
) term

[Link], n is odd then there will be even no of terms in

expansion.
𝑛+1 th
So, Middle Term=(
2
) term
𝑛+3 th
OR ( ) term
2

[Link] we want to find (r+1)th term then,

Tr+1=(𝑛𝑟)an-rbr
5.A term at rth position from the end in the expansion
is at (n+2-r)th position from the beginning.
• Series is convergent if,
|𝑥 |< 1 OR -1 < x < 1
Convergent Series means finite series.
𝑛(𝑛−1)(𝑛−2)…(𝑛−𝑟+1)
• Tr+1= . 𝑥𝑟
𝑟!
• Basic Properties of Congruences:
a ≡ b (mod m)
Means that m divides (a-b)
• Reflexive Property:
a ≡ a (mod m)

Chapter 8
• Allied angle rule:
Sin(n x 90˚+θ)
I. . If n is odd
Then, Sin(n x 90˚+θ)=cosθ
Similarly, Tan θ is converted to cot θ.
Sec θ is converted to Cosec θ.
II. If n is even.
Then, the trigonometric function remains same.
 1
• sin θ=
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 θ
1
• cos θ=
sec θ
1
• tan θ=
cot θ
• cos(α+β)=cosαcosβ – sinαsinβ
• cos(α-β)=cosαcosβ + sinαsinβ
• sin(α+β)= sinαcosβ+cosαsinβ
• sin(α-β)= sinαcosβ-cosαsinβ
tan α+tan β
• tan(α+β)=
1−tan α tan β
tan α−tan β
• tan(α-β)=
1+tan α tan β
• Double angle formulas:
1) Sin2θ=2sinθcosθ
2) Cos2θ=cos2θ-sin2θ
3) Cos2θ=1-2sin2θ
4) Cos2θ=2cos2θ-1
2𝑡𝑎𝑛θ
5) Tan2θ=
1−tan2 θ
𝑠𝑖𝑛2θ
6) Tan2θ=
𝑐𝑜𝑠2θ
• Half Angle Formulas:
θ 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠θ
I. Sin =±√
2 2
 θ 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠θ
II. Cos =±√
2 2

θ 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠θ
III. Tan =±√
2 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠θ

• From Product to Sum:

I. 2sinα cosβ=sin(α+β) + sin(α-β)
II. 2cosα sinβ=sin(α+β) - sin(α-β)
III. 2cosα cosβ=cos(α+β) + cos(α-β)
IV. -2sinα sinβ=cos(α+β) - cos(α-β)
• Sum to Product:
𝛼+𝛽 𝛼−𝛽
I. Sinα + sinβ= 2sin( ) cos ( )
2 2
𝛼+𝛽 𝛼−𝛽
II. Sinα - sinβ= 2cos( ) sin ( )
2 2
𝛼+𝛽 𝛼−𝛽
III. cosα + cosβ= 2cos( ) cos ( )
2 2
𝛼+𝛽 𝛼−𝛽
IV. cosα - cosβ= -2sin( ) sin ( )
2 2
• Triple Angle Formulas:
I. Cos(3α)= 4cos3 α - 3cos α
II. Sin(3α)=3sin α – 4sin3 α
3𝑡𝑎𝑛α−tan3 α
III. Tan(3α)=
1−3 tan2 α
 Chapter 9
• If, max` > 0 and min` > 0
1 1
Then, Max= , Min=
𝑀𝑖𝑛` 𝑀𝑎𝑥`

• If, max` > 0 and min` < 0

1 1
Then, Max= , Min=
𝑀𝑎𝑥` 𝑀𝑖𝑛`

• Period of sin 𝑥 , cos 𝑥 , 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 sec 𝑥 is 2π.

• Period of tan 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 cot 𝑥 is π.
• If, f(−𝑥 )= f(𝑥 )
Then, function is even.
• Cos and Sec are even.
• If, f(−𝑥 )= –f(𝑥 )
Then, function is odd.
• Sin , Cosec , Tan and Cot are odd.
• f(t)= a sin[ k(t-d)]+c
• f(t)= a cos[ k(t-d)]+c