CHE 402

Kinetics & Reactor

Design

Dr. Eid Al-Mutairi

 CHE 402- Dr. Eid Al-Mutairi

Your Teacher
◼ Instructor: Dr. Eid M. Al-Mutairi
◼ Office: 16-230
◼ Phone: 7726
◼ E-mail: mutairi@[Link]
◼ Web:
[Link]/che/mutairi/
 CHE 402- Dr. Eid Al-Mutairi

Course Topics
◼ Rate Laws, Stoichiometry and Mole Balances
◼ Conversion and Reactor Sizing
◼ Isothermal reactor design
◼ Collection and Analysis of Rate Data
◼ Multiple reactions
◼ Non-Isothermal Reactor Design
◼ Catalysis and Catalytic Reactors
 CHE 402- Dr. Eid Al-Mutairi

Objectives
◼ Analysis of the basics of homogenous kinetics
and reactor design, as well as the
◼ Sizing of isothermal and nonisothermal
reactors.
◼ Analysis of the basics of solid-catalytic
reactions
◼ Developing an ability to design isothermal
packed-bed reactors.
◼ Definitions of catalysis and different types of
catalytic reactors.
 CHE 402- Dr. Eid Al-Mutairi

Outcomes
◼ Interpret batch and differential reactors data to obtain
reaction rate expressions.
◼ Calculate volume of batch and flow reactors in constant-
and variable-volume systems.
◼ Calculate yield and selectivity in multiple reactions.
◼ Analyze heat effects in nonisothermal reactors.
◼ Define catalysis, classify catalytic reaction and describe
its steps.
◼ Calculate catalyst weight and reactor volume in
isothermal packed-bed reactors.
 CHE 402- Dr. Eid Al-Mutairi

Grading Policy
◼ Attendance and Participation 5 %
◼ Homework 8%
◼ Project 10%
◼ Quizzes 12%
◼ Midterm Exam 30%
◼ Final Exam 35%
 CHE 402- Dr. Eid Al-Mutairi

Communication
◼ Course website:
[Link]
◼ Blackboard is used extensively in this
course. Students should check frequently.
 CHE 402- Dr. Eid Al-Mutairi

Important Notes
◼ Class attendance is an essential matter for
the course . (Absences and late rule)
◼ Academic Integrity: Cheating, lie ..
 CHE 402- Dr. Eid Al-Mutairi

Yourself
◼ Who you are?
◼ Why you become chemical engineer?
◼ What does “kinetics & rector design” mean
to you?
 CHE 402- Dr. Eid Al-Mutairi

Chemical Engineering Field

 CHE 402- Dr. Eid Al-Mutairi

Reaction Kinetics & Reactor

Design
 CHE 402- Dr. Eid Al-Mutairi

Chapter 1: Mole Balances

◼ Define the rate of chemical reaction.

◼ Apply the mole balance equations to a
batch reactor, CSTR, PFR, and PBR.
◼ Describe two industrial reaction
engineering systems.
◼ Describe photos of real reactors.
◼ Describe how to surf the CD-ROM
attached with this text.
 CHE 402- Dr. Eid Al-Mutairi

Chemical Reactions
◼ Examples
◼ Types
◼ Our life and chemical reactions
 CHE 402- Dr. Eid Al-Mutairi

Chemical Identity
◼ A chemical species is said to have reacted when
it has lost its chemical identity. The identity of a
chemical species is determined by the kind ,
number ,and configuration of that species'
atoms .

Three ways a chemical species can lose its chemical identity

decomposition combination isomerization
 CHE 402- Dr. Eid Al-Mutairi

Reaction Rate
◼ Measures how fast a number of moles of
one chemical species are consumed to
form another chemical.
CCl3CHO + 2C6H5Cl (C6H4Cl)2CHCCl3+H2O

A + 2B C+D
 CHE 402- Dr. Eid Al-Mutairi

Reaction Rate
◼ The reaction rate is the rate at which a species looses its chemical
identity per unit volume. The rate of a reaction can be expressed as
the rate of disappearance of a reactant or as the rate of appearance
of a product. Consider species A:

A B

rA = the rate of formation of species A per unit volume

- rA = the rate of a disappearance of species A per unit volume
rB = the rate of formation of species B per unit volume

The rate of reaction, - rA, is the number of moles of A reacting

(disappearing) per unit time per unit volume
 CHE 402- Dr. Eid Al-Mutairi

Reaction Rate: Example I

A B

◼ If B is being created Sat 0.2 moles per decimeter cubed

per second, i.e,
rB = 0.2 mole/dm3/s
◼ Then A is disappearing at the same rate:
-rA = 0.2 mole/dm3/s
◼ For a catalytic reaction, we refer to -rA', which is the rate
of disappearance of species A on a per mass of catalyst
basis.
 CHE 402- Dr. Eid Al-Mutairi

