UNIT I – CLIENT/SERVER TECHNOLOGY
Introduction
Client/Server is a computing model where:
Client requests services
Server provides services
Used in modern applications like banking systems, web apps, etc.
Benefits of Client/Server
Improved performance
Scalability
Flexibility
Easy maintenance
Better resource utilization
Downsizing, Upsizing, Right Sizing
Downsizing → Moving from large systems to smaller computers
Upsizing → Moving to more powerful systems
Right sizing → Selecting optimal system based on needs
Client/Server Models
Distributed Presentation – UI shared between client and server
Remote Presentation – UI handled by client
Remote Data – Data managed by server
Distributed Logic – Processing shared
Distributed Data – Data stored at multiple locations
Client/Server Architecture
Technical Architecture
Focuses on hardware, networks, and software
Application Architecture
Focuses on application design and interaction
Two-Tier Architecture
Client + Server
Direct communication
Example: Client ↔ Database
Three-Tier Architecture
Presentation layer
Application layer
Database layer
More secure and scalable
OLTP (Online Transaction Processing)
Handles real-time transactions
Example: ATM transactions
N-Tier Architecture
Multiple layers
Used in large-scale applications
Improves performance and flexibility
UNIT II – VISUAL BASIC BASICS
Introduction to Visual Basic
Visual Basic (VB) is a programming language used for developing Windows applications.
Steps in VB Application Development
Design interface
Set properties
Write code
Run and test
IDE (Integrated Development Environment)
Components:
Menu Bar
Tool Bar
Project Explorer
Properties Window
Toolbox
Properties, Methods, Events
Properties → Characteristics (color, size)
Methods → Actions (open, close)
Events → User actions (click, load)
Event-Driven Programming
Program executes based on user actions like clicks and inputs.
Forms
Main window for application interface.
Variables & Scope
Store data values
Scope: Local, Global
Constants
Fixed values that do not change.
Data Types
Integer
String
Boolean
Date
UNIT III – PROGRAMMING CONCEPTS
Functions & Procedures
Function → Returns value
Procedure → Performs task
Control Structures
If → Conditional statement
Select Case → Multiple conditions
For Loop → Repetition
While Loop
Do While Loop
Arrays
Collection of similar data types.
User Defined Data Types
Custom data types created by user.
Data Type Conversion
Changing one data type to another.
Operators
Arithmetic (+, -, *)
Relational (<, >)
Logical (AND, OR)
String Functions
Len(), Mid(), Left(), Right()
Date & Time Functions
Now(), Date(), Time()
UNIT IV – CONTROLS & INTERFACE DESIGN
Standard Controls
Label
TextBox
Command Button
CheckBox
Option Button
Advanced Controls
List Box
Combo Box
Picture Box
Image Control
Scroll Bars
File Controls
Drive List Box
Directory List Box
Other Controls
Timer Control
Frame
Shape
Line
Control Arrays
Group of controls with same name.
Dialog Boxes
Used for user interaction (open, save).
SDI & MDI
SDI → Single document interface
MDI → Multiple document interface
Menus
Created using Menu Editor
Used for navigation
UNIT V – DATABASE PROGRAMMING
Data Controls
Used to connect application with database.
Data Access Objects (DAO)
Used to access and manipulate databases.
Recordset
Collection of records from database.
Types of Recordset
Table type
Dynaset type
Snapshot type
Recordset Operations
Create
Modify
Delete
Search records
Data Environment
Manages database connections.
Data Report
Used to generate reports.
Report Designer
Tool to design reports.
Connection Object
Used to connect to database.
Command Object
Executes database commands.
Sections of Data Report
Header
Detail
Footer
Data Report Controls
Labels
Text fields
Images