COMPUTER NETWORK (BCE6020) — Chapter-wise Question

Bank
Purbanchal University | All Years Compiled
Legend: Year + Q No. | (NC) = New Course (BEG375CO/BCE6020) | (OC) = Old Course
(BEG374CO) Questions repeated across years are marked [Repeated N times]

CHAPTER 1: Introduction to Computer Network

1.1 Definition, Importance and Applications
1. Define Computer Network and write any two applications of it.
• Model Q 2025 Q1(VSQ)
2. What are the disadvantages of computer network?
• 2025(NC) Q1(VSQ)
3. What is computer network? Explain advantages and disadvantages of computer network.
• 2015 Chance(OC) Q2(a) | 2003(OC) Q1(a)
• [Repeated 2 times]
4. Mention advantages and disadvantages of computer network. Explain working mechanism of OSI
model in brief. [3+7]
• 2023(NC) Q1
5. Mention the important benefits of computer networks. [5]
• 2018(NC) Q1(a)
6. List out the advantages and disadvantages of computer network. [4]
• 2011 Chance(OC) Q1(a)
7. Define computer network. Discuss any four applications of computer network. [5]
• 2017(NC) Q1(a)
8. What are the merits and demerits of Computer Networks? [6]
• 2003(OC) Q1(a)

1.2 Networking Models — Topologies, Client/Server, P2P

9. What is network topology? Explain different types of network topology.
• 2017(NC) Q1(b) | 2003(OC) Q1(b)
• [Repeated 2 times]
10. What is topology? Explain star topology. [1+3]
• 2015 Chance(OC) Q1(b)
11. What is network topology? Explain the bus topology. [1+3]
• 2012(OC) Q1(b)
12. Write down the various network topologies and explain any one of them. [5]
• 2014 New(NC) Q1(a) | 2007(OC) Q1(a)
• [Repeated 2 times]
13. If you have to connect 40 computers in a network, which topology and cable do you choose? Explain
with figure. [5]
• 2011 Chance(OC) Q1(a)
14. You have got 10 computers to set up in LAN. Which topology do you prefer and why? [6]
• 2004(OC) Q1(b)
15. Suppose you have 50 computers in four different rooms. Which network topology do you prefer?
Explain. [5]
• 2010(OC) Q2(b)
16. Compare peer to peer with client/server networking model. [5]

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 • 2015 Chance(OC) Q4(b)
17. What is Domain? Differentiate between peer to peer and client/server communication model. [5]
• 2010(OC) Q6(a)
18. Networking needs both physical and logical connection. Justify. [5]
• 2006(OC) Q1(a)

1.3 OSI Reference Model

19. Explain OSI reference model in brief. [4]
• Model Q 2025 Q5 | 2025(NC) Q5 (Compare with TCP/IP)
20. Briefly explain each layer of OSI reference model.
• 2018(NC) Q1(b) [5] | 2015 Chance(NC) Q1(a) [5] | 2010(OC) Q1(b) [5] | 2007(OC) Q1(b) [5]
• [Repeated 4 times]
21. Draw the OSI reference model and explain the functions of different layers. [6]
• 2012(OC) Q1(a)
22. Explain the functions of various layers in OSI model. [6]
• 2011 Chance(OC) Q1(b)
23. What are the functions and features of session layer? Explain SSL.
• 2025(NC) Q14(Long)

1.4 TCP/IP Model and Comparison with OSI

24. Compare TCP/IP model with OSI Model.
• 2025(NC) Q5(Group B) | Model Q 2025 Q5
• [Repeated 2 times]
25. Mention some features of TCP/IP model. Explain the architecture of TCP/IP model. Compare OSI
model with TCP/IP model. [2+4+4]
• 2023(NC) Q6
26. Differentiate between OSI reference model and TCP/IP model. [4]
• 2016(NC) Q1(a)
27. Give the overview of TCP/IP. How it differs from OSI reference architecture? [5]
• 2017(NC) Q7(a)
28. Distinguish between TCP/IP and OSI reference models. Which model is more popular and why? [6+4]
• 2013 Chance(OC) Q1
29. What is protocol? Compare OSI with TCP/IP reference model. [1+5]
• 2015 Chance(OC) Q1(a)
30. Distinguish between TCP/IP and OSI model. [5]
• 2010(OC) Q7(a)
31. How TCP/IP differ from OSI model. Explain. [10]
• 2011 Chance(OC) Q6
32. Briefly explain TCP/IP protocol architecture. [5]
• 2018(NC) Q6(a)
33. Describe TCP/IP architecture. [4]
• 2004(OC) Q1(a)
34. Describe TCP/IP protocol architecture briefly. [5]
• 2006(OC) Q9(b)

