Chemistry, 6e (McMurry/Fay)

Chapter 7 Covalent Bonds and Molecular Structure

7.1 Multiple-Choice Questions

1) Covalent bonding is a
A) gain of electrons.
B) loss of electrons.
C) transfer of electrons.
D) sharing of electrons.
Answer: D
Topic: Introduction

2) Which electrostatic forces hold atoms together in a molecule?

A) electron-electron forces
B) electron-nucleus forces
C) nucleus-nucleus forces
D) all three forces
Answer: B
Topic: Section 7.1 Covalent Bonding in Molecules

3) At the equilibrium bond length

A) the attractive forces holding the atoms together are less than the repulsive forces.
B) the potential energy is a maximum.
C) the potential energy is a minimum.
D) the repulsive forces are greater than the attractive forces holding the atoms together.
Answer: C
Topic: Section 7.1 Covalent Bonding in Molecules

4) Which is the longest bond?

A) NN
B) N=N
C) NN
D) All three bond lengths should be about the same.
Answer: A
Topic: Section 7.2 Strengths of Covalent Bonds

5) Which bond should have the highest bond dissociation energy?

A) NN
B) NN
C) NN
D) All three bonds should have about the same dissociation energy.
Answer: C
Topic: Section 7.2 Strengths of Covalent Bonds

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6) Which molecule contains the most easily broken carbon-carbon bond?
A) H3C–CH3
B) H2C=CH2
C) F2C=CF2
D) HCCH
Answer: A
Topic: Section 7.2 Strengths of Covalent Bonds

7) Which molecule has the weakest bonds?

A) CF4
B) CCl4
C) CBr4
D) CI4
Answer: D
Topic: Section 7.2 Strengths of Covalent Bonds

8) The ClCl bond energy is 243 kJ/mol. Therefore the formation of a single bond between chlorine
atoms
A) should require the absorption of 243 kJ per mole of Cl2 formed.
B) should require the absorption of 486 kJ per mole of Cl2 formed.
C) should result in the release of 243 kJ per mole of Cl2 formed.
D) should result in the release of 486 kJ per mole of Cl2 formed.
Answer: C
Topic: Section 7.2 Strengths of Covalent Bonds

9) In general, at room temperature

A) ionic compounds are all solids and covalent compounds are all gases.
B) ionic compounds are all solids, but covalent compounds may be solids, liquids, or gases.
C) ionic compounds are all solids, and covalent compounds are liquids or gases.
D) covalent compounds are all gases, but ionic compounds may be solids, liquids, or gases.
Answer: B
Topic: Section 7.3 A Comparison of Ionic and Covalent Compounds

10) Which compound is most likely to exist as a gas at room temperature?

A) Al4C3
B) CF4
C) CaF2
D) WC
Answer: B
Topic: Section 7.3 A Comparison of Ionic and Covalent Compounds

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11) Compound A is a solid with a melting point of 125°C, and compound B is a gas at 25°C and one
atmosphere pressure. Based on these data, one would expect
A) both compounds to be covalent.
B) compound A to be ionic and compound B to be covalent.
C) compound A to be covalent and compound B to be ionic.
D) both compounds to be ionic.
Answer: A
Topic: Section 7.3 A Comparison of Ionic and Covalent Compounds

12) When melting S8, ________ forces must be overcome and S8 is expected to have a ________
melting point than MgS.
A) covalent bonding, higher
B) covalent bonding, lower
C) intermolecular, higher
D) intermolecular, lower
Answer: D
Topic: Section 7.3 A Comparison of Ionic and Covalent Compounds

13) Of the following elements, which has the highest electronegativity?

A) P
B) S
C) Sc
D) As
Answer: B
Topic: Section 7.4 Polar Covalent Bonds: Electronegativity

14) Of the following elements, which has the lowest electronegativity?

A) Mg
B) Cl
C) Ca
D) Br
Answer: C
Topic: Section 7.4 Polar Covalent Bonds: Electronegativity

15) The electronegativity is 2.1 for H and 1.8 for Si. Based on these electronegativities, SiH 4 would be
expected to
A) be ionic and contain H- ions.
B) be ionic and contain H+ ions.
C) have polar covalent bonds with a partial negative charges on the H atoms.
D) have polar covalent bonds with a partial positive charges on the H atoms.
Answer: C
Topic: Section 7.4 Polar Covalent Bonds: Electronegativity

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16) A reactive element with a relatively high electronegativity would be expected to have a relatively
A) small negative electron affinity and a relatively low ionization energy.
B) small negative electron affinity and a relatively high ionization energy.
C) large negative electron affinity and a relatively low ionization energy.
D) large negative electron affinity and a relatively high ionization energy.
Answer: D
Topic: Section 7.4 Polar Covalent Bonds: Electronegativity

17) The compound ICl contains

A) ionic bonds.
B) nonpolar covalent bonds.
C) polar covalent bonds, with partial negative charges on the Cl atoms.
D) polar covalent bonds, with partial negative charges on the I atoms.
Answer: C
Topic: Section 7.4 Polar Covalent Bonds: Electronegativity

18) The greater the electronegativity difference between two bonded atoms, the
A) greater the bond order.
B) greater the covalent character of the bond.
C) greater the ionic character of the bond.
D) more unstable the bond.
Answer: C
Topic: Section 7.4 Polar Covalent Bonds: Electronegativity

19) Which molecule contains the most polar bonds?

A) CF4
B) CO2
C) CN–
D) CH4
Answer: A
Topic: Section 7.4 Polar Covalent Bonds: Electronegativity

20) The electronegativity for both sulfur and carbon is 2.5. Therefore the compound CS2 would be
expected to
A) be ionic with C as the anion.
B) be ionic with C as the cation.
C) have nonpolar covalent bonds between C and S.
D) have polar covalent bonds between C and S.
Answer: C
Topic: Section 7.4 Polar Covalent Bonds: Electronegativity

21) The phosphorus atom in PCl3 would be expected to have a

A) partial positive (δ+) charge.
B) partial negative (δ-) charge.
C) 3+ charge.
D) 3- charge.
Answer: A
Topic: Section 7.4 Polar Covalent Bonds: Electronegativity
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22) A chlorine atom in Cl2 should have a
A) charge of 1-.
B) partial charge δ-.
C) partial charge δ+.
D) charge of 0.
Answer: D
Topic: Section 7.4 Polar Covalent Bonds: Electronegativity

23) Element A has an electronegativity of 0.8 and element B has an electronegativity of 3.0. Which
statement best describes the bonding in A3B?
A) The AB bond is largely covalent with a δ- on A.
B) The AB bond is largely covalent with a δ+ on A.
C) The compound is largely ionic with A as the cation.
D) The compound is largely ionic with A as the anion.
Answer: C
Topic: Section 7.4 Polar Covalent Bonds: Electronegativity

24) Based on the indicated electronegativities, arrange the following in order of increasing ionic
character: CsBr, LaBr3, PBr3, MgBr2.

