What is Cloud

Computing?
•Cloud computing is the on-demand
availability of computer system
resources, especially data storage (cloud
storage) and computing power, without
direct active management by the user

•For the Cloud you do not need to

manage your own compute resources
History of Cloud Computing
1. Before Computing was come into existence, client Server Architecture was used where all the data and control
of client resides in Server side. If a single user wants to access some data, firstly user need to connect to the
server and after that user will get appropriate access.
2. After Client Server computing, Distributed Computing was come into existence, in this type of computing all
computers are networked together with the help of this, user can share their resources when needed.
3. During 1961, John MacCarthy delivered his speech at MIT that “Computing Can be sold as a Utility, like
Water and Electricity.” According to John MacCarthy it was a brilliant idea. But people at that time don't want
to adopt this technology. Later this is implemented by [Link] in 1999.
4. In 2002, Amazon started Amazon Web Services (AWS), Amazon will provide storage, computation over the
internet. In 2006 Amazon will launch Elastic Compute Cloud Commercial Service which is open for
Everybody to use.
5. After that in 2009, Google Play also started providing Cloud Computing Enterprise Application as other
companies will see the emergence of cloud Computing they also started providing their cloud services. Thus, in
2009, Microsoft launch Microsoft Azure and after that other companies like Alibaba, IBM, Oracle, HP also
introduces their Cloud Services. In today the Cloud Computing become very popular and important skill.
Need of Cloud Computing
 Benefits of using cloud computing
● It is easier to get back up in cloud.
● It allows us easy and quick access stored information anywhere and anytime.
● It allows us to access data via mobile.
● It reduces both hardware and Software cost, and it is easily maintainable.
 Disadvantages of Cloud Computing

• Internet Connectivity – Network connection Dependency (Internet is required)

• Vendor lock-in - Transferring an organization's services from one vendor to
another could provide challenges. Moving from one cloud to another might be
challenging because different vendors offer various platforms.
• Limited Control - Cloud customers have less control over how services within a
cloud infrastructure operate and are carried out because the cloud infrastructure
is entirely owned, maintained, and watched over by the service provider.
 Real-World Applications of Cloud Computing
1. Online File Storage and Sharing:
● Cloud services like Google Drive, Dropbox, and OneDrive allow users to store files, photos, videos, and
other documents online, accessible from any device with an internet connection.
● This eliminates the need for physical storage devices and simplifies file sharing among individuals or
teams.

2. Streaming Services:

● Platforms like Netflix, Spotify, and YouTube rely heavily on cloud computing to store and deliver vast
libraries of content to millions of users worldwide.
● Cloud infrastructure enables these services to handle the high volume of data and user traffic
required for on-demand streaming.
3. Email and Communication Platforms:
● Services like Gmail, [Link], and WhatsApp utilize cloud computing to store and manage user emails, contacts,
messages, and other data.
● This allows users to access their communication platforms from any device and location with an internet connection.

4. Ride-sharing and Transportation:

● Companies like Uber and Ola use cloud computing to manage their platforms, including real-time location tracking,
ride requests, payment processing, and driver availability.
● The scalability of cloud computing allows these services to handle fluctuating demand and provide reliable
transportation services.

5. Social Media:
● Social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram rely on cloud computing to store and manage
user-generated content, posts, messages, and other data.
● This allows users to access their social media accounts and content from anywhere in the world.
Cloud Computing architecture
The front-end

Front-end cloud architecture refers to the user- or client-side of the cloud computing system. It
consists of graphic user interfaces (GUIs), dashboards and navigation tools that provide on-demand
access to cloud services and resources. Key components include software apps and programs
installed on devices (such as., mobile phone, laptop or desktop) to access the cloud platform or
service. Accessing a web-based video communications application (for example, Zoom, Webex) via a
laptop computer or ordering food through a mobile delivery platform (Uber, Swiggy) are both
examples of front-end cloud architecture capabilities.
The back-end

While the front-end includes all elements related to the client (for example, a visitor to an e-commerce site), the back-end (or
‘server-side’) refers to the structuring of the site and the programming of its main functionalities.
Back-end cloud architecture components include the following:
• Applications: Back-end apps are the software or platforms that deliver the client service requests on the front-end.
• Cloud computing service: The back-end service provides utility in cloud architecture and manages the accessibility of
cloud-based resources (such as, cloud-based storage services, application development services, web services, security
services, and more).
• Cloud runtime: Runtime provides the environment (operating system, hardware, memory) for executing or running services.
Virtualization plays a crucial role in enabling multiple runtimes on the same server.
• Cloud storage: Cloud storage in the back-end refers to the flexible and scalable storage service and management of data
stored to carry out applications.
• Infrastructure: Infrastructure consists of all the back-end resources or hardware (such as, servers, databases, CPU (central
processing unit), network devices like routers and switches, graphics processing unit (GPU), and so on.) and all the software
used to run and manage cloud-based services.
• Management software: Middleware coordinates communication between the front-end and back-end in a cloud computing
system. This component allows for the delivery of services in real-time to ensure smooth front-end user experiences.
• Security tools: Security tools provide the back-end security (also referred to as service-side security) for potential
cyberattacks or system failures. Virtual firewalls protect web applications, prevent data loss and ensure backup and disaster
recovery.
 Cloud computing Deployment models
•Public cloud is a cloud service offered to multiple customers by a cloud provider.