1.5 Network Devices (Hub, Switch, Router, Bridge, Gateway)

35. Briefly explain about hub, switch and router in terms of collision domain and broadcast domain. [1+4]

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 • 2016(NC) Q2(a)
36. What are the different hardware devices used in networking? Briefly explain router’s working principle.
[5]
• 2015 Chance(NC) Q2(a)
37. Briefly describe Hub, Switch and Router in terms of their number of broadcast and collision domains.
[5]
• 2014 New(NC) Q2(a)
38. What are the different hardware devices used in networking? Explain any two. [5]
• 2010(OC) Q2(a)
39. Describe hub. Explain how CSMA/CD works. [6+4]
• 2023(NC) Q2
40. Is it possible to connect many dissimilar networks with Router? Compare Switch with HUB. [1+2+2]
• 2011 Chance(OC) Q3(a)
41. What is Network Server? Compare HUB with Switch. [1+3]
• 2015 Chance(OC) Q2(b)
42. Explain in brief about NIC and HUB. [5]
• 2007(OC) Q2(a)
43. Discuss importance of gateways and bridges. [6]
• 2016(NC) Q8(b)
44. What are the advantages of layered architecture? Differentiate switch vs. router. [2+3]
• 2008(OC) Q2(b) (partial)

CHAPTER 2: Physical Layer

2.1 Functions and Transmission Media
45. What is line of site in communication? [2]
• 2025(NC) Q2(VSQ)
46. What is transmission media? Explain different types of guided and unguided media. [1+9]
• 2015 Chance(OC) Q3
47. What are the different types of transmission media? Explain.
• 2017(NC) Q2(a) [5] | 2014 New(NC) Q3(b) [5]
• [Repeated 2 times]
48. Explain briefly about different kinds of transmission media used in computer networks. [4]
• 2016(NC) Q3(a)
49. What are the three major classes of guided media? Briefly explain. [5]
• 2018(NC) Q3(a)
50. Explain the working principle of optical fibre transmission media. [5]
• 2015 Chance(NC) Q3(a)
51. What is guided media? Write characteristics of optical fiber cables. [3+4]
• 2013 Chance(OC) Q3(b)
52. Explain in brief about STP and UTP. [5]
• 2007(OC) Q2(b)
53. Describe and distinguish between FDMA and TDMA.
• 2018(NC) Q3(b) [5] | 2016(NC) Q3(b) [2+4] | 2015 Chance(NC) Q3(b) [5]
• [Repeated 3 times]
54. What is communication satellite? Explain possible advantages and limitations. [1+4]
• 2008(OC) Q5(b)

2.3 Multiplexing, Switching, Connection Services

55. What do you mean by Latency and throughput? [2]

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 • Model Q 2025 Q2(VSQ)
56. Difference between circuit switching and packet switching. [4]
• Model Q 2025 Q6
57. Explain connectionless service. [4]
• 2025(NC) Q6(Group B)
58. Explain circuit switching and packet switching in brief using example. [10]
• 2023(NC) Q3
59. What is Switching? Compare circuit switching with packet switching. [1+4]
• 2015 Chance(OC) Q4(a)
60. Explain different kinds of switching techniques. [5]
• 2014 New(NC) Q3(a)
61. In what context are circuit switching and packet switching preferred? [5]
• 2006(OC) Q2(b)
62. What do you mean by packet switching? [5]
• 2017(NC) Q3(b)
63. Differentiate between connection-oriented and connectionless service.
• 2015 Chance(NC) Q1(b) [5] | 2014 New(NC) Q1(b) [4] | 2012(OC) Q2(a) [5] | 2006(OC) Q1(b) [5]
• [Repeated 4 times]
64. What is Multiplexing? Describe time division and frequency division multiplexing techniques. [5]
• 2017(NC) Q3(a)
65. What do you mean by multiplexing? Explain Time Division Multiplexing (TDM).
• 2011 Chance(OC) Q7(a) | 2008(OC) Q7(b)
• [Repeated 2 times]
66. What are different encoding schemes? Explain details. [7]
• 2014 New(OC-old) Q3(b)
67. Explain with example the NRZ-L and bipolar encoding. [4]
• 2013 Chance(OC) Q5(a)

