Physical quantity: Anything that can be measured.
⤷ E.G: Volume, length, time, mass, current, light intensity,
Physical Formula Unit
substance, temperature.
Volume Cube Volume - V-mxmxm=
Base: Not dependent on anything, not defined in terms of Lxlxl m3
other quantities.
Area Square Area - l x l A - m x m = m2
Density D = M/V D - kg/m3
Quantity SI Unit Instrument Volume = L x W x H
Length Meter, m Measure tap,
Precautions to take during water displacement: Measure water
meter rod
at eye level, lower stone slowly so water doesn’t splash,
Time Seconds, s Stopwatch, clock measure the lower meniscus.
Mass Kilograms, kg Measuring Floating piece of wood: Take a measuring cylinder and place a
balance
steel block in it. Record that volume of water. Then, place the
Temperature Kelvin, k Thermometer said piece of wood under the steel block and record the final
volume Then subtract initial volume from final volume to get
Current Ampere, a Ammeter your floating wood’s volume.
Intensity of light Candela, cd Photometer
Measuring thickness of one sheet of paper when it has total
Substance Mole, mol Balance 500 sheets. Stack has dimension of 0.297m (length), 21.0cm
(width), 50.0mm.
First you have to convert the unit to centimetre, so the height
V1 - Initial Volume
of the entire stack is 50.0. Convert 50.0 into cm is 5.0, so
V2 - Final Volume
5.0/500 is 0.01cm. That’s the thickness of your sheet.
V2-V1 = Volume of irregular shape
Water displacement method: Take a measuring cylinder, fill it
with water and then measure the volume. Take your irregular
object and put it in the cylinder, measure the volume, and
subtract initial volume from final volume.
Density:It is the amount of mass present in a specific volume How to work out the density of a drawing pin: Measure of
of an object. Mass per unit volume. mass of the pin using a balance (in grams). Determine the
volume. Use a water displacement method. Calculate density.
Density is inversely proportional to volume and density is
directly proportional to mass. If the density of an object is
greater than liquid, it sinks. If the density of an object is less
than liquid, it floats.
If you go from g/cm³ to kg/m³, multiply by 1000.
If you go from kg/m³ to g/cm³, divide by 1000.
Even though metals are denser than water, a metal ship floats
because it is hollow and shaped to displace a large volume of
water. The overall density of the ship (metal+air inside)
becomes less than the density of the water, so it floats.
Mass: Amount of matter in an object, it is measured in
Scalar Vector
kilograms or grams.
Weight: It is the force with which gravity pulls the object of Distance Displacement
mass “m” towards itself.
Weight = Mass x Gravity Time Gravity
Weight is measured in newton. Speed Velocity
Comparison. Mass Weight
- Weight is a force, whereas mass is not.
- Weight varies as gravity changes whereas mass remains the Energy Force
same. Temperature Momentum
- Weight has direction therefore it is called a vector quantity
whereas mass has no direction so it is called a scalar quantity.
- Weight is measured using force meter or Newton meter
whereas mass is measured using balance.
W = M x G
M=W/G
G = W / M
Scalar quantity is only described by its magnitude (numerical
value)
E.G: 5kg, 60 km/h
Vector quantity needs its magnitude and direction to be
described completely.
E.G: 60 km/h north, 10 N downwards