A) CsBr, LaBr3, MgBr2, PBr3

B) CsBr, MgBr2, PBr3, LaBr3
C) PBr3, LaBr3, MgBr2, CsBr
D) PBr3, MgBr2, LaBr3, CsBr
Answer: D
Topic: Section 7.4 Polar Covalent Bonds: Electronegativity

25) The electronegativities for the elements vary from 0.7 for cesium to 4.0 for fluorine. The
electronegativity for iodine is 2.5. Based entirely on the general guidelines for electronegativities and
bond character,
A) binary compounds with iodine should all be polar covalent with a δ- on I.
B) binary compounds with iodine should all be polar covalent with a δ+ on I.
C) compounds with iodine may be ionic, polar covalent, or nonpolar covalent.
D) no binary compounds with iodine should be substantially ionic.
Answer: D
Topic: Section 7.4 Polar Covalent Bonds: Electronegativity

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26) Arrange the following in order of increasing ionic character: Al2S3, MgS, Na2S, P4S3, S8.
A) MgS, Na2S, Al2S3, P4S3, S8
B) Na2S, MgS, Al2S3, P4S3, S8
C) S8, P4S3, Al2S3, MgS, Na2S
D) S8, P4S3, Al2S3, Na2S, MgS
Answer: C
Topic: Section 7.4 Polar Covalent Bonds: Electronegativity

27) A::A represents

A) a double bond.
B) a quadruple bond.
C) one lone pair of electrons.
D) two lone pairs of electrons.
Answer: A
Topic: Section 7.5 Electron-Dot Structures

28) The nitrogen-nitrogen bond in :NN: has a bond order of

A) 3
B) 1
C) 2
D) 6
Answer: A
Topic: Section 7.5 Electron-Dot Structures

29) How many of the σ bonds in H2SO4 are coordinate covalent bonds?
A) 0
B) 2
C) 4
D) 6
Answer: B
Topic: Section 7.5 Electron-Dot Structures

30) How many lone pairs of electrons are on the P atom in PF3?
A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
Answer: B
Topic: Section 7.6 Electron-Dot Structures of Polyatomic Molecules

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31) Which is the most acceptable electron dot structure for N2H2?
A)

B)

C)
H–NN–H
D)

Answer: B
Topic: Section 7.6 Electron-Dot Structures of Polyatomic Molecules

32) In the most acceptable electron-dot structure for carbonyl fluoride, COF2 the central atom is
A) C, which is singly-bonded to O.
B) C, which is doubly-bonded to O.
C) O, which is singly-bonded to C
D) O, which is doubly-bonded to C.
Answer: B
Topic: Section 7.6 Electron-Dot Structures of Polyatomic Molecules

33) Which molecule contains a triple bond?

A) F2
B) O3
C) HCN
D) H2CO
Answer: C
Topic: Section 7.6 Electron-Dot Structures of Polyatomic Molecules

34) Elements that can accommodate more than eight electrons in their valence shell occur only in
periodic table period
A) 2 or lower.
B) 3 or lower.
C) 4 or lower.
D) 5 or lower.
Answer: B
Topic: Section 7.6 Electron-Dot Structures of Polyatomic Molecules

35) Which element can accommodate more than eight electrons in its valence shell?
A) C
B) O
C) P
D) He
Answer: C
Topic: Section 7.6 Electron-Dot Structures of Polyatomic Molecules
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36) Which of the following contains an atom that does not obey the octet rule?
A) KBr
B) CO2
C) ClF3
D) ICl
Answer: C
Topic: Section 7.6 Electron-Dot Structures of Polyatomic Molecules

37) How many lone pairs of electrons are on the Xe atom in XeF6?
A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
Answer: B
Topic: Section 7.6 Electron-Dot Structures of Polyatomic Molecules

38) How many electrons are in the valence shell of I in IF4-?

A) 8
B) 10
C) 12
D) 14
Answer: C
Topic: Section 7.6 Electron-Dot Structures of Polyatomic Molecules

39) Identify the fourth-row element X that forms the ion.

A) Ge
B) As
C) Se
D) Kr
Answer: C
Topic: Section 7.6 Electron-Dot Structures of Polyatomic Molecules

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40) Consider a molecule with the following connections:

When a valid electron dot structure is written, how many double bonds will the molecule contain?
A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 4
Answer: C
Topic: Section 7.6 Electron-Dot Structures of Polyatomic Molecules

41) How many lone pairs are on the Br atom in BrF2-?

A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
Answer: D
Topic: Section 7.6 Electron-Dot Structures of Polyatomic Molecules

42) NO2– is be expected to have

A) two single bonds.
B) one single and one double bond.
C) two double bonds.
D) two identical bonds intermediate between a single and a double bond.
Answer: D
Topic: Section 7.7 Electron-Dot Structures and Resonanace

43) How many resonance structures are required in the electron-dot structure of CO32-?
A) two
B) three
C) four
D) five
Answer: B
Topic: Section 7.7 Electron-Dot Structures and Resonanace

44) What is the approximate carbon-oxygen bond order in CO32-?

A) 1
B) 4/3
C) 5/3
D) 2
Answer: B
Topic: Section 7.7 Electron-Dot Structures and Resonanace

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45) Which is expected to have the strongest C—O bond?
A) CH3OH
B) COCl2
C) CH3CO2-
D) CO32-
Answer: B
Topic: Section 7.7 Electron-Dot Structures and Resonanace

46) Which of the following are allowed resonance forms of NCS-?

A) only I
B) only II
C) only III
D) I and III
Answer: A
Topic: Section 7.7 Electron-Dot Structures and Resonanace

47) Which one of the following is expected to exhibit resonance?

A) NH4+
B) HCN
C) CO2
D) NO2-
Answer: D
Topic: Section 7.7 Electron-Dot Structures and Resonanace

48) Based on formal charge considerations, the electron-dot structure of CO32– ion has
A) two resonance structures involving two single bonds and one double bond.
B) two resonance structures involving one single bond and two double bonds.
C) three resonance structures involving two single bonds and one double bond.
D) three resonance structures involving one single bond and two double bonds.
Answer: C
Topic: Section 7.8 Formal Charges

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49) In the best Lewis structure for NO+, what is the formal charge on the N atom?
A) -1
B) 0
C) +1
D) +2
Answer: B
Topic: Section 7.8 Formal Charges

50) Two resonance forms for SOCl2 are given below.

Which is favored by the octet rule and which by formal charge considerations?
A) I is favored by the octet rule and by formal charge considerations.
B) I is favored by the octet rule and II by formal charge considerations.
C) II is favored by the octet rule and I by formal charge considerations.
D) II is favored by the octet rule and by formal charge considerations.
Answer: B
Topic: Section 7.8 Formal Charges

51) Assign formal charges to each atom in the resonance form for SOCl2 given below.

A) 0 for Cl, 0 for S, and 0 for O

B) 0 for Cl, +1 for S, and -1 for O
C) -1 for Cl, +4 for S, and -2 for O
D) -1 for Cl, -2 for S, and -2 for O
Answer: B
Topic: Section 7.8 Formal Charges

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52) Assign formal charges to each atom in the resonance form for SOCl2 given below.

A) 0 for Cl, 0 for S, and 0 for O

B) 0 for Cl, +1 for S, and -1 for O
C) -1 for Cl, +4 for S, and -2 for O
D) -1 for Cl, -2 for S, and -2 for O
Answer: A
Topic: Section 7.8 Formal Charges

53) Which electron dot structure for OCN- has a formal charge of -1 on the most electronegative atom?
A)

B)

C)

D)

Answer: B
Topic: Section 7.8 Formal Charges

54) Assign formal charges to all atoms in the following resonance form for HNO3.

