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VLAN InterVLAN Routing Notes

The document explains VLANs (Virtual LANs) as logical networks within a physical switch, with each VLAN being a separate broadcast domain. It details the use of access and trunk ports for connecting devices and routing traffic between VLANs, specifically through the 'Router-on-a-Stick' method, which utilizes subinterfaces for inter-VLAN routing. Additionally, it outlines key dependencies for proper configuration and common issues that may arise, such as wrong VLAN assignments and missing trunks.

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4 views3 pages

VLAN InterVLAN Routing Notes

The document explains VLANs (Virtual LANs) as logical networks within a physical switch, with each VLAN being a separate broadcast domain. It details the use of access and trunk ports for connecting devices and routing traffic between VLANs, specifically through the 'Router-on-a-Stick' method, which utilizes subinterfaces for inter-VLAN routing. Additionally, it outlines key dependencies for proper configuration and common issues that may arise, such as wrong VLAN assignments and missing trunks.

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iftikhn471
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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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VLAN, Trunking, and Inter-VLAN Routing

(Router-on-a-Stick)

1. VLAN (Virtual LAN)

- VLAN divides a single physical switch into multiple logical networks.

- Each VLAN is a separate broadcast domain.

- Example:

VLAN 10 - IT

VLAN 20 - HR

VLAN 30 - Finance

2. Access Port

- Used for end devices (PCs).

- Carries only one VLAN.

- No tagging is used.

3. Trunk Port

- Used between switches and between switch and router.

- Carries multiple VLANs.

- Uses IEEE 802.1Q tagging to identify VLANs.

4. Inter-VLAN Routing

- VLANs cannot communicate directly.

- A router is required to route traffic between VLANs.


5. Router-on-a-Stick

- One physical router interface is divided into multiple subinterfaces.

- Each subinterface is assigned to a VLAN using 802.1Q encapsulation.

Example:

Fa0/0.10 → VLAN 10 → [Link]

Fa0/0.20 → VLAN 20 → [Link]

Fa0/0.30 → VLAN 30 → [Link]

6. Default Gateway

- Each device uses router IP of its VLAN as gateway.

7. Traffic Flow

- PC → Switch → Trunk → Router → Route → Back via correct VLAN

8. Key Dependencies

- VLAN must exist

- Ports must be assigned

- Trunk must be configured

- Router subinterfaces must exist

- Gateway must be set

9. Common Issues

- Wrong VLAN assignment

- Missing trunk

- Incorrect VLAN ID
- No IP/gateway

- Interface shutdown

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