CHAPTER 3: Data Link Layer

3.3 Error Detection and Correction (CRC, Hamming Code)
68. Generate CRC code if divisor is (1010)� and data is (110011)�. [4]
• 2025(NC) Q7(Group B)
69. Generate Hamming code for data (1110111)�. [4]
• 2025(NC) Q8(Group B)
70. Assuming the generator polynomial x�+x³+1, find the CRC code for the bit sequence 0011011100111101111011111101011
Perform sender and receiver operations. [8]
• Model Q 2025 Q2(Long)
71. A bit word 1011 is to be transmitted. Construct the even parity seven-bit Hamming code for this data.
[5]
• 2017(NC) Q4(a)
72. List out different types of error detection and correction techniques. How is Hamming code different
from CRC?
• 2016(NC) Q4(b) [2+2+2] | 2015 Chance(NC) Q4(b) [5]
• [Repeated 2 times]
73. What is error detection technique? Explain CRC with example. [5]
• 2014 New(NC) Q6(a)
74. Describe how checksum helps to detect error in a message using a suitable example. [5]
• 2023(NC) Q4 (partial)

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3.2 Framing and Flow Control (Sliding Window)
75. Explain various kinds of sliding window protocols with suitable examples. [5]
• 2023(NC) Q4
76. Explain Go-Back-N sliding window protocol. [5]
• 2017(NC) Q4(b)
77. Explain Go-Back-N ARQ and Selective-Repeat ARQ with figure. [6]
• 2014 New(NC) Q4(a)
78. What is piggybacking? Explain Go-Back-N protocol. [3+3]
• 2013 Chance(OC) Q6(a)
79. Write a short technical note on flow control and buffering. [5]
• 2012(OC) Q6(a)

3.4 / 3.5 Multiple Access Protocols (ALOHA, CSMA/CD, CSMA/CA)

80. Illustrate CSMA/CD in brief. [4]
• Model Q 2025 Q7
81. Briefly explain with suitable example of CSMA/CD protocol.
• 2018(NC) Q2(a) [5] | 2014 New(NC) Q2(b) [5]
• [Repeated 2 times]
82. Describe how CSMA/CD works. [4/5]
• 2017(NC) Q2(b) | 2023(NC) Q2 (partial)
• [Repeated 2 times]
83. Why do we use CSMA/CA instead of CSMA/CD? [4]
• 2011 Chance(OC) Q2(a)
84. What is collision? Discuss how CSMA/CD handles collision in LAN. [5]
• 2011 Chance(OC) Q1(b)
85. Differentiate between IEEE 802.3, 802.4, and 802.5 standards. [5]
• 2015 Chance(NC) Q4(a)
86. Briefly explain about IEEE 802.4 frame format. [2+2]
• 2016(NC) Q4(a)
87. Briefly explain with frame format of IEEE 802.3 standard. [5]
• 2014 New(NC) Q4(a)
88. Draw the frame format of IEEE 802.3. Also explain. [5]
• 2012(OC) Q2(b)
89. How pure ALOHA and slotted ALOHA compare. [5]
• 2012(OC) Q3(b)
90. What do you mean by channel allocation problem? Discuss ALOHA. [2+3]
• 2011 Chance(OC) Q2(a) | 2008(OC) Q4(b)
• [Repeated 2 times]
91. What is satellite Networks? Briefly describe about ALOHA. [2+3]
• 2014 New(NC) Q4(b)
92. Explain with suitable example about multicast, unicast and broadcast addressing. [5]
• 2016(NC) Q2(b) | 2015 Chance(NC) Q2(b)
• [Repeated 2 times]
93. List out the IEEE standard 802 for LANs. Explain any three. [4]
• 2011 Chance(OC) Q3(a)
94. What are the drawbacks in 802.3 which are overcome in 802.4? [5]
• 2018(NC) Q4(b)

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3.7 Virtual Circuit Switching (Frame Relay, ATM)
95. What is frame relay? Is it connection oriented or connectionless? Explain briefly. [10]
• 2013 Chance(OC) Q2
96. Short note: Frame Relay
• 2012(OC) Q8(a)
97. Short note: ATM
• 2012(OC) Q8(b)