A) 0 for all atoms

B) +1 for N, -1 for oxygen (c), 0 for all other atoms
C) +1 for N and H, -1 for oxygen (a) and oxygen (c), 0 for oxygen (b)
D) +1 for H, -2 for each oxygen, +5 for N
Answer: B
Topic: Section 7.8 Formal Charges

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55) How many double and single bonds are in the resonance form for SO2 in which the formal charges
on each atom are zero?
A) two single bonds and no double bonds
B) one single bond and one double bond
C) no single bonds and two double bonds
D) Each of these is possible.
Answer: C
Topic: Section 7.8 Formal Charges

56) Based on formal charges, what is the S—O bond order in SO42-?
A) 1
B) 1.3
C) 1.5
D) 2
Answer: C
Topic: Section 7.8 Formal Charges

57) A molecular compound that obeys the octet rule in which all atoms have a zero formal charge is
A) BaCl2
B) BrF3
C) NCl3
D) XeF4
Answer: C
Topic: Section 7.8 Formal Charges

58) What geometric arrangement of charge clouds is expected for an atom that has five charge clouds?
A) tetrahedral
B) square planar
C) trigonal bipyramidal
D) octahedral
Answer: C
Topic: Section 7.9 Molecular Shapes: The VSEPR Model

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59) Based on VSEPR theory, which should have the smallest XAX bond angle?
A)

B)

C)

D)

Answer: C
Topic: Section 7.9 Molecular Shapes: The VSEPR Model

60) Which of the following should be nonplanar?

A) only I
B) only II
C) only III
D) I and III
Answer: C
Topic: Section 7.9 Molecular Shapes: The VSEPR Model

61) What is the molecular geometry of BrF4-?

A) seesaw
B) square planar
C) square pyramidal
D) tetrahedral
Answer: B
Topic: Section 7.9 Molecular Shapes: The VSEPR Model

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62) Which of the following should be nonlinear?

A) only I
B) only II
C) only III
D) II and III
Answer: B
Topic: Section 7.9 Molecular Shapes: The VSEPR Model

63) What is the molecular geometry of AsCl3?

A) T-shaped
B) tetrahedral
C) trigonal planar
D) trigonal pyramidal
Answer: D
Topic: Section 7.9 Molecular Shapes: The VSEPR Model

64) What is the O-N-O bond angle in NO3-?

A) less than 109.5°
B) 109.5°
C) 120°
D) greater than 120°
Answer: C
Topic: Section 7.9 Molecular Shapes: The VSEPR Model

65) What is the molecular geometry of IF5?

A) octahedral
B) seesaw
C) square pyramidal
D) trigonal bipyramidal
Answer: C
Topic: Section 7.9 Molecular Shapes: The VSEPR Model

66) Which of the following best describes ICl2-? It has a molecular geometry that is
A) linear molecular shape with no lone pairs on the I atom.
B) linear molecular shape with lone pairs on the I atom.
C) non-linear molecular shape with no lone pairs on the I atom.
D) non-linear molecular shape with lone pairs on the I atom.
Answer: B
Topic: Section 7.9 Molecular Shapes: The VSEPR Model

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67) What is the molecular geometry of TeCl4?
A) seesaw
B) square planar
C) square pyramidal
D) tetrahedral
Answer: A
Topic: Section 7.9 Molecular Shapes: The VSEPR Model

68) What is the smallest bond angle in SF6?

A) 60°
B) 90°
C) 109.5°
D) 120°
Answer: B
Topic: Section 7.9 Molecular Shapes: The VSEPR Model

69) Arrange in order from the smallest to the largest bond angle: CH3+, NF3, NH4+, XeF4.
A) CH3+, NF3, NH4+, XeF4
B) NF3, NH4+, XeF4, CH3+
C) XeF4, NH4+, NF3, CH3+
D) XeF4, NF3, NH4+, CH3+
Answer: D
Topic: Section 7.9 Molecular Shapes: The VSEPR Model

70) The VSEPR model predicts the OOO bond angle in O3 to be

A) 90°.
B) 109.5°.
C) less than 120° but greater than 109.5°.
D) 120°.
Answer: C
Topic: Section 7.9 Molecular Shapes: The VSEPR Model

71) Which of the following is not a valence bond concept?

A) The greater the overlap between the orbitals on two atoms, the stronger the bond.
B) Lone pair electrons are in atomic orbitals or in hybrid atomic orbitals.
C) Atomic orbitals on two atoms may overlap to form antibonding orbitals.
D) A pair of electrons in a bond is shared by both atoms.
Answer: C
Topic: Section 7.10 Valence Bond Theory

72) A single sp3 hybrid orbital has

A) one lobe.
B) two lobes of equal size.
C) two lobes of unequal size.
D) four lobes of equal size.
Answer: C
Topic: Section 7.11 Hybridization and sp3 hybrid orbitals
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73) Which orbital hybridization is associated with a tetrahedral charge cloud arrangement?
A) sp
B) sp2
C) sp3
D) None of these
Answer: C
Topic: Section 7.11 Hybridization and sp3 hybrid orbitals

74) What is the angle between adjacent sp3 hybrid orbitals?

A) 90°
B) 109.5°
C) 120°
D) 180°
Answer: B
Topic: Section 7.11 Hybridization and sp3 hybrid orbitals

75) Which of the following is not true?

A) The sp3 hybrid orbitals are degenerate.
B) An sp3 hybrid orbital may hold a lone pair of electrons.
C) An sp3 hybrid orbital may form a sigma bond by overlap with an orbital on another atom.
D) An sp3 hybrid orbital may form a pi bond by overlap with an orbital on another atom.
Answer: D
Topic: Section 7.11 Hybridization and sp3 hybrid orbitals

76) The number of sp2 hybrid orbitals on the carbon atom in CO32– is
A) one.
B) two.
C) three.
D) four.
Answer: C
Topic: Section 7.12 Other Kinds of Hybrid Orbitals

77) A triple bond is generally composed of

A) three π bonds.
B) two π bonds and one σ bond.
C) one π bond and two σ bonds.
D) three σ bonds.
Answer: B
Topic: Section 7.12 Other Kinds of Hybrid Orbitals

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78) The orbital hybridization on the carbon atom in HCN is
A) sp.
B) sp2.
C) sp3.
D) None of these
Answer: A
Topic: Section 7.12 Other Kinds of Hybrid Orbitals

79) What orbital hybridization is expected for the central atom in a molecule with a trigonal planar
geometry?
A) sp
B) sp2
C) sp3
D) None of these
Answer: B
Topic: Section 7.12 Other Kinds of Hybrid Orbitals

80) Which of the following would be expected to have sp2 hybridization on atom A?

A) II
B) I and III
C) I, II, and III
D) I and IV
Answer: C
Topic: Section 7.12 Other Kinds of Hybrid Orbitals

81) The CO bond in COCl2 can be described as

A) a σ bond and a π bond, both involving sp hybrid orbitals on C.
B) a σ bond involving an sp hybrid orbital on C and a π bond involving a p orbital on C.
C) a σ bond and a π bond, both involving sp2 hybrid orbitals on C.
D) a σ bond involving an sp2 hybrid orbital on C and a π bond involving a p orbital on C.
Answer: D
Topic: Section 7.12 Other Kinds of Hybrid Orbitals

82) Which type of bond produces a charge cloud with a nodal plane containing the bond axis?
A) σ
B) π
C) σ and π
D) neither σ nor π
Answer: B
Topic: Section 7.12 Other Kinds of Hybrid Orbitals

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83) Which atomic orbitals are involved in bonding and which as lone pair orbitals for N2H2?

