𝐁𝐈𝐎𝐋𝐎𝐆𝐘 UTME QUESTION

1. Which of the following organelles is most likely to be abundant in a cell actively engaged in
the synthesis and transport of steroid hormones?
A. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
B. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
C. Ribosomes
D. Lysosomes

2. In the mechanism of opening and closing of stomata, the "influx of potassium ions (K⁺)"
hypothesis suggests that:
A. K⁺ ions leave the guard cells to increase turgidity
B. K⁺ ions enter guard cells, lowering water potential and causing water influx
C. K⁺ ions react with malic acid to form starch
D. High CO₂ concentration triggers K⁺ intake

3. A sample of DNA has 20% Cytosine. What is the percentage of Adenine in the same
molecule?
A. 20%
B. 80%
C. 30%
D. 60%

4. The phenomenon where an organism has more than two sets of chromosomes is known
as:
A. Aneuploidy
B. Polyploidy
C. Mutation
D. Haploidy

5. Which of these is a characteristic of *r-selected* species?

A. High parental care and small brood size
B. Late maturity and long lifespan
C. Rapid development and high reproductive rate
D. Stable population size near carrying capacity

6. During anaerobic respiration in muscles, the net gain of ATP per molecule of glucose is:
A. 2 ATP
B. 4 ATP
C. 36 ATP
D. 38 ATP
7. The primary reason why carbon monoxide is poisonous to humans is that it:
A. Damages the lining of the lungs
B. Competes with carbon dioxide for binding sites
C. Has a higher affinity for hemoglobin than oxygen
D. Inhibits the production of red blood cells

8. In a cross between a homozygous red-eyed female fruit fly (Xᴿ Xᴿ) and a white-eyed male
(XʳY), the percentage of white-eyed offspring in the F₁ generation is:
A. 0%
B. 25%
C. 50%
D. 100%

9. The enzyme that converts fats into fatty acids and glycerol is:
A. Amylase
B. Pepsin
C. Lipase
D. Trypsin

10. Which part of the brain is responsible for maintaining posture and balance?
A. Cerebrum
B. Medulla oblongata
C. Cerebellum
D. Hypothalamus

11. In the nitrogen cycle, the process of converting Nitrates (NO₃⁻) back into atmospheric
Nitrogen (N₂) is called:
A. Nitrification
B. Nitrogen fixation
C. Denitrification
D. Ammonification

12. The specialized roots of mangroves that grow upwards to obtain oxygen are called:
A. Prop roots
B. Pneumatophores
C. Buttress roots
D. Haustoria

13. A trait that is governed by many pairs of genes and shows continuous variation is:
A. Monogenic inheritance
B. Polygenic inheritance
 C. Sex-linked inheritance
D. Epistasis

14. The structure in the mammalian kidney where ultrafiltration occurs is the:
A. Loop of Henle
B. Bowman's capsule
C. Collecting duct
D. Distal convoluted tubule

15. Which of the following is an example of an *analogous* structure?

A. Wing of a bird and wing of a butterfly
B. Forelimb of a whale and forelimb of a bat
C. Tail of a monkey and tail of a cat
D. Leaf of a cactus and leaf of a mango tree

16. The specific site of light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis is the:

A. Stroma
B. Thylakoid membrane
C. Mitochondrial matrix
D. Cytoplasm

17. In the ABO blood group system, a person with blood group AB can receive blood from:
A. Group O only
B. Group AB only
C. Groups A, B, AB, and O
D. Group A and B only

18. The deficiency of Vitamin K leads to:

A. Night blindness
B. Scurvy
C. Rickets
D. Poor blood clotting

19. Which hormone stimulates the reabsorption of water in the kidney tubules?
A. Insulin
B. Adrenaline
C. Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
D. Thyroxine

20. The theory of "Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics" was proposed by:

A. Charles Darwin
 B. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
C. Gregor Mendel
D. Alfred Wallace

21. Which of these organisms exhibits *heterotrophic* nutrition?

A. Spirogyra
B. Euglena
C. Rhizopus
D. Chlamydomonas

22. The transition zone between two different ecosystems is called an:
A. Ecological niche
B. Ecotone
C. Habitat
D. Biome