•Private cloud is defined as computing services offered either over the Internet or a
private internal network and only to select users instead of the general public.

•Community cloud is a collaborative effort in which infrastructure is shared

between several organizations from a specific community with common concerns
(security, compliance, jurisdiction, etc.), whether managed internally or by a
third-party and hosted internally or externally.
 Cloud computing Deployment models
•Hybrid cloud refers to a mixed computing, storage, and services environment
made up of on-premises infrastructure, private cloud services, and a public
cloud—such as Amazon Web Services (AWS) or Microsoft Azure—with
orchestration among the various platforms.
•Using a combination of public clouds, on-premises computing, and private clouds
in your data centre
•means that you have a hybrid cloud infrastructure.

•Multi-cloud is a model of cloud computing where an organization utilizes a

combination of clouds— which can be two or more public clouds, two or more
private clouds, or a combination of public, private and edge clouds—to distribute
applications and services
Cloud computing deployment models
Cloud computing Service models
Virtual Environment
 Role of Virtualization

● Virtualization is fundamental to cloud computing.

● It Creates a secure, customizable and isolated execution environment.

● Hardware virtualization provides virtual resources like Virtual machines, Storage,

Virtual Memory and virtual networks.

● System software enabling the virtualization is known as Hypervisor. Also known

as Virtual machine manager
 Why Virtualization?
• In order to have a lab environment set up, we have to run multiple operating
systems.
• Unlike physical data centres, the cost involved in procuring hardware, power
utilization, and networking in virtual infrastructure is reduced.
• Server provisioning becomes easier. A single server can host multiple VMs and
each VM can run different applications.
• Server capacity utilization has improved.
Cloud providers
Cloud providers
 What is Cloud Data Lifecycle?
The cloud data lifecycle encompasses the various phases that a specific piece of data undergoes,
starting with its initial creation or capture and concluding with its eventual archival or deletion when
it’s no longer needed.
Generation of the Information

● Ownership: Who in the organization owns the user’s data, and how is the ownership of data maintained
within the organization?
● Classification: How and when is personally identifiable information classified? Are there any limitations on
cloud computing on specific data cases?
● Governance: To ensure that personally identifiable information is managed and protected throughout its
life-cycle
Use of the Information

● Internal v/s External: Are personally identifiable information used only inside the organization or they are
used outside the organization?
● Third Party: Is the personally identifiable information shared with third parties(organizations besides the
parent company having data).
● Appropriateness: Is the personally identifiable information of users being correctly used for which it is
intended?
● Discovery: Is the information stored in the cloud will enable the organization to comply with legal
requirements in legal proceedings?
Transfer of the Data

● Public v/s Private Network: Are the public networks secure(protected) enough while the personally
identifiable information is transferred to the cloud?
● Encryption Requirements: Is the personally identifiable information encrypted while transmitted via a public
network?
● Access Control: Appropriate access control measures should be taken on personally identifiable information
when it is in the cloud.
Transformation of Data

● Derivation:- While data is being transformed in the cloud, it should be protected and user limitations should
be imposed on it.
● Aggregations:- The data should be aggregated so that we can ensure that it is no longer identifying any
personal individual.
● Integrity:- Is the integrity of personally identifiable information maintained while it is in the cloud?
Storage of Data

● Access Control: Appropriate access controls should be used on personally identifiable information while it is
stored in the cloud so that only individuals with a need to know will be able to access it.
● Structured v/s Unstructured: How the stored data will enable the organizations in accessing and managing
the data in the future.
● Integrity/Availability/Confidentiality: How data integrity, availability, and confidentiality are maintained in
the cloud?
● Encryption: The personally identifiable information should be encrypted while it is in the cloud.
Archival

● Legal and Compliance: Personally identifiable information should have specific requirements that will
instruct how long the data should be stored and archived.
● Off-site Considerations: Does the cloud service provider have the ability for long-term off-site storage and
should also support the archival requirement?
● Media Concerns: Who will control the media and what is the organization's ability to recover in such cases
when the media is lost?
● Retention: For how long the data should be retained on the cloud by the cloud service providers?
Destruction of the Data

● Secure: Does the cloud service providers destroy the personally identifiable information obtained by
the customers to avoid a breach of information?
● Complete: Does the personally identifiable information be completely destroyed? (erase the data, or it
can be recovered)