A) bonding: s on H, sp2 on N lone pair: p on N

2
B) bonding: sp on both H and N lone pair: p on N
C) bonding: s on H, p on N lone pair: sp2 on N
D) bonding: s on H, sp2 and p on N lone pair: sp2 on N
Answer: D
Topic: Section 7.12 Other Kinds of Hybrid Orbitals

84) What is the hybridization on the N atom in NO2- and in NO3-?

A) sp2 for NO2- and sp3 for NO3-
B) sp3 for NO2- and sp2 for NO3-
C) sp for NO2- and sp2 for NO3-
D) sp2 for both
Answer: D
Topic: Section 7.12 Other Kinds of Hybrid Orbitals

85) Which molecular orbital resembles a p-orbital?

A) σ
B) σ*
C) π
D) π*
Answer: B
Topic: Section 7.13 Molecular Orbital Theory: The Hydrogen Molecule

86) If an electron is added to H2 it would go into a

A) σ molecular orbital and strengthen the H–H bond.
B) σ molecular orbital and weaken the H–H bond.
C) σ* molecular orbital and strengthen the H–H bond.
D) σ* molecular orbital and weaken the H–H bond.
Answer: D
Topic: Section 7.13 Molecular Orbital Theory: The Hydrogen Molecule

87) Which molecular orbital resembles a d-orbital?

A) σ
B) σ*
C) π
D) π*
Answer: D
Topic: Section 7.14 Molecular Orbital Theory: Other Diatomic Molecules

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88) Compare the energies of molecular orbitals of homonuclear diatomic molecules with the energies of
the atomic orbitals with which they correlate.
A) Both bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals lie lower in energy than the atomic orbitals.
B) Bonding orbitals are lower and antibonding orbitals are higher in energy than the atomic orbitals.
C) Bonding orbitals are higher and antibonding orbitals are lower in energy than the atomic orbitals.
D) Both bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals are higher in energy than the atomic orbitals.
Answer: B
Topic: Section 7.14 Molecular Orbital Theory: Other Diatomic Molecules

89) Which molecular orbitals for homonuclear diatomic molecules are degenerate?
A) π molecular orbitals
B) σ molecular orbitals
C) π molecular orbitals and σ molecular orbitals
D) neither π molecular orbitals nor σ molecular orbitals
Answer: A
Topic: Section 7.14 Molecular Orbital Theory: Other Diatomic Molecules

90) The MO diagram below is appropriate for B2. Based on this diagram, B2

A) has a bond order of one and is diamagnetic.

B) has a bond order of one and is paramagnetic.
C) has a bond order of two and is diamagnetic.
D) has a bond order of two and is paramagnetic.
Answer: B
Topic: Section 7.14 Molecular Orbital Theory: Other Diatomic Molecules

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91) The following MO diagram is appropriate for Li2 and Be2. Based on this diagram,

A) both are stable and diamagnetic.

B) Li2 is stable and diamagnetic, but Be2 is unstable.
C) Be2 is stable and diamagnetic, but Li2 is unstable.
D) Be2 is stable and paramagnetic, but Li2 is unstable.
Answer: B
Topic: Section 7.14 Molecular Orbital Theory: Other Diatomic Molecules

92) Given that O2 is paramagnetic and has a bond order of 2, and its highest occupied molecular orbital
is antibonding, what would be the expected bond orders for O22- and O22+?
A) 1 for O22- and 3 for O22+
B) 3/2 for O22- and 5/2 for O22+
C) 5/2 for O22- and 3/2 for O22+
D) 3 for O22- and 1 for O22+
Answer: A
Topic: Section 7.14 Molecular Orbital Theory: Other Diatomic Molecules

93) The paramagnetism of O2 is explained by

A) coordinate covalent bonding.
B) molecular orbital theory.
C) resonance.
D) valence bond theory.
Answer: B
Topic: Section 7.14 Molecular Orbital Theory: Other Diatomic Molecules

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94) Use the following MO diagram for Be2, Be2+, and Be2-. Based on this diagram,

A) Be2+ is more stable than Be2, and Be2 is more stable than Be2-.
B) Be2- is more stable than Be2, and Be2 is more stable than Be2+.
C) Be2+ and Be2- are both more stable than Be2.
D) Be2 is more stable than either Be2+ or Be2-.
Answer: C
Topic: Section 7.14 Molecular Orbital Theory: Other Diatomic Molecules

95) Which statement concerning any homonuclear diatomic molecule and its 1- ion must be true?
A) X2 must be more stable than X2-.
B) X2 must be less stable than X2-.
C) X2- must be paramagnetic and X2 must be diamagnetic.
D) X2- must be paramagnetic and X2 may be paramagnetic or diamagnetic.
Answer: D
Topic: Section 7.14 Molecular Orbital Theory: Other Diatomic Molecules

96) Which is paramagnetic?

A) N22+
B) N22-
C) O22+
D) O22-
Answer: B
Topic: Section 7.14 Molecular Orbital Theory: Other Diatomic Molecules

97) Based on molecular orbital theory, in order to weaken the N—N bond in N2, electrons should be
A) added.
B) removed.
C) either added or removed.
D) neither added nor removed.
Answer: C
Topic: Section 7.14 Molecular Orbital Theory: Other Diatomic Molecules

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98) In which will the O—O bond be made stronger by removing an electron?
A) Only O2
B) Only O2-
C) Only O22-
D) All of these
Answer: D
Topic: Section 7.14 Molecular Orbital Theory: Other Diatomic Molecules

99) Molecular orbitals extending over more than two atoms provide an explanation for
A) coordinate covalent bonding.
B) ionic bonding.
C) paramagnetism.
D) resonance.
Answer: D
Topic: Section 7.15 Combining Valence Bond and Molecular Orbital Theory

100) The SO3 molecule can be described as having 3 SO σ bonds and π molecular orbitals containing
A) 2 electrons.
B) 4 electrons.
C) 6 electrons.
D) 8 electrons.
Answer: C
Topic: Section 7.15 Combining Valence Bond and Molecular Orbital Theory

101) Which is the best description of the bonding in NO3-?

A) 3 NO σ bonds and no NO π bonds
B) 3 NO σ bonds and 3 NO π bonds
C) no NO σ bonds and delocalized NO π molecular orbitals extending over all four atoms
D) 3 NO σ bonds and delocalized NO π molecular orbitals extending over all four atoms
Answer: D
Topic: Section 7.15 Combining Valence Bond and Molecular Orbital Theory

102) What is the geometry around the central atom in the following molecular model of BCl 3?

A) linear
B) bent
C) trigonal planar
D) trigonal pyramidal
Answer: C
Topic: Conceptual Problems

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103) What is the geometry around the central atom in the following molecular model of NO 3-?

A) linear
B) bent
C) trigonal planar
D) trigonal pyramidal
Answer: C
Topic: Conceptual Problems

104) What is the geometry around the central atom in the following molecular model of SO 2?