CHAPTER 4: IP Addressing and Sub-Networking

4.1 / 4.2 IPv4 Addressing and Subnetting (CIDR, VLSM)
98. What is Network Address and Subnet Mask? A network consists of 3 routers X (54 hosts), Y (14
hosts), Z (27 hosts). Assign IP addresses using VLSM from [Link]/24. [2+6]
• Model Q 2025 Q1(Long)
99. Take a class C IPv4 address and divide it into subnet with equal hosts. [4]
• 2025(NC) Q9(Group B)
100. Describe various classes of IP addresses. Explain subnet using example. [4+6]
• 2023(NC) Q7
101. Classify IP address on the basis of classes and version. [5]
• 2018(NC) Q8(a)
102. What is IP address and subnet mask? What are the functions of subnetting? Give example. [5]
• 2014 New(NC) Q9(b)
103. What is subnet mask? Explain briefly about the classes of IP addresses. [5]
• 2014 New(NC) Q7(b)
104. Classify IP addresses (classes). A company is granted site address [Link]. The company needs six
subnets. Design the subnets. [5+5]
• 2015 Chance(OC) Q6 | 2017(NC) Q8(a)
• [Repeated 2 times]
105. Suppose an organization is using IP address [Link] and has 3 subnets for 3 departments. Suggest
subnet mask and range of IP addresses. [5]
• 2012(OC) Q7(b)
106. Network [Link]/24 supports up to 30 hosts per subnet. Design subnets by assigning IP addresses.
[1+3]
• 2011 Chance(OC) Q6(a)/(b)
107. [Link]/27 — How many hosts per subnet, usable subnets, subnet/broadcast address? [5]
• 2008(OC) Q1(b)
108. Why is subnet mask required? How does private IP address differ from public? Discuss CIDR. [1+3+1]
• 2008(OC) Q1(a)
109. What is port and well-known port address? Briefly explain different types of IP address classes. [6]
• 2015 Chance(NC) Q7(a)
110. What is masking and how is subnetting done? [5]
• 2006(OC) Q7(a)

4.3 / 4.4 IPv6 Addressing (EUI-64, SLAAC)

111. Discuss on IPv6 header format. [4]
• 2025(NC) Q10(Group B)
112. How EUI-64 is used in IPv6 addressing? [4]
• Model Q 2025 Q8
113. Differentiate between IPv4 and IPv6. [5]

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 • 2018(NC) Q6(b)
114. What are the importances of IPv6 over IPv4?
• 2016(NC) Q7(b) [3] | 2015 Chance(NC) Q7(b) [4] | 2010(OC) Q8(b) [4]
• [Repeated 3 times]

4.6 IPv4 and IPv6 Packet Format / Header Analysis

115. Draw and explain IPv4 datagram format. / Briefly explain IP header format.
• 2014 New(NC) Q5(b) [5] | 2007(OC) Q6(a) [6] | 2013 Chance(OC) Q9(a) [3+4]
• [Repeated 3 times]
116. Explain why datagram fragmentation is required. What is MTU? [4]
• 2007(OC) Q6(b)
117. What do you mean by fragmentation? Explain format of IP datagram. [3+4]
• 2013 Chance(OC) Q9(a)

Related: ICMP, ARP, RARP

118. What is ICMP protocol? Explain types of errors generated by ICMP. [1+4]
• 2018(NC) Q8(b)
119. Explain ICMP in brief. / What are different types of ICMP error reporting messages?
• 2013 Chance(OC) Q8(a) [4] | 2012(OC) Q6(b) [5] | 2010(OC) Q8(a) [partial]
• [Repeated 3 times]
120. Briefly describe ARP and RARP protocol. / Explain in brief about ICMP, ARP and RARP. [5]
• 2014 New(NC) Q7(a) | 2008(OC) Q7(a) (partial)

