Spring Break Math Review Packet

Chapters 8, 9, 10, and 13

Have a wonderful and restful break!

Instructions: Please complete all work on separate sheets of lined paper.

Number your problems clearly, show all of your steps, and clearly box your final answers.
Use the formula boxes at the start of each section to guide you!

Part 1: Algebraic Fractions (Chapter 8)

Fraction Rules Reminder
• Simplifying: Factoring first is key! Look for common factors in the top and
bottom.
• Multiplying/Dividing: For multiplication, multiply straight across. For divi-
sion, ”Keep, Change, Flip.”
• Adding/Subtracting: You MUST have a common denominator. Find the
LCM first.
• Solving Equations: Multiply both sides by the Lowest Common Denominator
to clear fractions.

1. Simplify the following algebraic fractions by factoring and canceling common terms:

8x2 y x2 − 16 x2 + 5x
(a) (b) (c)
20xy 2 x+4 x2 + 8x + 15

2. Multiply or divide and simplify your final answer:

4 3x − 6 5 10
(a) × (b) ÷ 2
x−2 8 2x + 4 x − 4

3. Add or subtract the fractions, and simplify:

2x 2 3 2
(a) + (b) +
x+1 x+1 x x+3

4. Solve for x in the following equations:

1
 x+7 10 2
(a) =3 (b) −1=
6 x x

Part 2: Coordinate Geometry (Chapter 9)

Essential Geometry Formulas

For two points A(x1 , y1 ) and B(x2 , y2 ):

 
x1 + x2 y1 + y2
• Midpoint: M = ,
2 2
y2 − y1
• Gradient (Slope): m =
x2 − x 1
• Distance: d =
p
(x2 − x1 )2 + (y2 − y1 )2
• Line Equation: y − y1 = m(x − x1 ) (Gradient-Point Form)
• Parallel/Perpendicular: m1 = m2 (Parallel), m1 × m2 = −1 (Perpendicu-
lar)

Look at the two points on the grid: Point A is (1, 2) and Point B is (5, 8).

y
10
B (5, 8)
8

2
A (1, 2)
x
1 2 3 4 5 6 7

5. Calculate the exact coordinates of the midpoint halfway between A and B.

6. Calculate the exact gradient of the line segment AB.

7. Calculate the exact distance between Point A and Point B. Leave your answer in
simplest radical form (surd form) or round to 2 decimal places.

8. Find the equation of the line passing through both points in the form y = mx + c.

9. You are given the midpoint of line segment P Q is (3, −1). If Point P is (7, 2), find the
coordinates of Point Q.

2
10. Calculate the coordinates of the two points where the line with the equation 2x + 3y =
12 intercepts (crosses) the x-axis and the y-axis.

11. Line L1 has the equation y = 3x − 5. Line L2 is perpendicular to Line L1 and passes
through the point (6, 4). Find the equation of Line L2 .

12. Prove whether the three points X(1, 1), Y (5, 4), and Z(8, 0) form a right-angled trian-
gle.

Part 3: Congruence & Similarity (Chapter 10)

Congruence & Similarity Tests
• Congruent: tests SSS, SAS, ASA, RHS.
• Similar: tests AAA, RHS, Ratio of sides.
• Area Scale Factor = (Length Scale Factor)2
• Volume Scale Factor = (Length Scale Factor)3

13. State the congruence test that proves Triangle ABC is congruent to Triangle DEF.
Justify your answer using the given information: AB = DE = 5 cm, BC = EF = 7
cm, and ̸ ABC = ̸ DEF = 30◦ .

14. The two shapes below are mathematically similar.

6 cm

4 cm 12 cm

(a) Calculate the Length Scale Factor. (b) Use the scale factor to find the missing
side x.

15. The horizontal lines are parallel. Calculate the length of the bottom base, x.

3
 10

5
x

16. Two mathematically similar pentagons have areas of 24 cm2 and 150 cm2 . If the short-
est side of the smaller pentagon is 4 cm, find the length of the shortest side of the larger
pentagon.
17. Two solid cylinders are similar. The smaller cylinder has a height of 5 cm and a volume
of 40π cm3 . The larger cylinder has a height of 15 cm. Calculate the exact volume of
the larger cylinder.

Part 4: Trigonometry (Chapter 13)

SOH CAH TOA & Pythagorean Theorem

• Pythagoras: a2 + b2 = c2
• Trig Ratios: sin(θ) = Opp
Hyp
cos(θ) = Adj
Hyp
tan(θ) = Opp
Adj

• Identities: tan(θ) = sin(θ)

cos(θ)
and sin2 (θ) + cos2 (θ) = 1

18. Find the length of the shortest side of a right-angled triangle if the hypotenuse is 17
cm and the other side is 15 cm.
19. Use your knowledge of identity relationships to answer: (a) If sin(32◦ ) ≈ 0.53, what is
cos(58◦ )?
(b) Simplify this expression to a single number: sin2 (11◦ ) + cos2 (11◦ ).
20. Write the exact, unrounded fractions for sin(θ), cos(θ), and tan(θ) for the triangle
below.

13
5

θ
12

21. Find the missing side x. Round all answers to 1 decimal place.

4
 (a)

25 m
x
28◦
62◦
15 cm
x
(b)

22. Find the missing angle θ. Round all answers to 1 decimal place.

(a) (b)

14 m
7 cm 8m
11 cm
θ θ

23. A surveyor measures the angle of elevation to the top of a tower to be 38◦ . If the
surveyor’s eye level is 1.6 meters above the ground and they are standing 45 meters
away from the base of the tower on flat ground, calculate the total height of the tower.
Round your answer to 1 decimal place.

24. Find the angle θ hidden inside this rectangular box. Round to 1 decimal place.

8 cm

θ 5 cm
12 cm

Good Luck! Have a safe and quiet break!