A) linear
B) bent
C) trigonal planar
D) trigonal pyramidal
Answer: B
Topic: Conceptual Problems

105) What is the geometry around the central atom in the following molecular model of NO 2-?

A) linear
B) bent
C) trigonal planar
D) trigonal pyramidal
Answer: B
Topic: Conceptual Problems

106) What is the geometry around the central atom in the following molecular model of H2S?

A) linear
B) bent
C) trigonal pyramidal
D) tetrahedral
Answer: B
Topic: Conceptual Problems

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107) What is the geometry around the central atom in the following molecular model of NH 2-?

A) linear
B) bent
C) trigonal pyramidal
D) tetrahedral
Answer: B
Topic: Conceptual Problems

108) What is the geometry around the central atom in the following molecular model of PH 3?

A) linear
B) bent
C) trigonal pyramidal
D) tetrahedral
Answer: C
Topic: Conceptual Problems

109) What is the geometry around the central atom in the following molecular model of SO 32-?

A) linear
B) bent
C) trigonal pyramidal
D) tetrahedral
Answer: C
Topic: Conceptual Problems

110) What is the geometry around the central atom in the following molecular model of H3O+?

A) linear
B) bent
C) trigonal pyramidal
D) tetrahedral
Answer: C
Topic: Conceptual Problems

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111) What is the geometry around the central atom in the following molecular model of CCl 4?

A) linear
B) bent
C) trigonal pyramidal
D) tetrahedral
Answer: D
Topic: Conceptual Problems

112) What is the geometry around the central atom in the following molecular model of NH 4+?

A) linear
B) bent
C) trigonal pyramidal
D) tetrahedral
Answer: D
Topic: Conceptual Problems

113) What is the geometry around the central atom in the following molecular model of PF 5?

A) trigonal bipyramidal
B) seesaw
C) T-shaped
D) linear
Answer: A
Topic: Conceptual Problems

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114) What is the geometry around the central atom in the following molecular model of SCl 4?

A) trigonal bipyramidal
B) seesaw
C) T-shaped
D) linear
Answer: B
Topic: Conceptual Problems

115) What is the geometry around the central atom in the following molecular model of BrF 3?

A) trigonal bipyramidal
B) seesaw
C) T-shaped
D) linear
Answer: C
Topic: Conceptual Problems

116) What is the geometry around the central atom in the following molecular model of XeF2?

A) trigonal bipyramidal
B) seesaw
C) T-shaped
D) linear
Answer: D
Topic: Conceptual Problems

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117) What is the geometry around the central atom in the following molecular model of I 3-?

A) trigonal bipyramidal
B) seesaw
C) T-shaped
D) linear
Answer: D
Topic: Conceptual Problems

118) What is the geometry around the central atom in the following molecular model of SF 6?

A) trigonal bipyramidal
B) octahedral
C) square pyramidal
D) square planar
Answer: B
Topic: Conceptual Problems

119) What is the geometry around the central atom in the following molecular model of PF 6-?

A) trigonal bipyramidal
B) octahedral
C) square pyramidal
D) square planar
Answer: B
Topic: Conceptual Problems

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120) What is the geometry around the central atom in the following molecular model of BrF 5?

A) trigonal bipyramidal
B) octahedral
C) square pyramidal
D) square planar
Answer: C
Topic: Conceptual Problems

121) What is the geometry around the central atom in the following molecular model of TeF 5-?

A) trigonal bipyramidal
B) octahedral
C) square pyramidal
D) square planar
Answer: C
Topic: Conceptual Problems

122) What is the geometry around the central atom in the following molecular model of XeF4?

A) trigonal bipyramidal
B) octahedral
C) square pyramidal
D) square planar
Answer: D
Topic: Conceptual Problems

123) What is the geometry around the central atom in the following molecular model of ICl 4-?

A) trigonal bipyramidal
B) octahedral
C) square pyramidal
D) square planar
Answer: D
Topic: Conceptual Problems

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124) What are the bond angles in the following molecular model of BCl3?

A) less than 109.5°

B) 109.5°
C) less than 120° but greater than 109.5°
D) 120°
Answer: D
Topic: Conceptual Problems

125) What are the bond angles in the following molecular model of NO3-?

A) less than 109.5°

B) 109.5°
C) less than 120° but greater than 109.5°
D) 120°
Answer: D
Topic: Conceptual Problems

126) What is the bond angle in the following molecular model of SO2?

A) less than 109.5°

B) 109.5°
C) less than 120° but greater than 109.5°
D) 120°
Answer: C
Topic: Conceptual Problems

127) What is the bond angle in the following molecular model of NO2-?

A) less than 109.5°

B) 109.5°
C) less than 120° but greater than 109.5°
D) 120°
Answer: C
Topic: Conceptual Problems

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128) What is the bond angle in the following molecular model of H2S?

A) less than 109.5°

B) 109.5°
C) less than 120° but greater than 109.5°
D) 120°
Answer: A
Topic: Conceptual Problems

129) What is the bond angle in the following molecular model of NH2-?

A) less than 109.5°

B) 109.5°
C) less than 120° but greater than 109.5°
D) 120°
Answer: A
Topic: Conceptual Problems

130) What are the bond angles in the following molecular model of PH3?

A) less than 109.5°

B) 109.5°
C) less than 120° but greater than 109.5°
D) 120°
Answer: A
Topic: Conceptual Problems

131) What are the bond angles in the following molecular model of SO32-?

A) less than 109.5°

B) 109.5°
C) less than 120° but greater than 109.5°
D) 120°
Answer: A
Topic: Conceptual Problems

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132) What are the bond angles in the following molecular model of H3O+?

A) less than 109.5°

B) 109.5°
C) less than 120° but greater than 109.5°
D) 120°
Answer: A
Topic: Conceptual Problems

133) What are the bond angles in the following molecular model of CCl4?

A) less than 109.5°

B) 109.5°
C) less than 120° but greater than 109.5°
D) 120°
Answer: B
Topic: Conceptual Problems

134) What are the bond angles in the following molecular model of NH4+?

A) less than 109.5°

B) 109.5°
C) less than 120° but greater than 109.5°
D) 120°
Answer: B
Topic: Conceptual Problems

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135) What are the bond angles in the following molecular model of PF5?

A) some less than 90° and one less than 180°

B) 90° and 180°
C) some less than 90° and some less than 120° but greater than 90°, and one less than 180° but greater
than 120°
D) 90°, 120°, and 180°
Answer: D
Topic: Conceptual Problems

136) What are the bond angles in the following molecular model of SCl4?

A) some less than 90° and one less than 180°

B) 90° and 180°
C) some less than 90° one less than 120° but greater than 90°, and one less than 180° but greater than
120°
D) 90°, 120°, and 180°
Answer: C
Topic: Conceptual Problems

137) What are the bond angles in the following molecular model of BrF3?

A) two less than 90° and one less than 180° but greater than 90°
B) 90° and 180°
C) two less than 90° and one less than 120° but greater than 90°
D) 90° and 120°
Answer: A
Topic: Conceptual Problems

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138) What is the bond angle in the following molecular model of XeF2?

A) less than 120°

B) 120°
C) less than 180° but greater than 120°
D) 180°
Answer: D
Topic: Conceptual Problems

139) What is the bond angle in the following molecular model of I3-?