Reaction Rate
◼ Consider species j:
◼ rj is the rate of formation of species j per unit volume [e.g.
mol/dm3*s]
◼ rj is a function of concentration, temperature, pressure, and the type
of catalyst (if any)
◼ rj is independent of the type of reaction system (batch, plug flow,
etc.)
◼ rj is an algebraic equation, not a differential equation
◼ We use an algebraic equation to relate the rate of reaction, -rA, to
the concentration of reacting species and to the temperature at
which the reaction occurs [e.g. -rA = k(T)CA2].
 CHE 402- Dr. Eid Al-Mutairi

Reaction Rate: Example II

CCl3CHO + 2C6H5Cl (C6H4Cl)2CHCCl3+H2O

A + 2B C+D

e.g. -rA = 4 mole/dm3/s

rA = -4 mole/dm3/s
-rB = 8 mole/dm3/s
rB = -8 mole/dm3/s
rC = 4 mole/dm3/s
 CHE 402- Dr. Eid Al-Mutairi

Industrial Reactor

Reactor System Used at Amoco

Fixed Bed Reactor

Sasol Advanced Synthol (SAS) Reactor

 CHE 402- Dr. Eid Al-Mutairi

Reactors
◼ Plug Flow Reactor (PFR) or Tubular
Reactor
◼ Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR)
◼ Batch Reactor
 CHE 402- Dr. Eid Al-Mutairi

Batch Reactors
◼ Batch reactors are the simplest reactors used in
chemical processes.
◼ Reactants are first placed inside the reactor and then
allowed to react over time.
◼ Applications: typically used for liquid phase reactions.
 When only a small amount of product is desired (process in
testing phase OR product is expensive)
 CHE 402- Dr. Eid Al-Mutairi

CSTR
◼ CSTRs are very well mixed ►contents
have uniform properties (temperature,
density, etc)
◼ Reactants are continuously introduced
into the reactor, while products are
continuously removed.
 CHE 402- Dr. Eid Al-Mutairi

PFR (Tubular)
Plug flow or tubular reactors consist of a hollow pipe or tube
through which reactants and products to flow through.
Applications: wide variety of operations (gas or liquid
phases)
Gasoline production
Oil cracking
 CHE 402- Dr. Eid Al-Mutairi

General Mole Balance

Equation
◼ IN - OUT + GENERATION = ACCUMULATION
 CHE 402- Dr. Eid Al-Mutairi

Batch Mole Balance

◼ General Mole Balance on System Volume V

-No inflow or outflow

Assumptions

Well
mixed
 CHE 402- Dr. Eid Al-Mutairi

CSTR Mole Balance

◼ General Mole Balance on System Volume V

Assumptions
Steady State

Well mixed
 CHE 402- Dr. Eid Al-Mutairi

PFR Mole Balance

◼ General Mole Balance on System Volume V

Steady State

Differentiate with respect to V

 CHE 402- Dr. Eid Al-Mutairi

Batch Reactor Mole Balance

◼ General Mole Balance on System Volume V

-No inflow or outflow

Assumptions

Well
mixed
 CHE 402- Dr. Eid Al-Mutairi

CSTR Mole Balance

◼ General Mole Balance on System Volume V

Assumptions

Steady State

Well mixed

NO spatial variations in rA
 CHE 402- Dr. Eid Al-Mutairi

PFR Mole Balance

General Mole Balance on System
Volume V

Steady State

Differentiate with respect to V

The integral form is:

FA dF A
V=
FA 0 rA

This is the volume necessary to reduce the entering molar flow rate (mol/s) from FA0 to the
exit molar flow rate of FA.
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Packed Bed Reactor Mole

Balance
PBR
 CHE 402- Dr. Eid Al-Mutairi

Packed Bed Reactor Mole

Balance
PBR

FA0 − FA +  r dW = dNdt
A
A
 CHE 402- Dr. Eid Al-Mutairi

Packed Bed Reactor Mole

Balance
PBR

FA0 − FA +  r dW = dNdt
A
A
 CHE 402- Dr. Eid Al-Mutairi

Packed Bed Reactor Mole

Balance
PBR

FA0 − FA +  r dW = dNdt
A
A
 CHE 402- Dr. Eid Al-Mutairi

Packed Bed Reactor Mole

Balance
PBR

FA0 − FA +  r dW = dNdt
A
A

FAdFA
The integral form to find the catalyst weight is: W=
FA 0 rA
 CHE 402- Dr. Eid Al-Mutairi

Reactor Mole Balance

Summary
 CHE 402- Dr. Eid Al-Mutairi
Reactor Mole Balance
Summary
 CHE 402- Dr. Eid Al-Mutairi

Reactor Mole Balance

Summary
 CHE 402- Dr. Eid Al-Mutairi

Reactor Mole Balance

Summary
 CHE 402- Dr. Eid Al-Mutairi

Reactor Mole Balance

Summary
 CHE 402- Dr. Eid Al-Mutairi

Example 1-1
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CHE 402- Dr. Eid Al-Mutairi