Class Insecta
(Imm’s classification)
Sub class Apterygota Sub class Pterygota (Metabola)
(Ametabola) Wingless
( winged insects)
1. Protura – Telson tails
2. Diplura – Diplurans
3. Collembola – Spring tails, snow fleas etc
4. Thysanura –Bristle tails,Silver fish etc
Division: Exopterygota (Hemi
Division‐Endopterygota
metabloa)
(Holo metabola
( wings develop externally)
( wings develop
5. Ephemeroptera ‐ May flies i ll )
21. Neuroptera ‐ Ant lions and lace wings
6. Odonata ‐ Dragon flies and Damsel flies
22. Mecoptera ‐ Scorpion flies
7. Plecoptera ‐ Stone flies
23. Trichoptera ‐ Caddis flies
8. Dictyoptera ‐ Cockroaches and mantids
24. Lepidoptera ‐ Moths and butteflies
8. Grylloblattodea ‐ Grylloblattids
25. Diptera ‐ Flies, mosquitoes
9. Orthoptera ‐ Grasshoppers, locusts,
26. Siphanoptera ‐ Fleas
Crickets , mole crickets etc.
27. Hymenoptera –Ants, bees , wasps
10. Phasmida ‐ Stick insects
28. Coleoptera‐ Beetles, weevils
11. Dermaptera ‐ Earwigs
29. Strepsiptera‐Stylopids
12. Embioptera ‐ Web spinners
14. Isoptera ‐ Termites
15. Zoraptera ‐ Zorapterans
16. Psocoptera ‐ Book lice
17. Mallophaga ‐ Bird lice
18. Siphunculata (Anoplura) ‐ Sucking lice
19. Hemiptera ‐ Plant bugs 18
20. Thysanoptera ‐ Thrips
Characters of Sub Classes:
Apterygota(Ametabola) Pterygota(Metabola)
Small and primitive insects Developed insects
Primarily wingless Winged and secondarily wingless
Mouth parts are hidden in the Mouthparts are exposed
head
Mandibles articulate with head at Mandibles articulate with head at
single point -Monocondyle two points -Dicondyle
Malphigian tubules are absent or Malphigian tubules are present
rudimentary
Adults have pregenital abdominal Adults without pregenital
appendages abdominal appendages
Pleural suture in thorax is absent Pleural suture divides thoracic
pleuron into episternum and
epimeron
Metamorphosis is simple or Metamorphosis is present and
absent variable
Abdominal segments are more in Abdominal segments are
number (11 or 12) secondarily reduced (8 to 10)
Adults moult several times Adults donot moult
Characters of divisions of Sub class Pterygota
Exopterygota(Hemimetabola) Endopterygota(Holometabola)
Wings develop externally internally
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Metamorphosis simple and Complete and complex
incomplete
Immature stages (nymphs) Immature stages (lava) differ
resemble adults in structure and adults in structure and habits
habits
No pupal instar Pupal instar present
ECONOMIC CLASSIFICATION OF INSECTS
INSECTS
1. Possessing Economic importance (Economic Entomology)
2. Possessing of no economic importance (Harmless insects)
ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY
Harmful Insects Beneficial Insects
A. Pest of crops and plants A. Productive Insects
(Agricultural Entomology and
Forest trees (Forest Entomology)
Damage caused by 1. Products from secretion of insects
feeding, - silk (silk worms)
oviposition, - Bee wax (Honey bee)
using plant parts for construction of - Shellac (lac insect)
nests etc.,
- Illumination (Giant firefly)
transporting other pest species to other
hosts, 2. Bodies useful as or contain substances
such as :
disseminating organisms of plant
diseases and - Dye (cochineal insect)
aiding in cross fertilization of certain - Cantharidin (Blister beetle)
rusts. - Fish bait (stonefly nymph)
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3. Collect, elaborate and store
Plant product.
- Honey (nectar collected by bee)
4. Products from plant galls
Caused by insects.
- Tannic acid, Inks, Dyes
5. Insects as food for fishes, birds, hogs,
certain animals and human beings.
B. Pests of stored products (Storage B. Helpful Insects
Entomology)
By feeding, contaminating with their - Aid in pollination
excretions, seeking protection or - Parasites and predators of injurious
building nests or tunnels and insects
necessitating frequent sorting, packing - Destroy weeds
and preserving of material.
- Improve soil fertility (Agricultural
C. Inimical to man (Medical Entomology)
entomology) & Animals (Veterinary - As scavengers
entomology by causing annoyance,
- Insects and their products useful in
applying venoms, disseminating the
medicine (Medical Entomology)
diseases, feeding` extra.
- Certain species are ideal materials
in scientific investigations.
- Have aesthetic and entertaining
values
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