A) less than 120°

B) 120°
C) less than 180° but greater than 120°
D) 180°
Answer: D
Topic: Conceptual Problems

140) What are the bond angles in the following molecular model of SF6?

A) some less than 90° and some less than 120° but greater than 90°
B) 90° and 120°
C) some less than 90° and some less than 180° but greater than 120°
D) 90° and 180°
Answer: D
Topic: Conceptual Problems

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141) What are the bond angles in the following molecular model of PF6-?

A) some less than 90° and some less than 120° but greater than 90°
B) 90° and 120°
C) some less than 90° and some less than 180° but greater than 120°
D) 90° and 180°
Answer: D
Topic: Conceptual Problems

142) What are the bond angles in the following molecular model of BrF5?

A) some less than 90° and some less than 120° but greater than 90°
B) 90° and 120°
C) some less than 90° and some less than 180° but greater than 120°
D) 90° and 180°
Answer: C
Topic: Conceptual Problems

143) What are the bond angles in the following molecular model of TeF5-?

A) some less than 90° and some less than 120° but greater than 90°
B) 90° and 120°
C) some less than 90° and some less than 180° but greater than 120°
D) 90° and 180°
Answer: C
Topic: Conceptual Problems

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144) What are the bond angles in the following molecular model of XeF4?

A) some less than 90° and some less than 120° but greater than 90°
B) 90°
C) some less than 90° and some less than 180° but greater than 90°
D) 90° and 180°
Answer: D
Topic: Conceptual Problems

145) What are the bond angles in the following molecular model of ICl4-?

A) some less than 90° and some less than 120° but greater than 90°
B) 90°
C) some less than 90° and some less than 180° but greater than 90°
D) 90° and 180°
Answer: D
Topic: Conceptual Problems

146) Shown below is a model of CH4 having an orientation in which one or more atoms are hidden from
view. What is the indicated bond angle?

A) less than 109.5°

B) 109.5°
C) less than 120° but greater than 109.5°
D) 120°
Answer: B
Topic: Conceptual Problems

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147) Shown below is a model of SiCl4 having an orientation in which one or more atoms are hidden
from view. What is the indicated bond angle?

A) less than 109.5°

B) 109.5°
C) less than 120° but greater than 109.5°
D) 120°
Answer: B
Topic: Conceptual Problems

148) Shown below is a model of PF5 having an orientation in which one or more atoms are hidden from
view. What is the indicated bond angle?

A) less than 109.5°

B) 109.5°
C) less than 120° but greater than 109.5°
D) 120°
Answer: D
Topic: Conceptual Problems

149) Shown below is a model of SF6 having an orientation in which one or more atoms are hidden from
view. What is the indicated bond angle?

A) 90°
B) less than 109.5° but greater than 90°
C) less than 120° but greater than 109.5°
D) 120°
Answer: A
Topic: Conceptual Problems

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150) Identify the set of hybrid orbitals shown below.

A) sp
B) sp2
C) sp3
D) None of these
Answer: A
Topic: Conceptual Problems

151) Identify the set of hybrid orbitals shown below.

A) sp
B) sp2
C) sp3
D) None of these
Answer: B
Topic: Conceptual Problems

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152) Identify the set of hybrid orbitals shown below.

A) sp
B) sp2
C) sp3
D) None of these
Answer: C
Topic: Conceptual Problems

153) Which molecule has a central atom that uses the set of hybrid orbitals shown below to form bonds
with the non-central atoms?

A) H2O
B) CO2
C) NO2-
D) ICl2-
Answer: B
Topic: Conceptual Problems

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154) Which molecule has a central atom that uses the set of hybrid orbitals shown below to form bonds
with the non-central atoms?

A) H2O
B) CO2
C) NO2-
D) ICl2-
Answer: C
Topic: Conceptual Problems

155) Which molecule has a central atom that uses the set of hybrid orbitals shown below to form bonds
with the non-central atoms?

A) H2O
B) CO2
C) NO2-
D) ICl2-
Answer: A
Topic: Conceptual Problems

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The following ball-and-stick molecular model is a representation of the amino acid alanine (unshaded
spheres = H). Only the connections between atoms are shown; multiple bonds and nonbonded electrons
are not indicated.

156) In order to complete an electron-dot structure of alanine, the nitrogen atom needs
A) 1 additional bond and 1 nonbonded pair of electrons.
B) 1 additional bond and 2 nonbonded pairs of electrons.
C) 1 nonbonded pair of electrons.
D) 2 nonbonded pairs of electrons.
Answer: C
Topic: Conceptual Problems

157) In order to complete an electron-dot structure of alanine, the oxygen atom labeled O 1 needs
A) 1 additional bond and 1 nonbonded pair of electrons.
B) 1 additional bond and 2 nonbonded pairs of electrons.
C) 1 nonbonded pair of electrons.
D) 2 nonbonded pairs of electrons.
Answer: B
Topic: Conceptual Problems

158) In order to complete an electron-dot structure of alanine, the oxygen atom labeled O 2 needs
A) 1 additional bond and 1 nonbonded pair of electrons.
B) 1 additional bond and 2 nonbonded pairs of electrons.
C) 1 nonbonded pair of electrons.
D) 2 nonbonded pairs of electrons.
Answer: D
Topic: Conceptual Problems

159) What is the hybridization of the carbon atom labeled C1?

A) sp
B) sp2
C) sp3
D) None of these
Answer: C
Topic: Conceptual Problems

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160) What is the hybridization of the carbon atom labeled C2?
A) sp
B) sp2
C) sp3
D) None of these
Answer: C
Topic: Conceptual Problems

161) What is the hybridization of the carbon atom labeled C3?

A) sp
B) sp2
C) sp3
D) None of these
Answer: B
Topic: Conceptual Problems

162) What is the hybridization of the oxygen atom labeled O1?

A) sp
B) sp2
C) sp3
D) None of these
Answer: B
Topic: Conceptual Problems

163) What is the hybridization of the oxygen atom labeled O2?

A) sp
B) sp2
C) sp3
D) None of these
Answer: C
Topic: Conceptual Problems

164) What is the hybridization of the nitrogen atom?

A) sp
B) sp2
C) sp3
D) None of these
Answer: C
Topic: Conceptual Problems

165) What is geometry around the carbon atom labeled C1?

A) bent
B) tetrahedral
C) trigonal planar
D) trigonal pyramidal
Answer: B

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Topic: Conceptual Problems

166) What is geometry around the carbon atom labeled C2?

A) bent
B) tetrahedral
C) trigonal planar
D) trigonal pyramidal
Answer: B
Topic: Conceptual Problems

167) What is geometry around the carbon atom labeled C3?

A) bent
B) tetrahedral
C) trigonal planar
D) trigonal pyramidal
Answer: C
Topic: Conceptual Problems

168) What is geometry around the oxygen atom labeled O2?

A) bent
B) tetrahedral
C) trigonal planar
D) trigonal pyramidal
Answer: A
Topic: Conceptual Problems

169) What is geometry around the nitrogen atom?

A) bent
B) tetrahedral
C) trigonal planar
D) trigonal pyramidal
Answer: D
Topic: Conceptual Problems

170) A molecular model of NO3- is shown below. Based on the best Lewis electron-dot structure for
NO3- and formal charge considerations, what is the predicted N-O bond order for each N-O bond?