23. Which of the following is a vestigial organ in humans?

A. Pancreas
B. Appendix
C. Spleen
D. Liver

24. The dominant generation in the life cycle of a fern (Pteridophyte) is the:
A. Gametophyte
B. Sporophyte
C. Prothallus
D. Antheridium

25. The process of dental decay starts with the action of bacteria on:
A. Proteins
B. Fats
C. Sugars
D. Minerals

26. Which type of joint is found at the human shoulder?

A. Hinge joint
|B. Pivot joint
C. Ball and socket joint
D. Gliding joint

27. The ratio of the F₂ generation in a dihybrid cross involving two independent genes is:
 A. 3:1
B. 1:2:1
C. 9:3:3:1
D. 1:1:1:1

28. The main function of the placenta in mammals is to:

A. Protect the fetus from mechanical shock
B. Store waste products of the fetus
C. Exchange nutrients and waste between mother and fetus
D. Act as a barrier against all viruses

29. In an ecosystem, the flow of energy is always:

A. Multidirectional
B. Bidirectional
C. Unidirectional
D. Cyclic

30. The movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane from a region of high
water potential to low water potential is:
A. Diffusion
B. Active transport
C. Osmosis
D. Facilitated diffusion

31. Which of these is a *flightless* bird?

A. Eagle
B. Penguin
C. Hawk
D. Sparrow

32. The part of the flower that develops into a seed after fertilization is the:
A. Ovary
B. Ovule
C. Stigma
D. Anther

33. Which of the following constitutes the "Central Nervous System"?

A. Cranial and spinal nerves
B. Brain and spinal cord
C. Sympathetic and parasympathetic systems
D. Sensory and motor neurons
34. A fruit that develops from a single ovary of a single flower is a:
A. Simple fruit
B. Aggregate fruit
C. Multiple fruit
D. False fruit

35. The causal agent of Malaria is a:

A. Bacterium
B. Virus
C. Protozoan
D. Fungus

36. In a pyramid of numbers, which level usually has the fewest organisms?
A. Producers
B. Primary consumers
C. Secondary consumers
D. Tertiary consumers

37. The hormone that triggers the "fight or flight" response is:
A. Estrogen
B. Adrenaline
C. Progesterone
D. Oxytocin

38. Which of the following is a structural polysaccharide?

A. Glycogen
B. Starch
C. Cellulose
D. Glucose

39. The male reproductive part of a flower is the:

A. Pistil
B. Carpel
C. Stamen
D. Receptacle

40. Scurvy is caused by a deficiency of:

A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin B
C. Vitamin C
 D. Vitamin D

41. The site of protein synthesis in the cell is the:

A. Mitochondria
B. Ribosome
C. Golgi body
D. Vacuole

42. Which of these is an example of a *non-heritable* variation?

A. Blood group
B. Skin color
C. Scar on the skin
D. Eye color

43. The process by which green plants lose water vapor through the stomata is:
A. Evaporation
B. Guttation
C. Transpiration
D. Respiration

44. A group of similar cells performing a specific function is a/an:

A. Organ
B. System
C. Tissue
D. Organism

45. The association between a shark and a remora fish is an example of:
A. Parasitism
B. Commensalism
C. Mutualism
D. Saprophytism

46. Which organism is at the beginning of every food chain?

A. Herbivore
B. Carnivore
C. Producer
D. Decomposer

47. The respiratory organ of an adult toad is the:

A. Gills
B. Skin and lungs
 C. Tracheae
D. Book lungs

48. The sum total of all the genes in a population is called the:
A. Gene flow
B. Gene pool
C. Genotype
D. Genome

49. Which of the following is a nitrifying bacterium?

A. *Azotobacter*
B. *Nitrosomonas*
C. *Rhizobium*
D. *Clostridium*

50. The maintenance of a constant internal environment is:

A. Osmoregulation
B. Homeostasis
C. Thermoregulation
D. Excretion