CHAPTER 5: IP Routing Algorithms and Protocols

5.1 / 5.2 Static vs Dynamic, Interior Routing (RIP, OSPF)
121. Explain Link state routing protocol in comparison with Distance vector routing protocol with example.
[4+4]
• Model Q 2025 Q3(Long)
122. Discuss multicast routing in brief. [4]
• Model Q 2025 Q9
123. What is non-adaptive routing algorithm? Explain various types of adaptive routing algorithms. [2+8]
• 2018(NC) Q7
124. What are adaptive and non-adaptive routing algorithms? [4]
• 2014 New(NC) Q5(b)
125. Explain link state routing algorithm. [5]
• 2017(NC) Q5(a)
126. What are routing algorithms? Briefly explain distance vector and link state routing with suitable
examples. [2+4]
• 2016(NC) Q5(b) (partial)
127. Describe link state routing with algorithm and example. [6]
• 2014 New(NC) Q5(a)
128. For the given network, construct routing table for node I using distance vector routing. [5]
• 2017(NC) Q5(b)
129. Explain link state routing algorithm (five stages).
• 2012(OC) Q4(b) [5]
130. What is Routing algorithm? Explain any two dynamic routing algorithms. [1+9]
• 2015 Chance(OC) Q8

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131. Why do modern computers use dynamic routing? Explain distance vector routing with example. [10]
• 2013 Chance(OC) Q7
132. How does a router create its routing table using distance vector routing algorithm? Explain with
example. [10]
• 2006(OC) Q6
133. What are the two most popular routing algorithms? Explain any one. [1+5]
• 2011 Chance(OC) Q4(a)
134. What is Routing protocol? Discuss link state routing with example. [5]
• 2011 Chance(OC) Q4(a) (partial)
135. Describe Link state algorithm for routing. [4]
• 2004(OC) Q3(b)

CHAPTER 6: Transmission Control

6.2 Transport Protocols — UDP and TCP
136. Write in brief about transmission control protocol. [4]
• 2025(NC) Q11(Group B)
137. Define port and socket. [2]
• Model Q 2025 Q3(VSQ)
138. What is a port? [2]
• 2025(NC) Q3(VSQ)
139. Differentiate between TCP and UDP protocol.
• 2016(NC) Q1(b) [1+5] | 2015 Chance(NC) Q6(a) [4] | 2013 Chance(OC) Q9(b) [3] | 2006(OC)
Q8(a) [5]
• [Repeated 4 times]
140. Explain the features of TCP. Also explain TCP header format. [5+5]
• 2015 Chance(OC) Q5
141. Why is TCP known as connection-oriented protocol? Briefly describe TCP segment format. [5]
• 2014 New(NC) Q6(a) | 2008(OC) Q6(b) [1+4]
• [Repeated 2 times]
142. Draw TCP/IP layer diagram and explain it briefly. [5]
• 2014 New(NC) Q6(b)
143. Draw a packet format for UDP. Describe each field in brief. [5]
• 2017(NC) Q7(b)
144. Why is TCP called reliable transport protocol? What is Sequence and Acknowledge Number? Draw
TCP segment format. [7+3]
• 2007(OC) Q7(a)/(b)
145. Write in brief about TCP. [5]
• 2023(NC) Q11 (partial)

6.3 Port and Socket

146. What is Socket? Draw and explain TCP and IPv4 header format. [5]
• 2011 Chance(OC) Q5(a)
147. What is socket? Discuss ISDN architecture and interface. [1+4]
• 2008(OC) Q9(a)
148. Short note: Socket (Port and Socket)
• 2023(NC) Q9(b) | 2004(OC) Q8[d]

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6.5 Flow Control and Buffering
149. Write short technical note on flow control and buffering. [5]
• 2012(OC) Q6(a)

6.7 Congestion Control (Leaky Bucket, Token Bucket)

150. Explain Token Bucket Algorithm. [4]
• Model Q 2025 Q10
151. Explain leaky bucket algorithm and compare it with token bucket algorithm.
• 2018(NC) Q5 [5+5] | 2017(NC) Q6(b) [5] | 2016(NC) Q5(a) [4] | 2015 Chance(NC) Q5(a) [7]
• 2014 New(NC) Q5(a) [5] | 2013 Chance(OC) Q8(b) [2+4] | 2012(OC) Q4(a) [2+3]
• 2010(OC) Q4(b) partial | 2007(OC) Q5(a) Token Bucket [5]
• [Repeated 9 times — HIGHEST FREQUENCY QUESTION]
152. Explain about congestion control. Describe leaky bucket algorithm in brief. [5+5]
• 2023(NC) Q5
153. Explain about congestion. How congestion occurs in network? [5]
• 2017(NC) Q6(a)
154. What is congestion? Discuss congestion prevention policies. [5]
• 2011 Chance(OC) Q4(b)
155. What is congestion? Discuss congestion control. [5+5]
• 2006(OC) Q8(b) | 2008(OC) Q8(a) [1+4]
• [Repeated 2 times]