A) 1
B) 1.33
C) 1.5
D) 2
Answer: B
Topic: Conceptual Problems

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171) A molecular model of BCl3 is shown below. Based on the best Lewis electron-dot structure for
BCl3 and formal charge considerations, what is the predicted B-Cl bond order for each B-Cl bond?

A) 1
B) 1.33
C) 1.5
D) 2
Answer: A
Topic: Conceptual Problems

172) A molecular model of BeCl2 is shown below. Based on the best Lewis electron-dot structure for
BeCl2 and formal charge considerations, what is the predicted Be-Cl bond order for each Be-Cl bond?

A) 1
B) 1.33
C) 1.5
D) 2
Answer: A
Topic: Conceptual Problems

173) A molecular model of SO42- is shown below. Based on the best Lewis electron-dot structure for
SO42- and formal charge considerations, what is the predicted S-O bond order for each S-O bond?

A) 1
B) 1.33
C) 1.5
D) 2
Answer: C
Topic: Conceptual Problems

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174) Electrostatic potential maps use color to portray the calculated electron distribution in a molecule.
Atoms that are electron poor and carry a δ+ charge are shown in blue. Atoms that are electron rich and
carry a δ- charge are shown in red. Atoms with little or no charge are shown in green. The electrostatic
potential map of H2O below should show

A) H blue and O red.

B) H blue and O green.
C) H green and O blue.
D) H red and O blue.
Answer: A
Topic: Conceptual Problems

175) Electrostatic potential maps use color to portray the calculated electron distribution in a molecule.
Atoms that are electron poor and carry a δ+ charge are shown in blue. Atoms that are electron rich and
carry a δ- charge are shown in red. Atoms with little or no charge are shown in green. The electrostatic
potential map of CH3Cl below should show

A) C blue and Cl red.

B) C blue and Cl green.
C) C green and Cl blue.
D) C red and Cl blue.
Answer: A
Topic: Conceptual Problems

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176) Electrostatic potential maps use color to portray the calculated electron distribution in a molecule.
Atoms that are electron poor and carry a δ+ charge are shown in blue. Atoms that are electron rich and
carry a δ- charge are shown in red. Atoms with little or no charge are shown in green. The electrostatic
potential map of CH3Li below should show

A) C blue and Li red.

B) C blue and Li green.
C) C green and Li blue.
D) C red and Li blue.
Answer: D
Topic: Conceptual Problems

177) Which drawing represents a σ bonding molecular orbital for a homonuclear diatomic molecule?
A)

B)

C)

D)

Answer: D
Topic: Conceptual Problems

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178) Which drawing represents a σ* antibonding molecular orbital for a homonuclear diatomic
molecule?
A)

B)

C)

D)

Answer: B
Topic: Conceptual Problems

179) Which drawing represents a π* antibonding molecular orbital for a homonuclear diatomic
molecule?
A)

B)

C)

D)

Answer: C
Topic: Conceptual Problems

180) Which drawing represents a π bonding molecular orbital for a homonuclear diatomic molecule?
A)

B)

C)

D)

Answer: A
Topic: Conceptual Problems

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181) Which drawing represents the molecular orbital containing the highest energy electrons in the H 2
molecule in its ground state?
A)

B)

C)

D)

Answer: D
Topic: Conceptual Problems

182) Which drawing represents the molecular orbital containing the highest energy electrons in the O 2
molecule in its ground state?
A)

B)

C)

D)

Answer: C
Topic: Conceptual Problems

183) Which drawing represents the lowest energy unoccupied molecular orbital in the N2 molecule in
its ground state?
A)

B)

C)

D)

Answer: C
Topic: Conceptual Problems
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184) Which drawing represents the molecular orbital containing the highest energy electrons in the F 2
molecule in its ground state?
A)

B)

C)

D)

Answer: C
Topic: Conceptual Problems

185) Which drawing represents the molecular orbital containing the highest energy electrons in the O 22-
molecular ion in its the ground state?
A)

B)

C)

D)

Answer: C
Topic: Conceptual Problems

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7.2 Algorithmic Questions

1) Of the following elements, which has the highest electronegativity?

A) S
B) Cl
C) Ti
D) Se
Answer: B
Topic: Section 7.4 Polar Covalent Bonds: Electronegativity

2) Of the following elements, which has the lowest electronegativity?

A) Sr
B) I
C) Ba
D) At
Answer: C
Topic: Section 7.4 Polar Covalent Bonds: Electronegativity

3) The electronegativity is 2.1 for H and 1.9 for Pb. Based on these electronegativities PbH4 would be
expected to
A) be ionic and contain H- ions.
B) be ionic and contain H+ ions.
C) have polar covalent bonds with a partial negative charges on the H atoms.
D) have polar covalent bonds with a partial positive charges on the H atoms.
Answer: C
Topic: Section 7.4 Polar Covalent Bonds: Electronegativity

4) The compound ClF contains

A) ionic bonds.
B) nonpolar covalent bonds.
C) polar covalent bonds with partial negative charges on the F atoms.
D) polar covalent bonds with partial negative charges on the Cl atoms.
Answer: C
Topic: Section 7.4 Polar Covalent Bonds: Electronegativity

5) The phosphorus atom in PCl3 would be expected to have a

A) partial positive (δ+) charge.
B) partial negative (δ-) charge.
C) 3+ charge.
D) 3- charge.
Answer: A
Topic: Section 7.4 Polar Covalent Bonds: Electronegativity

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6) The iodine atom in I2 would be expected to have a
A) charge of 1-.
B) partial charge δ-.
C) partial charge δ+.
D) charge of 0.
Answer: D
Topic: Section 7.4 Polar Covalent Bonds: Electronegativity

7) How many lone pairs of electrons are on the As atom in As Cl3?

A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
Answer: B
Topic: Section 7.6 Electron-Dot Structures of Polyatomic Molecules

8) Which element can expand its valence shell to accommodate more than eight electrons?
A) N
B) O
C) Br
D) He
Answer: C
Topic: Section 7.6 Electron-Dot Structures of Polyatomic Molecules

9) Which of the following contains an atom that does not obey the octet rule?
A) CsI
B) SnO2
C) ClF5
D) ClF
Answer: C
Topic: Section 7.6 Electron-Dot Structures of Polyatomic Molecules

10) How many lone pairs of electrons are on the S atom in SF4 ?
A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
Answer: B
Topic: Section 7.6 Electron-Dot Structures of Polyatomic Molecules

11) How many lone pairs are on the Br atom in BrCl2-?

A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
Answer: D
Topic: Section 7.6 Electron-Dot Structures of Polyatomic Molecules

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12) In the best Lewis structure for NO +, what is the formal charge on the N atom?
A) -1
B) 0
C) +1
D) +2
Answer: B
Topic: Section 7.8 Formal Charges

13) What geometric arrangement of charge clouds is expected for an atom that has four charge clouds?
A) trigonal bipyramidal
B) octahedral
C) tetrahedral
D) square planar
Answer: C
Topic: Section 7.9 Molecular Shapes: The VSEPR Model

14) What is the molecular geometry of Cl F4-?

