Chapter 1: Real Numbers

Maximum Marks: 80

📝 General Instructions

 This paper contains questions from Chapter 1 – Real Numbers only.

 Sections: A, B, C, D, Case-Based, and Assertion–Reason.

 All questions are compulsory.

 Internal choices are provided where applicable.

 Show all steps clearly.

SECTION A — VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

Q1. The decimal expansion of the rational number 14587/1250 will terminate after how
many decimal places?

Q2. If HCF(a, b) = 12 and a × b = 1800, find LCM(a, b).

Q3. If p is a prime number and p divides a², then p divides a. State the theorem that
justifies this, and identify which mathematician it is associated with.

Q4. What is the HCF of the smallest prime number and the smallest composite number?

Q5. The LCM of two numbers is 2520 and their HCF is 6. If one number is 180, find the
other.

Q6. State whether 3√2 − √8 + 4√2 is rational or irrational. Justify. [1 Mark]

Q7. Express 0.̅ 3·5̅ (i.e., 0.353535...) as a rational number in its simplest form. [1 Mark]

Q8. If n is any natural number, can 6ⁿ end with the digit 0? Give a reason. [1 Mark]

Q9. Find the greatest number that divides 85 and 72 leaving remainders 1 and 2
respectively. [1 Mark]

Q10. Write the prime factorisation of 2³ × 3² × 5 × 7² and state how many factors this
number has. [1 Mark]

SECTION B — SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

Q11. Prove that √5 is irrational using the method of contradiction. Clearly state the
assumption and derive the contradiction. [2 Marks]

Q12. Using Euclid’s Division Lemma, find the HCF of 225 and 135. Also verify: HCF × LCM
= Product of the two numbers. [2 Marks]
Q13. Show that every positive odd integer is of the form 4q + 1 or 4q + 3, where q is some
integer. [2 Marks]

Q14. Three bells ring at intervals of 12, 15, and 18 minutes respectively. They all rang
together at 8:00 AM. At what time will they next ring together? Show all working using
LCM. [2 Marks]

Q15. If d = HCF(48, 72, 120), find d and express 48, 72, and 120 each as a product of d
and another integer. [2 Marks]

Q16. Prove that √2 + √3 is irrational. [Hint: Assume it is rational and use the irrationality
of √6] [2 Marks]

SECTION C — LONG ANSWER TYPE I

Q17. Using Euclid’s Division Algorithm, find the HCF of 4052 and 12576. Hence find the
LCM. [3 Marks]

Q18. Prove that 5 − 3√2 is irrational, given that √2 is irrational. Clearly state every step.
[3 Marks]

Q19. Without actually performing long division, state whether the following rational
numbers will have terminating or non-terminating repeating decimal expansions. Justify
each: [3 Marks]
(i) 77 / (2⁴ × 5³ × 7)
(ii) 213 / (3125)
(iii) 129 / (2² × 5· × 7³)

Q20. Find the largest number that divides 2053 and 967 leaving remainders 5 and 7
respectively. Show full working. [3 Marks]

Q21. Prove that n² − n is divisible by 2 for every positive integer n. Then, prove that n³ − n
is divisible by 6 for every positive integer n. [3 Marks]

Q22. The HCF and LCM of two numbers m and n are 9 and 360 respectively. If m = 45,
find n. Also, prove that HCF(m, n) × LCM(m, n) = m × n for these values. [3 Marks]
(OR)
Find the HCF of 96 and 404 by the prime factorisation method. Hence, find the LCM
of 96 and 404.
SECTION D — LONG ANSWER TYPE II
(Each question carries 5 marks | Q23 to Q28)

Q23. Prove that √3 is irrational. Hence show that 7 − 2√3 is also irrational. Then check
whether (7 − 2√3)(7 + 2√3) is rational or irrational and compute its exact value. [5 Marks]

Q24. Using Euclid’s Division Lemma, prove that the square of any positive integer is of
the form 3m or 3m + 1, but not of the form 3m + 2. Use this to show that the square of
any odd positive integer is of the form 8q + 1. [5 Marks]

Q25. Prove that for any prime p, √p is irrational. Hence prove that √2 + √3 + √5 is
irrational. [Hint: Assume it is rational; square and use the irrationalities of individual surds
step by step] [5 Marks]

Q26. There are 156, 208 and 260 students in three sections of class X. Find the minimum
number of books required if each student gets an equal number of books, and these
books are distributed equally within each section. Also, find the minimum number of
students per group if all sections are to have groups of equal size. [5 Marks]

Q27. A, B, and C start walking around a circular track at the same time from the same
point. A completes a round in 6 minutes, B in 10 minutes, and C in 14 minutes. [5 Marks]
(i) After how many minutes will they all meet again at the starting point?
(ii) How many rounds would each of A, B, and C have completed by then?
(iii) If the track is 420 m long, find the distance walked by A and B together by the
time they first meet.
(iv) Identify which mathematical concept is applied and state the relevant theorem.

Q28. Prove that the product of three consecutive positive integers is divisible by 6.
Extend this to prove that the product of any four consecutive positive integers is divisible
by 24. Also state Euclid’s Division Algorithm formally and use it to prove that any positive
integer n satisfies exactly one of: n = 3q, n = 3q+1, n = 3q+2. [5 Marks]
(OR)
Using Euclid’s Division Algorithm, find all the positive integers p, q, r such that p =
17q + r, where 0 ≤ r < 17. Then prove that HCF(17q + r, 17) = HCF(17, r) for all valid
values of r.
CASE-BASED QUESTIONS
(Each carries 5 marks — attempt all sub-parts | Q29 to Q30)

Q29. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow:
A school organises its Annual Sports Day. The school has 300 boys and 420 girls
who are to be arranged in rows such that each row has the same number of
students and only boys or only girls are in one row. The sports teacher wants to find
the arrangement using the concept of HCF.

Q29. [5 Marks]
(i) Find the maximum number of students that can be placed in each row. [1 mark]
(ii) How many rows of boys and rows of girls will there be? [1 mark]
(iii) If the teacher also wants to include 180 teachers, what is the new maximum row
size that divides all three groups equally? [2 marks]
(iv) Express 420 and 300 as products of prime factors. How does prime factorisation
help find HCF? [1 mark]

Q30. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow:
Raj is saving money. He has ₹100 to start and saves ₹10 every day. His friend Priya
starts with ₹60 and saves ₹15 every day. His teacher tells him that the number of
days after which they will have the same savings can be found using the concept of
LCM if they also have periodic bonuses — Raj gets a ₹50 bonus every 6 days, and
Priya gets a ₹80 bonus every 9 days. Both bonuses start from day 1.

Q30. [5 Marks]
(i) Without bonuses, after how many days will Raj and Priya have the same savings?
Show working. [2 marks]
(ii) On which day will both Raj and Priya receive their bonus on the same day? [1
mark]
(iii) Is the number of days in part (ii) rational? Is the ratio of bonus amounts rational?
Justify. [1 mark]
(iv) The bonuses Raj receives form a sequence 50, 100, 150, ... (every 6 days). Is the
total bonus always divisible by 6? Prove it for n bonuses. [1 mark]