CHAPTER 7: Network Applications and Services

7.1 Upper Layer Protocols (HTTP, FTP, DHCP, DNS, SMTP, POP, IMAP)
156. What is proxy caching? [2]
• Model Q 2025 Q4(VSQ)
157. What is IMAP? [2]
• 2025(NC) Q4(VSQ)
158. Describe about proxy caching. Explain the operation of DNS. [8]
• 2025(NC) Q12(Long)
159. How DHCP provides IP address to user devices? [4]
• Model Q 2025 Q11
160. Elaborate the VoIP operation in brief. [4]
• Model Q 2025 Q12
161. Briefly explain application layer protocols: HTTP, SMTP, POP and IMAP. [10]
• 2016(NC) Q6
162. Explain different types of application layer protocols. [2+3]
• 2015 Chance(OC) Q7(a) (partial)
163. What is Domain and Workgroup? Explain PDC and BDC. [5]
• 2015 Chance(OC) Q7(b) | 2008(OC) Q9(b) partial

CHAPTER 8: Network Design and Latest Technologies

8.3 VoIP
164. Elaborate the VoIP operation in brief. [4]
• Model Q 2025 Q12

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8.4 Network Design / BoQ
165. How can a comprehensive Bill of Quantities (BoQ) be prepared for a network installation project? What
key factors should be considered for hardware, software and services? How can vendor comparisons
and future expansion be incorporated? [2+3+3]
• Model Q 2025 Q4(Long)

8.5 / 8.6 Software-Defined Networking (SDN)

166. Discuss on Software Defined Network. Explain its architecture and functions. [8]
• 2025(NC) Q13(Long)
167. Short note: SDN
• Model Q 2025 Q13(a) (partial)

SHORT NOTES — Across Chapters (All Years)

168. Write short notes on any two: WLAN / IPv6 ACL / SDN
• Model Q 2025 Q13
169. Write short notes on any two: ARPANET / Socket / Firewall
• 2023(NC) Q9
170. Write short notes on any two: Domain model / Bridge / Aloha
• 2018(NC) Q9
171. Write short notes on any two: Connection-oriented and connectionless service / FDDI / OSI reference
architecture / Router and Bridge
• 2017(NC) Q9
172. Write short notes on any two: Symmetric cryptography (DES, AES) / ICMP / Substitution Cipher
• 2016(NC) Q9
173. Write short notes on any two: Advantages and disadvantages of CN / Firewall / Network Topology
• 2015 Chance(NC) Q9
174. Write short notes on any two: Firewall / Digital Signature / OSI reference model
• 2014 New(NC) Q9
175. Write short notes on any two: RAID / PCM / Bridge and Router
• 2015 Chance(OC) Q9
176. Write short notes on any two: Frame Relay / ATM / FDDI
• 2012(OC) Q8
177. Write short notes on any four: IP Address Classes / Digital Signature / Firewall / X.21 and RS232 /
SIP / ALOHA
• 2010(OC) Q9
178. Write short notes on any two: ALOHA / SNMP / RAID / ARP
• 2006(OC) Q10
179. Write short notes on any two: LAN test instruments / Trust Relationship / Subnets / Ports and
Sockets
• 2007(OC) Q8
180. Write short notes on any four: IP Address Classes / Subnets / Local and Global group / PDC /
Line-of-sight
• 2004(OC) Q10

FREQUENCY ANALYSIS — Most Repeated Topics

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 Rank Topic Times Asked
1 Leaky Bucket / Token Bucket algorithms 9 times
2 OSI Reference Model (layers explanation) 6 times
3 TCP vs UDP differentiation 5 times
4 Connection-oriented vs Connectionless service 5 times
5 TCP/IP vs OSI comparison 5 times
6 Subnetting problems (various IPs) 5 times
7 CSMA/CD explanation 4 times
8 IPv6 importance over IPv4 3 times
9 FDMA vs TDMA 3 times
10 IP header / datagram format 3 times
11 Distance vector vs Link state routing 3 times
12 Advantages/Disadvantages of Computer Network 3 times

Compiled from: Model Q 2025, Exam 2025, 2023, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015(NC), 2014(NC), 2015(OC), 2013,
2012, 2011, 2010, 2008, 2007, 2006, 2004, 2003 — Purbanchal University

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