A) seesaw
B) square planar
C) square pyramidal
D) tetrahedral
Answer: B
Topic: Section 7.9 Molecular Shapes: The VSEPR Model

15) What is the molecular geometry of N Cl3?

A) T-shaped
B) tetrahedral
C) trigonal planar
D) trigonal pyramidal
Answer: D
Topic: Section 7.9 Molecular Shapes: The VSEPR Model

16) What is the OBO bond angle in BO33-?

A) less than 109.5°
B) 109.5°
C) 120°
D) greater than 120°
Answer: C
Topic: Section 7.9 Molecular Shapes: The VSEPR Model

17) What is the molecular geometry of SF5-?

A) octahedral
B) seesaw
C) square pyramidal
D) trigonal bipyramidal
Answer: C
Topic: Section 7.9 Molecular Shapes: The VSEPR Model

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18) Which of the following best describes Cl F2-? It has a molecular geometry that is
A) linear with no lone pairs on the Cl atom.
B) linear with lone pairs on the Cl atom.
C) nonlinear with no lone pairs on the Cl atom.
D) nonlinear with lone pairs on the Cl atom.
Answer: B
Topic: Section 7.9 Molecular Shapes: The VSEPR Model

19) What is the molecular geometry of Te Cl4?

A) seesaw
B) square planar
C) square pyramidal
D) tetrahedral
Answer: A
Topic: Section 7.9 Molecular Shapes: The VSEPR Model

20) What are the FPoF bond angles in PoF6 ?

A) 60°
B) 90°
C) 109.5°
D) 120°
Answer: B
Topic: Section 7.9 Molecular Shapes: The VSEPR Model

21) The VSEPR model predicts the HOH bond angle in H3O+ to be
A) 60°.
B) 90°.
C) less than 109.5° but greater than 90°.
D) 109.5°.
Answer: C
Topic: Section 7.9 Molecular Shapes: The VSEPR Model

22) The orbital hybridization on the carbon atom in C2H2 is

A) sp.
B) sp2.
C) sp3.
D) sp3d2.
Answer: A
Topic: Section 7.12 Other Kinds of Hybrid Orbitals

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7.3 Short Answer Questions

1) Among the compounds H3C–CH3, H2C=CH2, and HCCH, the compound with the strongest
carbon-carbon bond is ________, and the compound with the longest carbon-carbon bond is ________.
Answer: HCCH, H3C–CH3
Topic: Section 7.2 Strengths of Covalent Bonds

2) Ionic compounds consist of a single three-dimensional network of ions that are attracted to one
another by strong ________ and usually exist in the solid state at room temperature, whereas covalent
compounds consist of molecules that are attracted to one another by weak ________ and can exist in
gaseous, liquid, or solid state at room temperature.
Answer: ionic bonds, intermolecular forces.
Topic: Section 7.3 A Comparison of Ionic and Covalent Compounds

3) Which compound is most likely to exist as a gas at room temperature?

Answer: polar covalent
Topic: Section 7.4 Polar Covalent Bonds: Electronegativity

4) Classify bonds in As4 as largely ionic, nonpolar covalent, or polar covalent.

Answer: nonpolar covalent
Topic: Section 7.4 Polar Covalent Bonds: Electronegativity

5) Classify bonds in CaO as largely ionic, nonpolar covalent, or polar covalent.

Answer: largely ionic
Topic: Section 7.4 Polar Covalent Bonds: Electronegativity

6) Using only the elements Ba, Cl, and P, give the formula of a compound having largely ionic bonds.
Answer: BaCl2
Topic: Section 7.4 Polar Covalent Bonds: Electronegativity

7) Using only the elements Ba, F, and P, give the formula of a compound having largely polar covalent
bonds.
Answer: PF3 or PF5
Topic: Section 7.4 Polar Covalent Bonds: Electronegativity

8) Of the bonds C–C, C–N, C–O, and C–F, the bond that is most polar is ________.
Answer: C–F
Topic: Section 7.4 Polar Covalent Bonds: Electronegativity

9) The Lewis electron-dot structure of N2 has ________ nonbonding electrons pairs, ________ bonding
electron pairs, and a bond order of ________.
Answer: two, three, 3
Topic: Section 7.5 Electron-Dot Structures

10) The Lewis electron-dot structure of H2CO has ________ nonbonding electron pairs, ________
bonding electron pairs, and a carbon-oxygen bond order of ________.
Answer: two, four, 2
Topic: Section 7.6 Electron-Dot Structures of Polyatomic Molecules
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11) Of H2CO and CO and CO2, the compound having the strongest C—O bond is ________.
Answer: CO
Topic: Section 7.6 Electron-Dot Structures of Polyatomic Molecules

12) The number of Lewis electron dot resonance structures required to describe NO2– is ________.
Answer: two
Topic: Section 7.7 Electron-Dot Structures and Resonanace

13) Based on formal charges, the best Lewis electron-dot structure of BF3 has a B–F bond order equal to
________.
Answer: 1
Topic: Section 7.8 Formal Charges

14) Based on formal charges, the P—O bond order in POCl3 is expected to be ________.
Answer: 2
Topic: Section 7.8 Formal Charges

15) The molecular geometry of COCl2 is ________.

Answer: trigonal planar
Topic: Section 7.9 Molecular Shapes: The VSEPR Model

16) Of XeF2 and XeF4, the one with the smaller bond angles is ________.
Answer: XeF4
Topic: Section 7.9 Molecular Shapes: The VSEPR Model

17) Of BrF3 and PF3, the one with the smaller bond angles is ________.
Answer: BrF3
Topic: Section 7.9 Molecular Shapes: The VSEPR Model

18) Of NH4+ and NH4– the one with the smaller bond angles is ________.
Answer: NH4–
Topic: Section 7.9 Molecular Shapes: The VSEPR Model

19) The hybrid orbital used by nitrogen to overlap with the 1s orbital of hydrogen in CH3NH2 is
________.
Answer: sp3
Topic: Section 7.11 Hybridization and sp3 hybrid orbitals

20) The carbon-carbon bond in C2H2 contains ________ σ and ________ π bonds.
Answer: one, two
Topic: Section 7.12 Other Kinds of Hybrid Orbitals

21) The hybrid orbital used by carbon to overlap with hydrogen in C2H2 is ________.
Answer: sp
Topic: Section 7.12 Other Kinds of Hybrid Orbitals
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22) According to molecular orbital theory, is the highest energy orbital that contains an electron
antibonding or bonding in O22– ?
Answer: antibonding
Topic: Section 7.14 Molecular Orbital Theory: Other Diatomic Molecules

23) When an electron is added to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of N2, the electron is added to
a(n) ________ (antibonding, bonding) molecular orbital and the NN bond order will ________
(decrease, increase).
Answer: antibonding, decrease
Topic: Section 7.14 Molecular Orbital Theory: Other Diatomic Molecules

24) Predict whether removing two electrons from F2 will create an ion that is diamagnetic or
paramagnetic and have an F–F that is stronger or weaker than the bond in F2.
Answer: paramagnetic, stronger
Topic: Section 7.14 Molecular Orbital Theory: Other Diatomic Molecules

25) Are the π-bonds in CH3CO2- delocalized or localized?

Answer: delocalized
Topic: Section 7.15 Combining Valence Bond Theory and Molecular Orbital Theory

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